| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 3. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 4. |
- Qi, Zhenyu, et al.
(författare)
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Blueshifting the Absorption of a Small -Molecule Donor and Using it as the Third Component to Achieve High-Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 6:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adding a small-molecule donor (SMD) to state-of-the-art nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) is demonstrated as a useful strategy to construct ternary organic solar cells, as SMDs typically have high crystallinity and can tune charge transport properties of OSCs. However, the absorption of most SMDs overlaps with typical donor polymers (e.g., PM6), which is against the general guidelines of adopting materials with complementary absorption in ternary OSCs. Herein, the absorption of state-of-art SMDs (BTR-CI) by linking the beta position of the outer thiophene to the alpha position of the inner thiophene unit is intentionally blueshifted. The resulting molecule beta-S1 shows a maximum absorption peak at 505 nm in the film state, which exhibits wider bandgap and shows complementary absorption with the host system (PM6:Y6). The corresponding ternary OSCs with 20%wt beta-S1 show significantly enhanced efficiency from 16.2% to 17.1% due to the increased short-circuit current (J(sc)) and improved fill factor (FF). Herein, an effective strategy to design SMDs with both wider bandgaps and higher crystallinity for high-performance ternary OSCs is presented.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Advancements of nature nanocage protein : preparation, identification and multiple applications of ferritins
- 2022
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 62:25, s. 7117-7128
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferritin is an important iron storage protein, which is widely existed in all forms of life. Ferritin can regulate iron homeostasis when iron ions are lacking or enriched in the body, so as to avoid iron deficiency diseases and iron poisoning. Ferritin presents a hollow nanocage, which can store ions or other small molecular substances in the cavity. Therefore, ferritin shows its potential as a functional nanomaterial that can deliver nutrients or drugs in a targeted manner to improve bioavailability. Due to the special structure, the research on ferritin has attracted more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the structural characteristics of ferritin were introduced, and the natural purification and prokaryotic expression methods of ferritin from different sources were described. At the same time, ferritin can bind to small molecules, so that it has the activity of small molecules, to construct a new type of ferritin. As a result, ferritin plays an important role as a nutrient substance, in targeted transport, and disease monitoring, etc. In conclusion, the yield of ferritin can be improved by means of molecular biology. Meanwhile, molecular modification can be used to make ferritin have unique activity and function, which lays a foundation for subsequent research.
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| 7. |
- Li, Han, et al.
(författare)
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Improvement of thermal stability of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ferritin by point mutation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferritin can be widely used as functional nanomaterial. But the physiological activity of ferritin can be damaged under excessive temperatures, which affect the self-assembly property. In this study, point mutation was produced in Asp120 to Gly120 of ferritin amino acid sequence and the heat resistance was improved significantly. The thermal denaturation temperature of mutated ferritin is 89.17 degrees C and has increased by 13 degrees C more than the wildtype oyster ferritin. The effect of thermal treatment on the denaturation, aggregation state, particle size and the structure of ferritin was not changed before 90 degrees C. The computational modeling and analysis indicated that mutated ferritin promotes the overall structural stability assembly via decreasing the interaction energies of 62 percent energies in 3-fold interface. Improving the thermal stability of oyster ferritin by point mutation enhances its applications as a food ingredient.
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| 8. |
- Li, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals Doped with Rare-Earth Ions for Multifunctional Applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - 2198-3844. ; 10:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most lead-free halide double perovskite materials display low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to the indirect bandgap or forbidden transition. Doping is an effective strategy to tailor the optical properties of materials. Herein, efficient blue-emitting Sb3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6 nanocrystals (NCs) are selected as host, rare-earth (RE) ions (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+) are incorporated into the host, and excellent PLQY of 80.1% is obtained. Femtosecond transient absorption measurement found that RE ions not only served as the activator ions but also filled the deep vacancy defects. Anti-counterfeiting, optical thermometry, and white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) are exhibited using these RE ions-doped halide double perovskite NCs. For the optical thermometry based on Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs, the maximum relative sensitivity is 0.753% K−1, which is higher than those of most temperature-sensing materials. Moreover, the WLED fabricated by Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs@PMMA displays CIE color coordinates of (0.30, 0.28), a luminous efficiency of 37.5 lm W−1, a CCT of 8035 K, and a CRI over 80, which indicate that Sm3+-doped Cs2NaInCl6:Sb3+ NCs are promising single-component white-light-emitting phosphors for next-generation lighting and display technologies.
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| 9. |
- Li, Zhenyu, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed Static and Reconfigurable Metasurface Deployment in Indoor Dense Spaces : How Much Reconfigurability is Needed?
- 2024
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Ingår i: 2024 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2024 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate how metasurfaces can be deployed to deliver high data rates in a millimeter-wave (mmWave) indoor dense space with many blocking objects. These surfaces can either be static metasurfaces (SMSs) that reflect with fixed phase-shifts or reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) that can reconfigure their phase-shifts to the currently served user. The latter comes with an increased power, cabling, and signaling cost. To see how reconfigurability affects the network performance, we propose an iterative algorithm based on the feasible point pursuit successive convex approximation method. We jointly optimize the types and phase-shifts of the surfaces and the time portion allocated to each user equipment to maximize the minimum data rate achieved by the network. Our numerical results demonstrate that the minimum data rate improves as more RISs are introduced but the gain diminishes after some point. Therefore, introducing more reconfigurability is not always necessary. Another result shows that to reach the same data rate achieved by using 22 SMSs, at least 18 RISs are needed. This suggests that when it is costly to deploy many RISs, as an inexpensive alternative solution, one can reach the same data rate just by densely deploying more SMSs.
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| 10. |
- Li, Zhenyu, et al.
(författare)
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mmWave Coverage Extension Using Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in Indoor Dense Spaces
- 2023
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Ingår i: ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 5805-5810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we consider the deployment of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to extend the coverage of a millimeter-wave (mmWave) network in indoor dense spaces. We first integrate RIS into ray-tracing simulations to realistically capture the propagation characteristics, then formulate a non-convex optimization problem that minimizes the number of RISs under rate constraints. We propose a feasible point pursuit and successive convex approximation-based algorithm, which solves the problem by jointly selecting the RIS locations, optimizing the RIS phase-shifts, and allocating time resources to user equipments (UEs). The numerical results demonstrate substantial coverage extension by using at least four RISs, and a data rate of 130 Mbit/s is guaranteed for UEs in the considered area of an airplane cabin.
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| 11. |
- Lu, Yingying, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere dysfunction promotes small vessel vasculitis via the LL37-NETs-dependent mechanism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of Translational Medicine. - : AME PUBL CO. - 2305-5839 .- 2305-5847. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small vessel vasculitis (SVV) is a group of systemic autoimmune diseases that are mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to cathelicidin LL37, an aging molecular marker, which could be induced by telomere dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that telomere dysfunction in neutrophils may promote SVV via an LL37-NETs-dependent mechanism. Methods: We contrasted the release of neutrophil NETs from mice with telomere dysfunction, mice with DNA damage and wide-type mice. Neutrophil telomere length, the expression of LL37, and the formation of NETs were measured in SVV patients and healthy controls (HCs). The co-expression of gamma H2AX, LL37, and NETs were detected in SVV patients to evaluate the association of the immune aging of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory conditions. LL37 inhibitor was used to verify its key role in NETs release in SVV patients and DNA damage mice. Results: We found that NETs were over-induced by telomere dysfunction and DNA damage in mice, which may be associated with a marked increase in LL37. For patients with SVV, telomeres in neutrophils were significantly shortened, which was also associated with higher levels of LL37 and NETs. Inhibition of LL37 reduced the NETs released from neutrophils. Conclusions: Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that dysfunction of telomeres may promote SVV through the mechanism of LL37-dependent NETs. Thus, targeting the LL37-NETs may be a novel therapy for SVV.
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| 12. |
- Ning, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing progression limits in different grades of keratoconus from a novel perspective : precision of measurements of the corneal epithelium
- 2024
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Ingår i: Eye and Vision. - 2326-0254. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To assess repeatability and reproducibility of corneal epithelium thickness (ET) measured by a spectral-domain optical coherence tomographer (SD-OCT)/Placido topographer (MS-39, CSO, Florence, Italy) in keratoconus (KC) population at different stages, as well as to determine the progression limits for evaluating KC progression. Methods: A total of 149 eyes were enrolled in this study, with 29 eyes in the forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) group, 34 eyes in the mild KC group, 40 eyes in the moderate KC group, and 46 eyes in the severe KC group. Employing the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test-retest variability (TRT), coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility. Results: The repeatability and reproducibility of MS-39 in patients with KC were acceptable, according to ICC values ranging from 0.732 to 0.954. However, patients with more severe KC and progressive peripheralization of the measurement points had higher TRTs but a thinning trend. The current study tended to set the cut-off values of mild KC, moderate KC, and severe KC to 4.9 µm, 5.2 µm, and 7.4 µm for thinnest epithelium thickness (TET). When differences between follow-ups are higher than those values, progression of the disease is possible. As for center epithelium thickness (CET), cut-off values for mild KC, moderate KC, and severe KC should be 2.8 µm, 4.4 µm, and 5.3 µm. This might be useful in the follow-up and diagnosis of keratoconus. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the precision of MS-39 was reduced in measuring more severe KC patients and more peripheral corneal points. In determining disease progression, values should be differentiated between disease-related real changes and measurement inaccuracies. Due to the large difference in ET measured by MS-39 between various stages of disease progression, it is necessary to accurately grade KC patients to avoid errors in KC clinical decision-making.
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| 13. |
- Wang, Chunyu, et al.
(författare)
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Co-regulation of temperature and moisture in the irrigated agricultural ecosystem productivity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agricultural Water Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3774. ; 275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agroecosystem photosynthesis is key to coping with global climate change. In farmland where human activities are highly involved, the interaction between environmental factors and their influences on gross primary productivity (GPP) are insufficiently understood. Particularly, the irrigation and mulching in water-saving agriculture can alter the crop responses to environmental change. Based on eddy covariance measurements of maize fields under mulched drip irrigation (DM) and mulched border irrigation (BM) in arid areas of Northwest China from 2014 to 2018, we systematically studied the interaction between multiple environmental factors and their independent effects on GPP using structural equation modeling, partial correlation coefficient and decoupling analysis by bins. The top three factors exerting the largest total effects on the GPP were soil temperature (Ts), canopy temperature (Tc) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), among which Ts (0.75) and Tc (0.66) had the largest total effect on GPP under DM and BM, respectively. The independent effects of Ts, soil water content (SWC) and VPD on GPP were different under the two irrigation methods. SWC after excluding the influence of Ts showed a negative effect on GPP under DM (−1.24 g Cm−2d−1), while a positive effect under BM (0.02 g Cm−2d−1). By contrast, SWC after excluding the influence of VPD showed a positive effect on GPP under DM (0.59 g Cm−2d−1), while a negative effect under BM (−0.05 g Cm−2d−1). Interestingly, higher Ts, lower SWC and higher VPD had the potential to increase GPP under the two irrigation methods. We also found that the total effects of irrigation and VPD as well as the indirect effects of environmental factors on GPP should not be ignored. Our study will provide important reference for dealing with the effect of high temperature and drought stress on agro-ecosystem GPP and evaluating the response of vegetation to environmental factors.
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| 14. |
- Wang, Chunyu, et al.
(författare)
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Water use efficiency control for a maize field under mulched drip irrigation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is an important indicator reflecting carbon-water coupling, but its control mechanisms in managed fields remain unclear. In order to reveal the influencing factors of WUE in the agricultural field under mulched drip irrigation (DM), we carried out the 8-year continuous observations in a maize field from Northwestern China. The structural equation model, relative importance analysis and principal component analysis were used to quantify the regulation effects of environmental and biological factors on WUE at different time scales, in different growth stages and under different hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that annual WUE varied between 2.18 g C Kg−1 H2O and 3.60 g C Kg−1 H2O, with a multi-year mean of 2.91 g C Kg−1 H2O. The total effects of air temperature on the daily WUE in the whole growth period, the vegetative growth stage, the warm and dry years, the cold and wet years, and the warm and wet years were the largest, with values of 0.61, 0.80, 0.70, 0.70 and 0.91 respectively. However, vapor pressure deficit and net radiation had the largest total effect in the cold and dry years (−0.63) and the reproductive growth stage (−0.49), respectively. Leaf biomass played a leading role in regulating the daily and interannual WUE, and the relative importance of leaf biomass to WUE in the vegetative growth stage was up to 75 %. In the warm and wet years, the relative importance of root biomass to WUE was 33 %, slightly higher than that of leaf biomass (31 %). At the same time, we found that Ta has the potential to increase WUE under future climate warming. Our results improve the understanding of carbon-water coupling mechanisms and provide important enlightenment on how crop ecosystems should adapt to future climate change.
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| 15. |
- Xia, Zhisheng, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and Tribological Properties of Nickel-Based Cellular Structure Self-Lubricating Composites by Selective Laser Melting and Metal Infiltration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tribology Transactions. - 1040-2004 .- 1547-397X. ; 66:4, s. 670-682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The service life of Inconel 718 (IN718) nickel-based superalloys under extreme working conditions is limited due to their poor tribological properties. In this study, IN718 cellular structure self-lubricating composites were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and multi-soft metal (Sn-Pb-Ag) infiltration. Different cellular structures were verified by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The effects of pore diameter and temperature on tribological properties of the selective-laser-melted (SLMed) IN718 with Sn-Pb-Ag (INSPA) infiltration self-lubricating composites were investigated. Results show that INSPA samples of cellular structure with a pore diameter of 1.4 mm (INSPA3) exhibited excellent tribological properties compared to the two other pore diameters of 1.2 mm (INSPA2) and 1.0 mm (INSPA1). The tribological properties test results at different temperatures indicate that the coefficient of friction (COF) of INSPA3 was decreased from 0.29 to 0.13 as the temperature of 25 °C rose to 350 °C. The reason is that more Sn-Pb-Ag lubricant was stored in the Ф1.4-mm holes, which were heated and expanded to the worn surface during the friction process to realize self-compensation lubrication. At 350 °C, the friction product of Pb2O was decomposed into PbO and other multicomponent friction oxides were generated, which improves the wear resistance of the SLMed INSPA self-lubricating composites. This study demonstrates a potential approach to enhance the tribological properties and service life of IN718 superalloys used in harsh friction conditions.
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| 16. |
- Zhang, Shunming, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to a healthy lifestyle including sleep and sedentary behaviors and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Chinese adults
- 2024
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - 0091-7435. ; 184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Various lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, sleep behavior, and overweight have been related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); however, their joint impact on risk of MASLD is not well known. We prospectively investigated the association between a combination of lifestyle factors and risk of MASLD. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 13,303 participants (mean age: 39.1 ± 11.3 years, female: 60.1%) in China. A novel healthy lifestyle score was created combining seven healthy factors: not smoking, no alcohol intake, regular physical activity, short sedentary time, healthy diet, healthy sleep, and healthy weight. Incident MASLD cases were ascertained annually by liver ultrasound and cardiometabolic risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of healthy lifestyle score with risk of MASLD. Results: Within 48,036 person-years of follow-up, 2823 participants developed MASLD. After adjusting for age, sex, education, occupation, household income, personal and family history of disease, and total energy intake, compared with participants with 0–2 healthy lifestyle factors, the multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of MASLD were 0.81 (0.73, 0.89), 0.67 (0.61, 0.75), and 0.55 (0.49, 0.62) for healthy lifestyle score of 3, 4, and 5–7, respectively (P for trend <0.0001). Such associations were consistent across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Our results indicate that a higher healthy lifestyle score is associated with a lower risk of MASLD.
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| 17. |
- Zhu, Zhenyu, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of prestrain-induced cyclic-strain hardening: Multi-scale experimental characterizations and simulations of 7075 aluminum alloy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of prefabricated dislocation features induced by rate dependent prestrain on the post-cyclic process in 7075 aluminum alloy exhibits significant variations, which are of great importance in terms of concerns, designs, and discoveries. Considering strain rate dependent prestrain provides diversified hardening stimuli for the subsequent cyclic process. The maximum cyclic stress in the post-cyclic stage was maintained at the same level as the prestress with strain rates ranging from 10-4s-1 to 10-1s-1. Subsequently, by adjusting post-cycling stress amplitude, research was conducted on quasi-plastic amplitude cycle (QPC) and low plasticity amplitude cycle (LPC) loading conditions. Through experimental mechanism analysis, as well as verification through molecular dynamics and crystal plasticity simulations, prestrain induced by rapid strain rates enhanced the hardening during QPC, stemming from the effects of matrix reconstruction strengthening and wavy structured grain boundaries. However, prestrain induced by slow strain rates promoted the hardening during LPC, primarily arising from the non-uniform crystal structures within individual grains, which was achieved through the complex sub-crystal clusters at grain boundaries, along with intracrystal orderly slipping lattice. These findings offer new insights for the optimization of microstructural design through dislocation engineering.
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