| 1. |
- Kownacki, J, et al.
(författare)
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High-spin studies of the neutron deficient nuclei In-103, In-105, In-107, and In-109
- 1997
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 627:2, s. 239-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states of the isotopes 103,105,107,109In have been investigated using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic methods. Results from three different experiments are presented. Targets of 54Fe, 50Cr, and 92Mo were bombarded by a 270 and 261 MeV 58Ni beam and by a 95 MeV 19F beam, respectively. Reaction channel separation was achieved with a charged-particle detector array and in the first two experiments also with a 1π neutron detector system. As a result of these experiments the level schemes of 103,105,107,109In were significantly extended. Excited states of these odd-A indium isotopes are discussed within the framework of the nuclear shell model and the hole-core coupling scheme. The systematics of excited states of light odd-A indium isotopes is also discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- DORING, J, et al.
(författare)
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EVIDENCE FOR NEW ISOMERS AND BAND STRUCTURES IN RB-80
- 1992
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 46:6, s. R2127-R2131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the doubly odd nucleus Rb-80 have mainly been studied via the Zn-68(F-19,alpha3n) reaction at 72 MeV beam energy utilizing the NORDBALL detector system. The level scheme has been extended up to a (15+) state at 4446 keV excitation energy. In the low-spin region seven new isomers with lifetimes in the nanosecond region have been found. In addition, a 6+ isomer with a half-life of the order of mus has been identified at an excitation energy of 494.4 keV. For the level sequence built on this isomer positive parity is suggested and the states are ascribed to the intruder two-quasiparticle configuration (pig9/2 x nug9/2) and collective excitations.
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| 5. |
- DORING, J, et al.
(författare)
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HIGH-LYING 3-QUASI-PARTICLE BANDS AND SIGNATURE SPLITTING IN RB-81
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 50:4, s. 1845-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new high-lying level sequences of negative parity have been identified in the odd-proton nucleus Rb-81 by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the reactions Br-79(alpha, 2n) at 27 MeV and Zn-68(F-19, alpha2n) at 72 MeV. One sequence, dominated by M1 transitions, is interpreted as a three-quasiparticle band predominantly containing a neutron in the p1/2, p3/2, or f5/2 subshell coupled to g9/2 proton and g9/2 neutron excitations. The other new level sequence forms the three-quasiparticle extension of the unfavored negative-parity band, but the states decay also by E1 transitions. The signature splitting points to a configuration where an aligned g9/2 proton pair is involved.
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| 6. |
- Günther, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia : Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57x coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500-6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data display an east-west genetic gradient that opposes the pattern seen in other parts of Mesolithic Europe. Our results suggest two different early postglacial migrations into Scandinavia: initially from the south, and later, from the northeast. The latter followed the ice-free Norwegian north Atlantic coast, along which novel and advanced pressure-blade stone-tool techniques may have spread. These two groups met and mixed in Scandinavia, creating a genetically diverse population, which shows patterns of genetic adaptation to high latitude environments. These potential adaptations include high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and a gene region associated with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern-day northern Europeans.
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| 7. |
- Mandenius, C. F., et al.
(författare)
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Predicting fermentability of wood hydrolyzates with responses from electronic noses
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biotechnology progress (Print). - New York, NY, United States : AIChE. - 8756-7938 .- 1520-6033. ; 15:4, s. 617-621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fermentability of lignocellulose hydrolyzates have been predicted from the responses of a combination of chemical gas sensors. The hydrolyzates were prepared by dilute-acid hydrolysis of wood from pine, aspen, birch, and spruce. The volatile emission from the hydrolyzates before fermentation was measured, and the sensor array response pattern was compared with the observed fermentability of the hydrolyzates, i.e. with the final ethanol concentration after fermentation and the maximum specific ethanol production rate. Two concentration parameters in the hydrolyzates, furfural and the sum of furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), were also predicted from the responses. The sensors used were metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), tin oxide semiconductor devices, and conductive polymer sensors configured in two sensor arrays. The sensor array response pattern was analyzed by principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. Predictions from artificial neural networks deviated from measured values with less than 15%.The fermentability of lignocellulose hydrolyzates have been predicted from the responses of a combination of chemical gas sensors. The hydrolyzates were prepared by dilute-acid hydrolysis of wood from pine, aspen, birch, and spruce. The volatile emission from the hydrolyzates before fermentation was measured, and the sensor array response pattern was compared with the observed fermentability of the hydrolyzates, i.e. with the final ethanol concentration after fermentation and the maximum specific ethanol production rate. Two concentration parameters in the hydrolyzates, furfural and the sum of furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), were also predicted from the responses. The sensors used were metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), tin oxide semiconductor devices, and conductive polymer sensors configured in two sensor arrays. The sensor array response pattern was analyzed by principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. Predictions from artificial neural networks deviated from measured values with less than 15%.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bartley, D., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement Uncertainty
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ann. occup. Hyg.. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). ; 52, s. 413-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 14. |
- Björkqvist, S, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological response to anaerobicity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Applied and environmental microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 63:1, s. 128-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which one or both of the genes encoding the two isoforms of NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase had been deleted, were studied in aerobic batch cultures and in aerobic-anaerobic step change experiments. The respirofermentative growth rates under aerobic conditions with semisynthetic medium (20 g of glucose per liter) of two single mutants, gpd1 delta and gpd2 delta, and the parental strain (mu = 0.5 h-1) were almost identical, whereas the growth rate of a double mutant, gpd1 delta gpd2 delta, was approximately half that of the parental strain. Upon a step change from aerobic to anaerobic conditions in the exponential growth phase, the specific carbon dioxide evolution rates (CER) of the wild-type strain and the gpd1 delta strain were almost unchanged. The gpd2 delta mutant showed an immediate, large (> 50%) decrease in CER upon a change to anaerobic conditions. However, after about 45 min the CER increased again, although not to the same level as under aerobic conditions. The gpd1 delta gpd2 delta mutant showed a drastic fermentation rate decrease upon a transition to anaerobic conditions. However, the CER values increased to and even exceeded the aerobic levels after the addition of acetoin. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses demonstrated that the added acetoin served as an acceptor of reducing equivalents by being reduced to butanediol. The results clearly show the necessity of glycerol formation as a redox sink for S. cerevisiae under anaerobic conditions.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Cassells, B., et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid SSF/SHF Processing of SO2 Pretreated Wheat Straw—Tuning Co-fermentation by Yeast Inoculum Size and Hydrolysis Time
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 181:2, s. 536-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wheat straw is one of the main agricultural residues of interest for bioethanol production. This work examines conversion of steam-pretreated wheat straw (using SO2 as a catalyst) in a hybrid process consisting of a short enzymatic prehydrolysis step and a subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) step with a xylose-fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A successful process requires a balanced design of reaction time and temperature in the prehydrolysis step and yeast inoculum size and temperature in the SSF step. The pretreated material obtained after steam pretreatment at 210 °C for 5 min using 2.5 % SO2 (based on moisture content) showed a very good enzymatic digestibility at 45 °C but clearly lower at 30 °C. Furthermore, the pretreatment liquid was found to be rather inhibitory to the yeast, partly due to a furfural content of more than 3 g/L. The effect of varying the yeast inoculum size in this medium was assessed, and at a yeast inoculum size of 4 g/L, a complete conversion of glucose and a 90 % conversion of xylose were obtained within 50 h. An ethanol yield (based on the glucan and xylan in the pretreated material) of 0.39 g/g was achieved for a process with this yeast inoculum size in a hybrid process (10 % water-insoluble solid (WIS)) with 4 h prehydrolysis time and a total process time of 96 h. The obtained xylose conversion was 95 %. A longer prehydrolysis time or a lower yeast inoculum size resulted in incomplete xylose conversion.
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| 18. |
- Costa, Thales H.F., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration-scale enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce with addition of hydrogen peroxide for LPMO activation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 14:4, s. 734-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The saccharification of lignocellulosic materials like Norway spruce is challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of the biomass, and it requires optimized and efficient pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes to make it industrially feasible. In this study, we report successful enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce (Borregaard's BALI™ process) at demonstration scale, achieved through the controlled delivery of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the activation of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) present in the cellulolytic enzyme preparation. We achieved 85% saccharification yield in 4 days using industrially relevant conditions – that is, an enzyme dose of 4% (w/w dry matter of substrate) of the commercial cellulase cocktail Cellic CTec3 and a substrate loading of 12% (w/w). Addition of H2O2 and the resulting controlled and high LPMO activity had a positive effect on the rate of saccharification and the final sugar titer. Clearly, the high LPMO activity was dependent on feeding the reactors with the LPMO co-substrate H2O2, as in situ generation of H2O2 from molecular oxygen was limited. These demonstration-scale experiments provide a solid basis for the use of H2O2 to improve enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass at large industrial scale.
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| 19. |
- Costenoble, R., et al.
(författare)
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Engineering of the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for anaerobic production of mannitol
- 2003
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Ingår i: Fems Yeast Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1567-1356 .- 1567-1364. ; 3:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under anaerobic conditions, Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses NADH-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1p and Gpd2p) to re-oxidize excess NADH, yielding substantial amounts of glycerol. In a Deltagpd1 Deltagpd2 double-null mutant, the necessary NAD(+) regeneration through glycerol production is no longer possible, and this mutant does not grow under anaerobic conditions. The excess NADH formed can potentially be used to drive other NADH-dependent reactions or pathways. To investigate this possibility, a double-null mutant was transformed with a heterologous gene (mt1D) from Escherichia coli, coding for NADH-dependent mannitol-I-phosphate dehydrogenase. Expression of this gene in S. cerevisiae should result in NADH oxidation by the NADH-requiring formation of mannitol-1-phosphate from fructose-6-phosphate. The strain was characterized using step-change experiments, in which, during the exponential growth phase, the inlet gas was changed from air to nitrogen. It was found that the mutant produced mannitol only under anaerobic conditions. However, anaerobic growth was not regained, which was probably due to the excessive accumulation of mannitol in the cells. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Gale, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Band termination spectroscopy in 157Er
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 21:2, s. 193-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level scheme of 157Er has been extended from a spin region where the nucleus behaves as a prolate rotor to a region where the spin is produced by the alignment of all or most of the available valence nucleons along the symmetry axis of a weakly deformed oblate shape. The level scheme was established at high spin using up to four-fold gamma -ray coincidences detected in the Eurogam spectrometer following the reaction 114Cd( 48Ca,5n)157Er at a bombarding energy of 210 MeV. Particularly favoured states have been established at IK=69/2+, 81/2+, 71/2+, 77/2-, 87-/2 and 89-/2. Specific single-particle configurations are assigned to these special states by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These states are related to structures observed in the neighbouring nuclei 158Er and 157Ho. These data provide the spectrum of single-particle states for the lowest lying valence orbitals above the 146Gd closed core.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Haronikova, A., et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of growth and production characteristics of red yeasts cultivated on hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic pine material
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly. - 0352-9568. ; 31:4, s. 527-535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to compare the production of carotenes and ergosterol by red yeasts grown on pine lignocellulose substrates. The yeast strains Rhodotorula aurantiaca and Sporobolomyces shibatanus were grown on the liquid fraction of steam pretreated pine (210 °C, catalyst SO2). Biomass production on a pine hydrolysate was lower than on glucose. The highest content of carotenoids and ergosterol in the cells of R. aurantiaca grown on pine hydrolysate was about 1.7 mg g-1 and 0.8 mg g-1 (dwt), respectively, and in S. shibatanus about 0.9 mg g-1 and 0.1 mg g-1, respectively. Hemicellulose hydrolysates may contain many compounds that have inhibitory effects on microorganisms. In this work, the influences of some inhibitors were assessed by cultivating yeasts on media with a representative addition of the selected compounds. From these tests, furfural appears to be the most critical inhibitor, whereas acetic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) do not affect the growth so much.
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| 30. |
- Horváth, I. S., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of furfural on anaerobic continuous cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 0006-3592 .- 1097-0290. ; 75:5, s. 540-549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Furfural is an important inhibitor of yeast metabolism in lignocellulose-derived substrates. The effect of furfural on the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was investigated using anaerobic continuous cultivations. Experiments were performed with furfural in the feed medium (up to 8.3 g/L) using three dierent dilution rates (0.095, 0.190, and 0.315 h-1). The measured concentration of furfural was low (<0.1 g/L) at all steady states obtained. However, it was not possible to achieve a steady state at a specific conversion rate of furfural, qf, higher than approximately 0.15 g/g·h. An increased furfural concentration in the feed caused a decrease in the steady-state glycerol yield. This agreed well with the decreased need for glycerol production as a way to regenerate NAD+, i.e., to function as a redox sink because furfural was reduced to furfuryl alcohol. Transient experiments were also performed by pulse addition of furfural directly into the fermentor. In contrast to the situation at steady-state conditions, both glycerol and furfuryl alcohol yields increased after pulse addition of furfural to the culture. Furthermore, the maximum specific conversion rate of furfural (0.6 g/g·h) in dynamic experiments was significantly higher than what was attainable in the chemostat experiments. The dynamic furfural conversion could be described by the use of a simple Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic model. Also furfural conversion under steady-state conditions could be explained by a Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic model, but with a higher anity and a lower maximum conversion rate. This indicated the presence of an additional component with a higher anity, but lower maximum capacity, either in the transport system or in the conversion system of furfural.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- JERRESTAM, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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IN-BEAM SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE NUCLEUS CD-105
- 1995
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 593:2, s. 162-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High spin states in Cd-105 have been studied using reactions Cd-106(p, pn), Cd-106(He-3, 2p2n), Zr-92(O-16, 3n) and Ge-76(S-34, 5n). The excited levels are dominated by a negative parity band structure up to spin 47/2(-) and a positive parity structure up
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Shikimic acid production by a modified strain of E-coli (W3110.shik1) under phosphate-limited and carbon-limited conditions
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 92:5, s. 541-552
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shikimic acid is one of several industrially interesting chiral starting materials formed in the aromatic amino acid pathway of plants and microorganisms. In this study, the physiology of a shikimic acid producing strain of Escherichia coli (derived from W31 10) deleted in aroL (shikimic acid kinase II gene), was compared to that of a corresponding control strain W31 10) under carbonand phosphate-limited conditions. For the shikimic acid producing strain (referred to as W31 10.shik1), phosphate limitation resulted in a higher yield of shikimic acid (0.059 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.024 +/- 0.005 c-mol/c-mol) and a lower yield of by-products from the shikimate pathway, when compared to carbon-limited condition. The yield of the by-product 3-clehydroshikimic acid (DHS) decreased from 0.076 +/- 0.028 to 0.022 +/- 0.001 c-mol/c-mol. Several other by-products were only detected under carbon-limited conditions. The latter group included 3-dehydroquinic acid (0.021 +/- 0.021 c-mol/c-mol), quinic acid (0.012 +/- 0.005 c-mol/c-mol), and gallic acid (0.002 +/- 0.001 c-mol/c-mol). For both strains, more acetate was produced under phosphate than the carbon-limited case. Considerable cell lysis was found for both strains but was higher for W3110.shikl ' and increased for both strains under phosphate limitation. The advantages of the latter condition in terms of an increased shikimic acid yield was thus counteracted by an increased cell lysis, which may make downstream processing more difficult. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 34. |
- Kadić, Adnan, et al.
(författare)
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In situ measurements of oxidation–reduction potential and hydrogen peroxide concentration as tools for revealing LPMO inactivation during enzymatic saccharification of cellulose
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lead to enzyme inactivation and reduce overall sugar yields. While following LPMO action by ex situ analysis of LPMO products confirms enzyme inactivation, currently no preventive measures are available to intervene before complete inactivation. Results: Here, we carried out enzymatic saccharification of the model cellulose Avicel with an LPMO-containing enzyme preparation (Cellic CTec3) and H2O2 feed at 1 L bioreactor scale and followed the oxidation–reduction potential and H2O2 concentration in situ with corresponding electrode probes. The rate of oxidation of the reductant as well as the estimation of the amount of H2O2 consumed by LPMOs indicate that, in addition to oxidative depolymerization of cellulose, LPMOs consume H2O2 in a futile non-catalytic cycle, and that inactivation of LPMOs happens gradually and starts long before the accumulation of LPMO-generated oxidative products comes to a halt. Conclusion: Our results indicate that, in this model system, the collapse of the LPMO-catalyzed reaction may be predicted by the rate of oxidation of the reductant, the accumulation of H2O2 in the reactor or, indirectly, by a clear increase in the oxidation–reduction potential. Being able to monitor the state of the LPMO activity in situ may help maximizing the benefit of LPMO action during saccharification. Overcoming enzyme inactivation could allow improving overall saccharification yields beyond the state of the art while lowering LPMO and, potentially, cellulase loads, both of which would have beneficial consequences on process economics.
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| 35. |
- Kadić, A., et al.
(författare)
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Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) as a tool for process monitoring of H2O2/LPMO assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose
- 2019
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Ingår i: Process Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-5113. ; 86, s. 89-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) is an environmental factor of importance in several biological conversion processes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) catalyze oxidative disruption of the cellulose chain in the presence of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide and increase enzymatic hydrolysis yields. However, the enzymes are also sensitive to oxidative damage and the level of oxidative agent needs to be controlled to avoid inactivation of the LPMOs. In the current study, enzymatic hydrolysis of sulfite-pretreated softwood (12% DM loading) was carried out in lab scale reactors with gradual addition of hydrogen peroxide using an LPMO-containing commercial enzyme cocktail. The ORP was measured during enzymatic hydrolysis together with released glucose and the level of C4-oxidized dimer as a marker for LPMO activity. Arrests in LPMO activity coincided with a markedly changed ORP signal and this was utilized in subsequent experiments in which the feed rate of hydrogen peroxide was controlled by keeping the ORP at predetermined set-points of -40 mV, -80 mV and -120 mV. Under anaerobic conditions, the highest hydrolysis yield (78% after 72 h) was found for the ORP set-point of -80 mV. The results show that ORP can serve as an indicator of LPMO activity and may help optimizing overall process efficiency.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lidén, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic counselling for cancer and risk perception
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 42:7, s. 726-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim was to investigate risk perception and psychological distress in individuals attending genetic counselling. A consecutive series of 86 individuals with a diagnosis and/or family history of breast, ovarian or colorectal cancer was included. Risk assessments were performed before and immediately after genetic counselling and at a one-year follow-up. Psychological distress was assessed 1 week before, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after genetic counselling. The number of individuals who correctly-estimated the general risk in the population increased significantly from 35%, before to 82% after counselling (p < 0.001). One year later, data on general risk estimates showed a significant reduction of the number of correct estimations to 51%, compared with directly after the counselling (p < 0.005). In total, 54% estimated their own lifetime risk correctly after the counselling, compared with 17% before (p < 0.001) (those with a cancer diagnosis estimated the risk of their children developing cancer). One year later, the number of correct estimations had dropped to 28%. Before the counselling, the majority of the participants overestimated both the general risk and their own/children's risk. The participants experienced moderate levels of psychological distress before the counselling and a decrease of anxiety afterwards (p < 0.02). However, half of the participants reported moderate or high distress. There were no differences in psychological distress between those who estimated their risk/ children's risk as low, moderate or high or between those who over-, under- or correctly estimated their own/children's risk. Further investigations are needed to develop and adjust the risk information provided to the individual in order to avoid misunderstanding, especially as this information is going to be revealed to family members Counselling support should be offered to those individuals who experience psychological distress.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Lidén, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Cow's milk protein sensitivity assessed by the mucosal patch technique is related to irritable bowel syndrome in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 38:6, s. 929-935
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are reported to have a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms partly attributed to an overrepresentation of celiac disease. We have observed that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms are frequent complaints in this patient group. Allergic manifestations to various drugs are also common in pSS. A role of food allergy in IBS has been proposed. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at evaluating the mucosal response to rectal challenge with cow's milk protein (CM) in patients with pSS and relates possible CM reactivity to their intestinal symptoms. Methods: A rectal challenge with CM was performed in 21 patients with pSS and 18 healthy controls. Fifteen hours after challenge the mucosal production of nitric oxide (NO) and the release of myeloperoxidase (MPO) as signs of mucosal inflammatory reaction were measured using the mucosal patch technique. RESULTS: Eight out of 21 patients with pSS had a definite increase of mucosal NO synthesis and the luminal release of MPO after rectal CM challenge. This sign of milk sensitivity was not linked to IgG/IgA antibodies to milk proteins. The symptoms for IBS according to Rome III criteria were fulfilled in 13 patients. All patients who were CM sensitive suffered from IBS. In a small open study, patients reactive to CM reported an improvement of intestinal symptoms on a CM-free diet. CONCLUSION: A rectal mucosal inflammatory response after CM challenge is seen in 38% of patients with pSS as a sign of CM sensitivity. IBS-like symptoms were common in pSS, linked to CM sensitivity.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Peterson, Christer G. B., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of biomarkers for ulcerative colitis comparing two sampling methods : fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 76:5, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Simple, objective and inexpensive tools for the assessment of mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) are highly desirable. The aim of this study was to evaluate a broad spectrum of activity markers comparing two sampling methods: fecal samples and the mucosal patch technique.Methods: Twenty patients with active UC and 14 healthy controls were characterized by means of clinical indices and endoscopy together with histology and immunohistochemistry on colorectal sections. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO), calprotectin, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX/EDN) and IL-1 were analyzed in fecal samples and rectal fluid collected by the patch technique. Nitric oxide (NO) was analyzed in rectal gas samples. Expression of activity markers on colorectal neutrophils and eosinophils were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results: All fecal and patch markers were increased in UC patients compared with healthy controls. Fecal markers and the level of neutrophil activation correlated to disease activity, whereas patch markers did not. The best markers in terms of discriminative power were fecal MPO and IL-1. Fecal marker levels were related to sigmoidal histology scores and to neutrophil number and activation. Patch markers were related to rectal inflammation only.Conclusions: The levels of inflammation markers in feces and patch fluid distinctly reflected active inflammation in UC. The degree of disease activity was however best assessed by fecal markers, particularly MPO and IL-1. Fecal markers reflect colorectal inflammation both macroscopically and on a cellular level, and may be useful for the evaluation of subclinical inflammation. The applicability of patch markers is restricted to rectal inflammation.
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| 47. |
- Taherzadeh, Mohammad J, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Acetic acid-friend or foe in anaerobic batch conversion of glucose to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Science. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 0009-2509. ; 52:15, s. 2653-2659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The permissible region of growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose under anaerobic conditions was determined as a function of both pH and the concentration of added acetic acid to the medium. In the absence of acetic acid, growth was possible at a pH as low as 2.5, whereas a total acetic acid addition of 10 gl-1 increased the minimum allowable pH for growth to 4.5. The results showed that the concentration of the undissociated form of acetic acid should not exceed 5 gl-1 in the medium for growth to occur. The addition of acetic acid had a profound effect on growth energetics, thereby leading to an increased ethanol yield on glucose. At a concentration of 3.3 gl-1 of undissociated acetic acid, the ethanol yield was 20% higher than without added acetic acid. Furthermore, the biomass and glycerol yields decreased by 45 and 33%, respectively.The permissible region of growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose under anaerobic conditions was determined as a function of both pH and the concentration of added acetic acid to the medium. In the absence of acetic acid, growth was possible at a pH as low as 2.5, whereas a total acetic acid addition of 10 g l-1 increased the minimum allowable pH for growth to 4.5. The results showed that the concentration of the undissociated form of acetic acid should not exceed 5 g l-1 in the medium for growth to occur. The addition of acetic acid had a profound effect on growth energetics, thereby leading to an increased ethanol yield on glucose. At a concentration of 3.3 g l-1 of undissociated acetic acid, the ethanol yield was 20% higher than without added acetic acid. Furthermore, the biomass and glycerol yields decreased by 45 and 33%, respectively.
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| 48. |
- Taherzadeh, Mohammad J, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and Fermentation of Dilute-Acid Hydrolyzates from Wood
- 1997
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Ingår i: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society. - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 36:11, s. 4659-4665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dilute-acid hydrolyzates from alder, aspen, birch, willow, pine, and spruce were fermented without prior detoxification. The hydrolyzates were prepared by a one-stage hydrolysis process using sulfuric acid (5 g/L) at temperatures between 188 and 234°C and with a holding time of 7 min. The fermentations were carried out anaerobically by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (10 g of d.w./L) at a temperature of 30°C and an initial pH of 5.5. The fermentabilities were quite different for the different wood species, and only hydrolyzates of spruce produced at 188 and 198°C hydrolyzates of pine produced at 188°C, and hydrolyzates of willow produced at 198°C could be completely fermented within 24 h. From the sum of the concentrations of the known inhibitors furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), a good prediction of the maximum ethanol production rate could be obtained, regardless of the origin of the hydrolyzate. Furthermore, in hydrolyzates that fermented well, furfural and HMF were found to be taken up and converted by the yeast, concomitant with the uptake of glucose.
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| 49. |
- Taherzadeh, Mohammad J, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Conversion of dilute-acid hydrolyzates of spruce and birch to ethanol by fed-batch fermentation
- 1999
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - Exeter, United Kingdom : Elsevier Sci Ltd. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 69:1, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fermentation techniques for conversion of dilute acid hydrolyzates were examined. Batch and fed-batch fermentations of hydrolyzates from spruce and birch woods were made in a lab-scale (3.31) anaerobic bioreactor using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The spruce and birch hydrolyzates contained high initial concentrations of furfural (2.2 and 5.7 g/l) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 7.3 and 2.4 g/l), and were found to be strongly inhibiting to the yeast strain used in this study. Fermentation of the hydrolyzates was not possible using a batch mode of operation. However, using a fed-batch technique with a suitably adjusted feed rate, it was found possible to completely ferment the glucose and mannose sugars in both hydrolyzates. Most of the furfural (90%), and part of the HMF (40-70%), present in the hydrolyzates was converted during the fed-batch operation. It is suggested that the success of the fed-batch operation is related to the conversion of furfural and HMF.Fermentation techniques for conversion of dilute acid hydrolyzates were examined. Batch and fed-batch fermentations of hydrolyzates from spruce and birch woods were made in a lab-scale (3.31) anaerobic bioreactor using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The spruce and birch hydrolyzates contained high initial concentrations of furfural (2.2 and 5.7 g/l) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 7.3 and 2.4 g/l), and were found to be strongly inhibiting to the yeast strain used in this study. Fermentation of the hydrolyzates was not possible using a batch mode of operation. However, using a fed-batch technique with a suitably adjusted feed rate, it was found possible to completely ferment the glucose and mannose sugars in both hydrolyzates. Most of the furfural (90%), and part of the HMF (40-70%), present in the hydrolyzates was converted during the fed-batch operation. It is suggested that the success of the fed-batch operation is related to the conversion of furfural and HMF.
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| 50. |
- Taherzadeh, Mohammad J, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Conversion of furfural in aerobic and anaerobic batch fermentation of glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. - : Society of Fermentation and Bioengineering. - 1389-1723 .- 1347-4421. ; 87:2, s. 169-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of furfural on aerobic and anaerobic batch cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 growing on glucose was investigated. Furfural was found to decrease both the specific growth rate and ethanol production rate after pulse additions in both anaerobic and aerobic batch cultures. The specific growth rate remained low until the furfural had been completely consumed, and then increased somewhat, but not to the initial value. The CO2 evolution rate decreased to about 35% of the value before the addition of 4 g·l-1 furfural, in both aerobic and anaerobic fermentations. The decrease of the CO2 evolution rate was rapid at first, and then a more gradual decrease was observed. The furfural was converted mainly to furfuryl alcohol, with a specific conversion rate of 0.6 (± 0.03) g (furfural)·g- 1 (biomass)·h-1 by exponentially growing cells. However, the conversion rate of furfural by cells in the stationary phase was much lower. A previously unidentified compound was detected during the conversion of furfural. This compound was characterized by mass spectrometry and it is suggested that it is formed from furfural and pyruvate.
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