| 1. |
- Fornander, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying mobility in populations with mixed marine/terrestrial diets : strontium isotope analysis of skeletal material from a passage grave in Resmo, Öland, Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Forging identities. - Oxford : British Archaeological Reports. - 9781407314334 ; , s. 183-192, s. 183-192
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium isotope analysis of skeletal material as a means to reconstruct prehistoric residential patterns has previously mainly been applied to populations with terrestrial diets. Here we present a model for populations with mixed marine/terrestrial diets, which is based on two-component mixing of strontium isotopes. Applying this model, we can estimate the original strontium isotope value of the terrestrial component of the diet. Accordingly it is possible to identify non-local individuals even if they had a mixed marine/terrestrial diet. The model is applied to tooth enamel samples representing nine individuals recovered from a passage grave in Resmo, on the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea, where at least five non-local individuals, representing at least two different geographical regions of origin, were identified. Non-local individuals were more frequent during the Bronze Age than during previous phases.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Hans, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Baltic grey seal : A 9000-year history of presence and absence
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 32:6, s. 569-577
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) has been part of the Baltic Sea fauna for more than 9000 years and has ever since been subjected to extensive human hunting, particularly during the early phases of its presence in the Baltic Sea, but also in the early 20th century. In order to study their temporal genetic structure and to investigate whether there has been a genetically continuous grey seal population in the Baltic, we generated mitochondrial control region data from skeletal remains from ancient grey seals from the archaeological sites Stora Förvar (Sweden) and Neustadt (Germany) and compared these with modern grey seal data. We found that the majority of the Mesolithic grey seals represent haplotypes that is not found in contemporary grey seals, indicating that the Baltic Sea population went extinct, likely due to human overexploitation and environmental change. We hypothesize that grey seals recolonised the Baltic Sea from the North Sea. during the Bronze Age or Iron Age, and that the contemporary Baltic grey seal population is direct descendants of this recolonisation. Our study highlights the power of biomolecular archaeology to understand the factors that shape contemporary marine diversity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Arrhenius, Birgit, 1932-, et al.
(författare)
-
Tybrind Vig, en vegetabilisk gröt?
- 1988
-
Ingår i: Laborativ arkeologi. ; :3, s. 7-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergfeldt, Nora, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of microbial pathogens in Neolithic Scandinavian humans
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the Neolithic transition, human lifestyle shifted from hunting and gathering to farming. This change altered subsistence patterns, cultural expression, and population structures as shown by the archaeological/zooarchaeological record, as well as by stable isotope and ancient DNA data. Here, we used metagenomic data to analyse if the transitions also impacted the microbiome composition in 25 Mesolithic and Neolithic hunter-gatherers and 13 Neolithic farmers from several Scandinavian Stone Age cultural contexts. Salmonella enterica, a bacterium that may have been the cause of death for the infected individuals, was found in two Neolithic samples from Battle Axe culture contexts. Several species of the bacterial genus Yersinia were found in Neolithic individuals from Funnel Beaker culture contexts as well as from later Neolithic context. Transmission of e.g. Y. enterocolitica may have been facilitated by the denser populations in agricultural contexts.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Eriksson, Gunilla, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cultural interaction and change : a multi-isotopic approach to the Neolithization in coastal areas
- 2013
-
Ingår i: World archaeology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0043-8243 .- 1470-1375. ; 45:3, s. 430-446
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on data from the megalithic tomb in Resmo on oland in the Baltic Sea, we use a multi-isotopic approach, involving the systematic treatment and modelling of extensive human and faunal isotopic data (C-14, C-13, N-15, S-34 and Sr-87/Sr-86), along with archaeological contextual evidence, to study change and interaction. The fact that people utilize aquatic resources necessitates modelling of the sulphur and strontium isotope data, to prevent the aquatic contribution from obscuring the local terrestrial signal. It was possible to demonstrate how the people buried in Resmo went through dynamic changes in diet, mobility patterns and cultural identity during more than two millennia of burial practice: from the incipient farmers of the Funnel Beaker Culture, through the cultural encounters and transitions during the Middle Neolithic, to the newcomers furthering intensified agriculture, trade and metal craftsmanship during the Bronze Age.
|
|
| 7. |
- Fjellström, Markus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ett ovanligt skidfynd från Låktatjåhkkå- / Loktačohkkaglaciären, Sápmi : Skidbruk, vallning, 14C-datering och lipidanalyser
- 2021
-
Ingår i: META - Historiskarkeologisk tidskrift. - : Historiskarkeologiska. - 2002-0406 .- 2002-388X. ; , s. 53-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An unusual ski from the Låktatjåhkå / Loktacohkka glacier in Sápmi – Use, wax, 14C and lipid residue analysis: Archaeological skis dated from the Stone Age to today, are not unusual finds in bogs and wetlands. They are found all over Sápmi, from Norway to the Kola peninsula in the Russian federation. Skis are also represented in rock art at different sites in Sápmi and mentioned in written sources; however, skis found at higher altitudes, at glaciers and perennial snow patches, are not as common. In 2018, nine kilometers west of Björkliden, a fragment of a ski was found by the Loktačohkka glacier. The ski fragment was first 14C-dated to the 15th century; however, presence of vax on the fragment presented an interesting problem. A new 14C analysis of the ski fragment, with the wax components removed, now dated the cellulose from the ski to 1645–1916 CE, i.e. the ski could have been used some time from circa 1645 into the first half of the 20th century. This study highlights the importance of regular surveys of melting glaciers and snow patches to retrieve organic material melting out, as well as the importance of investigating what components wood could have been impregnated with.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fjellström, Markus, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Fishing at Vivallen : stable isotope analysis of individuals from a South Saami burial ground
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 117:1, s. 37-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vivallen is a Late Iron Age/Early Middle Ages South Saami site with a burialground as well as a large dwelling site in Härjedalen, Sweden, located in the borderland between Saami and Norse groups. As food can be used as an indicator of cultural affiliation, we investigated the relative importance of various foodstuffs at this site, performing δ13C and δ15N analysis of human and faunal skeletal remains. The site was located along the St Olaf pilgrimage route, implying that some of the buried individuals may not have been local to the site, and therefore we performed δ34S analysis to study mobility. We set out to investigate if there were any changes in diet and mobility over the lifespan of the people buried at Vivallen. The results showed that freshwater fish were an important part of the diet, whereas reindeer and big game do not seem to have been major proteinsources. We could not identify any substantial changes in diet in the individuals over time. Our results further demonstrated low mobility among the individuals,with one exception, a female who evidently grew up somewhere else.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Gharibi, Hassan, et al.
(författare)
-
Abnormal (Hydroxy)proline Deuterium Content Redefines Hydrogen Chemical Mass
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 144:6, s. 2484-2487
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyzing the δ2H values in individual amino acids of proteins extracted from vertebrates, we unexpectedly found insome samples, notably bone collagen from seals, more than twice as much deuterium in proline and hydroxyproline residues than inseawater. This corresponds to at least 4 times higher δ2H than in any previously reported biogenic sample. We ruled out diet as aplausible mechanism for such anomalous enrichment. This finding puts into question the old adage that “you are what you eat”.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Lidén, Kerstin, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Breastfeeding patterns and diet in five 17th-century children from Sund, Åland Islands
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Stones, Bones & Thoughts. - Oulu : [Milton Núñezin juhlakirjan toimituskunta]. - 9789529311286 - 9789529311293 ; , s. 166-174
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breastfeeding patterns and diet in five 17th-century children from Sund on the Åland Islands were studied by means of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of bone and teeth. Although all individuals derive from the same burial context, the high-status location inside the church, they nevertheless show differences in diet and breastfeeding patterns. We found two dietary groups: one consuming almost exclusively terrestrial protein resources, and the other a mixture of marine and terrestrial resources, with a predominance of terrestrial protein. The individual breastfeeding patterns show great variability – from no breastfeeding at all, to exclusive breastfeeding for ten months. Weaning varied both with regard to onset and pace. The overall diet indicates that the analysed individuals originate from two different environments, possibly mainland Åland and the outer archipelago, respectively.
|
|
| 17. |
- Lidén, Kerstin, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Mångkultur redan på stenåldern
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Forskning och framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; :7, s. 44-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Lidén, Kerstin, 1960-
(författare)
-
Prehistoric diet transitions : an archaeological perspective
- 1995
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study of prehistoric diet transitions within the Baltic area during the Stone Age. More specific the changes in diet expected to be found when hunter-gatherer subsistence is changed into a farming subsistence. This transition should be able to detect in the bone material as changes in trace element amounts and changes in stable isotopes.There is an advantage of using quantitative methods compared to qualitative ones when analysing diet patterns, where prehistoric bones have proven to be an excellent archive for long-term quantitatve dietary information.This study is based on analyses of stable isotopes and trace elements on more than 120 human bone samples originating from different geographical locations and different time periods. Collagen is the bone protein used for stable isotope analyses. The carbon in collagen originates from the proteins digested and will consequently provide dietary information. Thus it is important that the analysed carbon originates from collagen only. There are, however, other bone constituents that can confuse the measurements, e.g., lipids. They have a deviating isotope value and must be removed before isotope analysis.Another problem of using stable carbon isotopes as dietary indicator in the Baltic area has been the complicated natural history of the Baltic Sea. The varying marine influence has affected the isotopic signature, i.e., the marine end-value. However, as long as an end-value is determined at the specific time period of interest, the method works just as in the big oceans (but with a modified end-value).In this thesis the isotope studies were combined with trace element analysis of copper and zinc.The transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers is one of the most discussed topics in Stone Age archaeology. By using trace elements and stable isotopes it was shown that there was no general picture of the diet during the Stone Age. There was no temporal change, neither was there any correlation between diet and culture. The strongest correlation was instead between diet and geographical location, mostly coastal or inland.One hypotheses regarding the transition from hunter-gatherers to farmers is the stress hypothesis. This stipulates that sedentary hunter-fishing populations in northern Europe suffered from nutritional stress. Stable isotope analyses on a sedentary subneolithic Slone Age population from the Aland islands showed that they lived mainly on marine resources. However, from palaeopathological analyses on the skeletal material, it was concluded that this population did not show sufficient indications of stress to support the stress hypothesis.Some authors claim that high social complexity is a prerequisite for the introduction of farming. The erection of megaliths is a sign of such a high social complexity and has been suggested to have been built by a cereal cultivating population. Application of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes on two megalith populations (Rössberga, Västergötland, and Resmo, Öland) showed that the introduction of farming in this area was based on domesticated animals but with only a minor influence on cereals. A continued use of marine resources was apparent in the megalith population from coastal areas.Finally, a specialized utilization of crustaceans could be shown in settlements at, or nearby, a lagoon, as seen in the populations at Mesolithic Skateholm and at Neolithic Resmo.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Linderholm, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing mobility at the Neolithic/ Bronze Age transition – sulphur isotope evidence from Öland, Sweden
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Internet Archaeology. - : Council for British Archaeology. - 1363-5387. ; 37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this investigation is to look at the use of various aquatic, in this case marine, resources in relation to mobility during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. On the island of Öland, in the Baltic Sea, different archaeological cultures are represented in the form of material culture and skeletal remains at three sites. We have analysed δ34S values in human remains representing 36 individuals, as well as faunal remains. We investigated intra-individual patterns of mobility from childhood to adulthood, primarily focusing on a passage grave. Taking into account previously published dietary data that demonstrate a wide range of dietary practices involving aquatic resources, we applied a model to estimate the contribution of δ34S from terrestrial protein, to separate mobility from dietary changes, thereby identifying individuals who changed residence, as well as individuals with non-local origins. Evidence of mobility could be demonstrated at two sites. For the third site the consistently marine diet inhibits inferences on mobility based on δ34S analysis. Chronologically, the frequency of non-locals was highest during the Bronze Age, when the diet was very uniform and based on terrestrial resources.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lira, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
-
Ancient DNA reveals traces of Iberian Neolithic and Bronze Age lineages in modern Iberian horses
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 19:1, s. 64-78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple geographical regions have been proposed for the domestication of Equus caballus. It has been suggested, based on zooarchaeological and genetic analyses that wild horses from the Iberian Peninsula were involved in the process, and the overrepresentation of mitochondrial D1 cluster in modern Iberian horses supports this suggestion. To test this hypothesis, we analysed mitochondrial DNA from 22 ancient Iberian horse remains belonging to the Neolithic, the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, against previously published sequences. Only the medieval Iberian sequence appeared in the D1 group. Neolithic and Bronze Age sequences grouped in other clusters, one of which (Lusitano group C) is exclusively represented by modern horses of Iberian origin. Moreover, Bronze Age Iberian sequences displayed the lowest nucleotide diversity values when compared with modern horses, ancient wild horses and other ancient domesticates using nonparametric bootstrapping analyses. We conclude that the excessive clustering of Bronze Age horses in the Lusitano group C, the observed nucleotide diversity and the local continuity from wild Neolithic Iberian to modern Iberian horses, could be explained by the use of local wild mares during an early Iberian domestication or restocking event, whereas the D1 group probably was introduced into Iberia in later historical times.
|
|
| 25. |
- Piličiauskas, Gytis, et al.
(författare)
-
Strontium isotope analysis reveals prehistoric mobility patterns in the southeastern Baltic area
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured 87Sr/86Sr for all available human remains (n = 40) dating from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age (ca. 6400–800 cal BC) in Lithuania. In addition, local baselines of archaeological fauna from the same area were constructed. We identified significant and systematic offsets between 87Sr/86Sr values of modern soils and animals and archaeological animals due to currently unknown reasons. By comparing 87Sr/86Sr human intra-tooth variation with the local baselines, we identified 13 non-local individuals, accounting for 25–50% of the analysed population. We found no differences in the frequency of local vs. nonlocals between male and female hunter-gatherers. Six Mesolithic-Subneolithic individuals with 87Sr/86Sr values > 0.7200 may have come from southern Finland and/or Karelia. Two Mesolithic-Subneolithic individuals from the Donkalnis cemetery with 87Sr/86Sr values < 0.7120 likely came from the Lithuanian Baltic coast. These data demonstrate coastal-inland mobility of up to 85 km, which is also supported by archaeological evidence. The standard deviation in the intra-tooth 87Sr/86Sr indicates that mobility did not decrease with the adoption of pottery technology at ca. 5000 cal BC but rather slowly decreased during the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. We interpret this as a result of the introduction and subsequent intensification of farming. The least mobile way of life was practised by Subneolithic coastal communities during the 4th millennium cal BC, although 87Sr/86Sr do not exclude that they migrated along the coastline.
|
|
| 26. |
- Piličiauskienė, Giedrė, et al.
(författare)
-
The Origin of Late Roman Period-Post-Migration Period Lithuanian Horses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Heritage. - : MDPI AG. - 2571-9408. ; 5:1, s. 332-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present the 87Sr/86Sr data of 13 samples from horses from six Lithuanian burial sites dating from the 3rd to the 7th C AD. Alongside these data, we also publish the bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data of 15 Lithuanian archaeological sites, based on 41 animals which enabled the construction of a reliable baseline for the Southeast Baltic area. The 87Sr/86Sr values partially confirmed the hypothesis that the unusually large horses found in Late Roman Period to Post-Migration Period burials are of non-local origin. Of the three non-local horses identified, two were among the largest specimens. However, the overlap of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data across different European regions does not permit us to establish whether the non-local horses originated from other areas in Lithuania or from more distant regions. With regards to the 87Sr/86Sr data, the place of origin of the non-local horses could be Southern Sweden. This encourages discussions on the possible directions of migration and compels us to rethink the current models that posit South and Central Europe as the main sources of migration. The results of the 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C, and δ15N analyses demonstrate that horses buried in the same cemetery had different mobility and feeding patterns. Differences could be due to the different function and sex of the horses as well as the lifestyle of their owners. The most sedentary horses were pregnant mares, while the extremely high δ15N of three horses may reflect additional fodder and probably a better diet.
|
|
| 27. |
- Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
-
The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 186:1, s. 32-46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a 2,000-year genetic transect through Scandinavia spanning the Iron Age to the present, based on 48 new and 249 published ancient genomes and genotypes from 16,638 modern individuals. We find regional variation in the timing and magnitude of gene flow from three sources: the eastern Baltic, the British-Irish Isles, and southern Europe. British-Irish ancestry was widespread in Scandinavia from the Viking period, whereas eastern Baltic ancestry is more localized to Gotland and central Sweden. In some regions, a drop in current levels of external ancestry suggests that ancient immigrants contributed proportionately less to the modern Scandinavian gene pool than indicated by the ancestry of genomes from the Viking and Medieval periods. Finally, we show that a north-south genetic cline that characterizes modern Scandinavians is mainly due to the differential levels of Uralic ancestry and that this cline existed in the Viking Age and possibly earlier.
|
|
| 28. |
- Skar, Birgitte, et al.
(författare)
-
A submerged Mesolithic grave site reveals remains of the first Norwegian seal hunters
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Ventures. - Sheffield : Equinox Publishing. - 9781781791363 - 9781781793879 ; , s. 225-239
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submerged Mesolithic settlement sites and graves have shown to provide repositories of well-preserved organic remains particularly in the Baltic Sea region. Although marine Stone Age archaeology In Norway is in its infancy it has already led to discoveries that shed new light on Middle Mesolithic livelihood and death, so far unknown from the terrestrial archaeological record. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) analyzed from individuals from submerged burials on the Hummervikholmen site in southern Norway reveal that the deceased had lived off a diet consisting of more than 80% marine protein from the highest trophic level. The find circumstances of the three to five individuals, found west of Kristiansand, confirm the existence of a Middle Mesolithic burial tradition and indicate that this hunter-gatherer population in southern Norway possessed boat technology. The finds highlight a period during the Middle Mesolithic of Norway where cultural change so far has only been indicated in the lithic technology.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Väre, Tiina, et al.
(författare)
-
Breastfeeding in low-income families of the turn of the 19th-century town of Rauma, Southwestern Finland, according to stable isotope analyses of archaeological teeth
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore breastfeeding practices among low-income families in the late 18th to early 19th-century town of Rauma in Southwestern Finland. The breastfeeding practices in the area of the current nation of Finland (at the time belonging to first Sweden and then Russia) had been under debate. While in certain regions artificial infant feeding was common and was linked to high infant mortality, breastfeeding was also known to be practiced in certain regions of Finland. To explore this, we analyzed the δ15N and δ13C values in collagen of horizontally cut dentin segments of permanent first molars (M1; n = 7) collected from 19th century human skeletal remains from the deconsecrated Holy Trinity churchyard excavated in 2016. The resulting isotopic profiles were similarly patterned across the seven individuals. The emerging pattern revealed a period of exclusive breastfeeding during approximately the first six months of life, followed by weaning until the latter half of the second year. We further investigated diet during mid-childhood by comparing the stable isotope ratios in collagen of the M1 and premolar roots. This comparison suggested that the mid-childhood diets may have contained more plant-based foods than those consumed earlier in childhood.
|
|
| 31. |
- Warming, Rolf Fabricius, et al.
(författare)
-
Gripen/Griphund (1495) : Marinarkeologisk dokumentation av ett senmedeltida kravellskepp
- 2024. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Blekinge skärgård vid Stora Ekön ligger på knappt tio meters djup vraket efter den danske unionskungen Hans skepp. Fartyget som av sin samtid kallades Gripen och även vid några tillfällen Griphund förliste år 1495 efter en brand ombord när hon låg för ankar. Södertörns högskola har bedrivit marinarkeologiska undersökningar på platsen sedan 2013 och denna rapport redogör för fortsatt dokumentation av vraket under 2023 tillsammans med Stockholms universitet. Huvudsyftet med insatsen var att studera överbyggnaden på skeppet för att förstå hur fartyget fungerade i strid med speciellt fokus på knektarnas roll ombord och deras samspel med den befintliga vapenteknologin.Rapporten innehåller även en omfattande analys av tidigare bärgade delar från ringvävnadsplagg samt synpunkter på vrakets bevarandestatus. Gripen/Griphund utgör som skeppskonstruktion samt med vapnen och föremålen ombord ett unikt exempel på ett kungligt skepp från slutet av medeltiden. Det är en representant för de nya kravellbyggda skepp som tillsammans med sina furstar var med och bidrog till den tidigmoderna samhällsförändringen.
|
|
| 32. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
-
Keeping it together: Animal glues and the effects on strontium isotopes and concentration
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consolidants and adhesives are used in museum settings to preserve and adhere various archaeological materials. The goals of conserving materials are to ensure that a material can undergo future analysis and not damage the material. However, different consolidants and adhesives might cause alterations in the biogenic isotopic data, which is problematic as different isotopes shed light on the materials age, dietary and/or migration patterns. However, not every consolidant and adhesive affects the same isotopes. For this study, the authors have used animal-based glues with known 87Sr/86Sr isotopes and have found that these forms of glues cause issues during analysis.
|
|
| 33. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
-
On the road again—a review of pretreatment methods for the decontamination of skeletal materials for strontium isotopic and concentration analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 14:3
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strontium isotopic and concentration results from archeological skeletons have proved useful in demonstrating human and animal mobility patterns, and dietary life-history. This initiated the movement from proxies to answer these questions. However, there remains an issue as to whether the produced isotopic and concentration values are those accumulated by an individual during life and not an analytical artifact or the result of remaining diagenetic material or other forms of contamination. Over the last 40 years, there have been a variety of protocols used with varying success to remove contaminants prior to analysis, as well as a movement from bone analysis to solely enamel. This review covers the evolution of pretreatment protocols, the role of technological advances in producing accurate and precise results, and a discussion of best practices. Archeological case studies will demonstrate the evolution of these topics as well as their limitations and potential.
|
|
| 34. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, 1990-
(författare)
-
Our Bones, who art contaminated : Glues, strontium isotopes, and mobility in early Swedish Christians
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to build upon previous research into contamination and its effects on isotopes by focusing on the strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr), which is used in mobility studies to study the movements of past humans and animals and to build past economic trading networks. Contamination is a broad topic, and in the scope of this thesis, it concerns the introduction of contaminants from the soil after interment and the post-excavation preservation efforts. Due to these effects, this thesis analyzed three types of adhesives and consolidants that were or are still in use. These include strontium-containing glues, specifically animal-based glues, as well as “Karlsons klister,” which was identified as polyvinyl acetate, and epoxy resins. The latter are used to stabilize and mount small materials, such as otoliths. In addition, this thesis aims to focus on the methodological development of pretreatment methods for bones, using the Swedish Early Christians as a focus and comparing the results to the tooth enamel of the same individuals.The Christianization period in Sweden overlaps the Late Viking Age and the Early Medieval period, between the 8th and the 11th centuries. This period saw dynamic changes, which initiated the movement of people to Christianized areas. Two sites were the primary focus of this thesis, Varnhem in southwestern Sweden, which contains one of the earliest Christian communities in Sweden, and Västerhus, a well-studied site in northern Sweden, which was constructed during a period of rapid infrastructure growth. These two sites not only differ in period of use, and cemetery size, but also in regard to whether individuals were local or non-local based on their 87Sr/86Sr results. In addition, this thesis introduces the differences in individual diets using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. Four experiments were conducted for this thesis: two were manual contamination experiments on uncontaminated modern skeletal tissues, horse bone and cod otoliths, which were contaminated with animal-based glues and epoxy resin, respectively. These experiments tested the effects of the contamination on the biogenic 87Sr/86Sr values. The final two experiments focused on the two early Christian sites and evaluated these individuals' mobility using their enamel and bone. The enamel recorded the intra-individual strontium consumption during tooth formation so that they could be aged to site arrival. The bones from these sites were tested for diagenesis, and the coating on the Västerhus bones was identified. Then the efficacy of two pretreatment methods was tested against these types of contamination.The adhesives produced varying effects on the 87Sr/86Sr values. The strontium-containing glues affected the biogenic values of the horse bone, the resin did not appear to affect the otolith values, and the “Karlsons klister” did not appear to affect the 87Sr/86Sr values in the Västerhus bones. Neither the ashing nor the washing method effectively removed the contamination from the animal-based glues; however, it did appear to affect the values in the diagenetically altered bones.
|
|
| 35. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
-
They came from far and wide – strontium isotope analysis of the individuals buried at the early Christian site of Varnhem in southwestern Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Christianization of Sweden (8th–11th centuries) was a period of political, social, and religious 3 change, and it implies a period of movement and mobility. Recent excavations at the Varnhem 4 estate church grounds (Kata Gård), originally built around AD 1000 in Västergötland, Sweden, 5 have yielded information about this period. This study uses strontium isotopes to investigate the 6 lives of these early Christians buried at Varnhem and determine who the non-locals were. Our 7 results indicate that a large part of the adult population was non-local and had spent their 8 childhoods in other geological areas, whereas the children had local strontium isotope signatures.
|
|
| 36. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
-
What were they eating at Varnhem? Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of an early Christian burial ground in southwestern Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden saw political, social, and religious changes during the 8th–11th centuries in connection to the conversion to Christianity. It was during this period that the social elite began building farm churches to serve their local communities. The private estate church at Kata Gård in Varnhem, province of Västergötland, Sweden, is one of the earliest examples. Previous analyses of osteology, strontium isotopes and DNA have provided insight into the life-histories of the individuals buried here. Here, palaeodietary analysis using stable carbon (δ13C), and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes demonstrate that the individuals at the site had a heterogenous terrestrial diet with aquatic influences with differences between high status males and the rest of the population.
|
|
| 37. |
- Webb, Emily C., et al.
(författare)
-
Compound-specific amino acid isotopic proxies for detecting freshwater resource consumption
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 63, s. 104-114
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of central importance to palaeodietary reconstruction is a clear understanding of relative contributions of different terrestrial (i.e., C3 vs. C4 plants) and aquatic (i.e., freshwater vs. marine) resources to human diet. There are, however, significant limitations associated with the ability to reconstruct palaeodiet using bulk collagen stable isotope compositions in regions where diverse dietary resources are available. Recent research has determined that carbon-isotope analysis of individual amino acids has considerable potential to elucidate dietary protein source where bulk isotopic compositions cannot. Using δ13CAA values for human and faunal remains from Zvejnieki, Latvia (8th – 3rd millennia BCE), we test several isotopic proxies focused on distinguishing freshwater protein consumption from both plant-derived and marine protein consumption. We determined that the Δ13CGly-Phe and Δ13CVal-Phe proxies can effectively discriminate between terrestrial and aquatic resource consumption, and the relationship between essential δ13CAA values and the Δ13CGly-Phe and Δ13CVal-Phe proxies can differentiate among the four protein consumption groups tested here. Compound-specific amino acid carbon-isotope dietary proxies thus enable an enhanced understanding of diet and resource exploitation in the past, and can elucidate complex dietary behaviour.
|
|
| 38. |
- Webb, Emily C., et al.
(författare)
-
Compound-specific amino acid isotopic proxies for distinguishing between terrestrial and aquatic resource consumption
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 10:1, s. 1-18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compound-specific amino acid carbon-isotope compositions have shown particular promise for elucidating dietary behaviors in complex environmental contexts, and may also be able to mitigate the effect of many of the limitations inherent to palaeodietary reconstructions. Here, we investigate the efficacy of compound-specific amino acid isotopic proxies in characterizing the consumption of different dietary protein sources using amino acid carbon-isotope compositions for humans and fauna from Rössberga (Early to Middle Neolithic), Köpingsvik (Mesolithic and Middle Neolithic), and Visby (Medieval Period), Sweden. We also assess the explanatory capabilities of an isotopic mixing model when used with essential amino acid carbon-isotope compositions of humans and local fauna. All three isotopic proxies distinguished among humans from the three sites consistently and informatively, and were able to enhance the broad interpretations made using bulk isotopic compositions. The mixing model palaeodietary reconstruction revealed considerable diversity in relative protein source contributions among individuals at both Köpingsvik and Visby. Comparing the mixing model for bulk carbon- and nitrogen-isotope compositions to the model for essential amino acid isotopic compositions further demonstrated the likelihood of underestimation and overestimation of marine protein consumption for both aquatic-dominant and mixed marine-terrestrial diets when using bulk isotopic compositions.
|
|
