| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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MAX-IV Design: Pushing the Envelope
- 2007
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In: 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference, vols 1-11. - 9781424409167 ; , s. 1277-1279
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The proposed MAX IV facility is meant as a successor to the existing MAX-lab. The accelerator part will consist of three storage rings, two new ones operated at 3 and 1.5 GeV respectively and the existing 700 MeV MAX III ring. The two new rings have identical lattices and are placed on top of each other. Both these rings have a very small emittance, 0.86 and 0.4 nm rad respectively, and offer synchrotron radiation of very high mean brilliance. As an injector, a 3 GeV linear accelerator is planned. The design philosophy and the special technical solutions called for are presented in this paper.
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| 3. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2007. Subreport 4: Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS)
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) is an anionic sufactant mainly used in laundry- and dishwashing detergents and lubricant additives. The annual amount used in Sweden is about 900 tonnes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL has performed a screening study of LAS. The overall objective of the screening was to determine concentrations in a variety of media in the Swedish environment.
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| 4. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening ProgrammeSubreport 3: Pigments
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As an assignment from the Swedish EPA, IVL and NILU has during 2007/2008 developed analyticalmethods and performed a “Screening Study” of selected pigments. Since no previous measures ofpigments in the Swedish environment have been made, the overall objective of the screening was todetermine if the selected pigments are present, and if so, determine their concentrations in a variety ofmedia in the Swedish environment. In total, 51 samples were analysed representing soil, surface water,sediment, biota (fish), sludge and influent and effluent water from municipal STPs, storm water,leachate water and leachate water sludge from landfills, effluent water from public laundries, andprocess water and sludge from a deinking plant treating recycled paper. The pigments included in thestudy were Pigment yellow 1, Pigment orange 5, Pigment red 53:1 and Pigment red 170. All fourpigments were found in influent waters from the municipal STPs, but only Pigment red 53:1 could befound in the effluent water and this only in one out of four samples. Three of the pigments, Pigmentred 53:1, red 170 and yellow 1, could also be found in sludge. Thus removal of the pigments takes placeduring the waste water treatment process. All four Pigments could also be found in storm watersamples from the city of Stockholm. Diffuse emissions from the society thus do occur. Two of thepigments, Pigment red 53:1 and Pigment red 170, could be found in sediment samples from the city ofStockholm and from the recipient of one of the STPs. All four pigments could be found in effluentwater from a public laundry and in samples from different process stages of the deinking of recycledpaper in a paper mill. This indicates that textiles and paper products may be sources to the diffuseemissions seen. None of the pigments could be detected in the samples from background areas.Emissions in and transport to rural areas thus seems to be minor
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| 5. |
- Kaj, Lennart, et al.
(author)
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Results from the SwedishNational ScreeningProgramme 2007Subreport 4: Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)
- 2007
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate) is an anionic sufactant mainly used in laundry- and dishwashingdetergents and lubricant additives. The annual amount used in Sweden is about 900 tonnes. As anassignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, IVL has performed a screeningstudy of LAS. The overall objective of the screening was to determine concentrations in a variety ofmedia in the Swedish environment. A national sampling program (50 samples) was combined withan extensive regional program administered by eight county administarive boards (72 samples).Sample types were waste water, sludge, storm water, ground water, surface water, soil and sediment.LAS was not found in surface waters, sediments or soil from background areas.LAS was found in the influents to all investigated sewage treatment plants (STPs). The medianconcentration was 360 µg/l. LAS was also found in all effluent waters from STPs. The medianconcentration was 2.7 µg/l. In 19 pairs of influent/effluent waters the removal efficiency was 95 -99.9%. The median concentration in sludge was 670 mg/kg DW. As an average 33% of the LASentering STPs ended up in sludge.LAS was found in traffic related storm waters (0.2 – 6 µg/l) and land fill lechates (0.58 – 1.2 µg/l).Sediments from the urban area Stockholm were contaminated with LAS (360 – 1 600 ng/g DW).Commercial LAS consists of a mixture of chain lengths ranging from C10 to C14. An alteration inthe distribution of chain lengths were noticed depending of sample types.The concentrations of LAS measured in sediments from recipients and urban areas (270-1 600ng/g DW) are lower than the PNEC-values, 8 100 ng/g DW and 4 900 ng/g DW for fresh watersediments and marine sediments respectively, found in the literature (Chapter 2.2). However, thesevalues have been derived from limited sets of data and some studies indicate that they might not beprotective.The concentrations of LAS found in surface waters from urban areas and industrial recipients werelower than reported PNEC-values derived from extensive sets of toxicity data. Thus, LAS is notexpected to cause adverse effects in the water phase of the recipients.
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| 6. |
- Lilja, Karl, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme. Subreport 3: Pigments
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL has performed a 'screening study' of the ester octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate on commission from the Swedish EPA. The objectives of the screening were to determine if octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate is present in different matrices in the Swedish environment, and if so, at what concentrations. In total 64 samples were analysed representing soil, surface water, sediment, biota (fish), influent and effluent waters and sludge from STPs, storm waters, and leachate water and sludge from landfills. Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate was found in all analysed STP sludge samples. It was also found in all analysed influent water samples, but concentrations were generally lower or below the detection limit in effluent water. Thus, removal of the substance from the water phase takes place during the waste water treatment process, plausible by absorption to sludge. Concentrations in the same range as in influent waters or higher was also found in the storm water samples. The chemical could also be detected just above the detection limit in two out of three fish samples, but not in soil, surface water or sediment from the city of Stockholm. Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate could not be detected in any of the samples from background areas. All together, this screening study shows that diffuse emissions of octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate in the urban environment take place, resulting in exposure to and uptake in biota. Due to the limited ecotoxicological data available, it is not possible to determine the risk of its presence in the environment, but based on animal studies the chemical is considered to have a low hazard potential for human health.
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| 7. |
- Lilja, Karl, et al.
(author)
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Screening study on occurrence of hazardous substances in the eastern Baltic Sea
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- IVL and NILU have during 2008/2009 as an assignment from HELCOM, performed a screening study in the eastern Baltic Sea environment on the occurrence of eight of the substances/substance groups identified as hazardous under the Baltic Sea Action Plan. Of the eight substances or substance classes included in the study, six of them were found above LOQ; organic tin compounds, PBDEs, PFAS, nonylphenol, chlorinated paraffins and endosulfan (endosulfan sulphate). Substances that occurred in fish samples from all sampling sites were; TBT, PBDEs (BDE 47 and BDE 100), PFAS (PFOS), chlorinated paraffins (SCCP), and endosulfan (endosulfan sulphate). Additionally, bisphenol A was found in fish from almost all sampling sites. PFAS (PFOS and PFOA), octyphenol and nonylphenol were found in one, one and six water samples, respectively. No obvious differences in concentrations could be seen between the sampling sites classified as background areas and affected areas. Furthermore, no clear general differences between affected sites could be seen. Concentrations found for the different substances were lower or in the same range as previously reported from other areas of the Baltic Sea, thus the eastern Baltic Sea environment does not seem to be more polluted compared to the Baltic Sea in general. For all the substances, except TBT, concentrations found were below reported PNEC values. However, for TBT, concentrations in several fish muscle samples were close to or above the PNEC value estimated for protection of human health considering consumption of fishery products. Additionally, PFOS levels in fish liver exceeded the PNEC value regarding secondary poisoning of predators in six samples, but PFOS levels in fish muscle were not measured in this study.
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| 8. |
- Lilja, Mikael, 1953-, et al.
(author)
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Trends in obesity and its distribution : data from the Northern Sweden MONICA survey, 1986–2004
- 2008
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In: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 16:5, s. 1120-1128
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Obesity, especially abdominal, is a risk factor for many diseases. This study explored trends in theprevalence of general and abdominal obesity, 1986–2004, in northern Sweden. Methods and Procedures: Cross-sectional population surveys were performed in 1986, 1990, 1994, 1999, and 2004;250 men and 250 women aged 25−34, 35−44, 45−54, and 55−64 years (from 1994, also 65−74 years) were randomlyselected; the overall participation rate was 77%. Anthropometric data were used. Results: Weight and BMI increased in all men, most significantly in men aged 25−64 years (P < 0.0005). Weightincreased in women aged 25−64 years (P < 0.005) and BMI in women aged 25−44 years (P < 0.005). Prevalence ofobesity (BMI≥ 30) increased significantly in men aged 25−44 and 55−74 years (P < 0.005; for men 65−74 years old,P< 0.05) and in women aged 25−44 years (P < 0.005). Waist circumference decreased significantly between 1986and 1990 in all women (P < 0.005) and in men aged 55−64 years (P < 0.05). After 1990 waist circumference increased, most markedly so in women; by 2004 circumference measurements for women, and for men aged 55−64 years, were equal to those of 1986, while for men aged 25−54 years they were higher. Prevalence of abdominal obesity has increased since 1990, most markedly so in women aged 45−64 years (P < 0.0005). Discussion: The rapid increase in both general and central obesity raises concern for the future; increasing abdominalobesity in women is particularly alarming.
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| 9. |
- Remberger, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2008. Sub-report 2. Biocides: Glutaraldehyde
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- As an assignment from the Swedish EPA, IVL has during 2008/2009 performed a 'Screening Study' of glutaraldehyde. In addition, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were also measured. In Sweden the major usage of glutaraldehyde is as a slimicide in the paper and pulp industry. The compound is also used as a disinfectant in hospitals, as a biocide for water treatment in water recirculating systems and off-shore operations, in the petroleum industry, in the live stock and aquaculture industries, as a fixative in histology, as hardener in x-ray film processing, for tanning of leather, and also in cosmetics. The compund has high water solubility, is reactive and is of low persistence. It is not expected to accumulate in soil, sediment or biota. Thus in the environment, water is the compartment that may be of concern. In previous studies, glutaraldehyde has been found in air and effluent water sampled at hospitals, and in water from pulp and paper industry. A sampling program was developed based on usage pattern, chemical properties and fate, and results from previous studies. It included samples from the vicinity of potential point sources, samples representing diffuse emission pathways, and samples from background areas. Glutaraldehyde could only be found in samples associated with the identified point sources related to the usage of the compound, i.e. in effluent water from a paper mill and in air and effluent water from an hospital. It could however not be found in samples from potential point sources representing the end of product life cycles, i.e. air and water from recycling companies or leachate water from a landfill. Further, it could not be found in samples representing diffuse sources or background areas. Glutaraldehyde may thus affect the environment at the site of usage, but the results indicate a low potential for dispersal in the environment. Concentrations found were below toxicity values found in the literature. Thus, all together glutaraldehyde does not appear to pose a risk to the environment.
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| 10. |
- Vestergaard, H, et al.
(author)
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Insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in response to pioglitazone treatment di er between patients with type 2 diabetes with and without the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR 2 gene
- 2007
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In: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X. ; 50:S1, s. S357-S358
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and Aims: To evaluate the possible modifying e ect of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gene (PPARG) polymorphism on the e ciency of pioglitazone (Actos®) treatment with regard to glycaemic control in both men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Results: There were 248 patients with the Pro12Pro genotype and 78 with the Pro12Ala genotype, no di erence between females and males (p=0.78). HbA1c decreased signicantly between visits, in both females and males (p<0.001).Materials and Methods: A total of 326 patients with T2D, in a normal clinical practice setting, were treated with pioglitazone at the dose of 15–30 mg/day for 26 weeks, added to existing oral anti-diabetic medication. All were genotyped for the Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG. Insulin resistance and -cell function was calculated using HOMA model. Results: Tere were 248 patients with the Pro12Pro genotype and 78 with the Pro12Ala genotype, no difference between females and males (p=0.78). HbA1c decreased signicantly between visits, in both females and males (p<0.001).The difference between visits across gender depended on genotype, with a signicantly larger decrease in the Pro12Pro genotype (p=0.026). Insulin resistance fell signicantly across gender and genotype between visits (p< 0.001), but the change across gender was signi cantly greater for the Pro12Pro genotype (p=0.034), compared to baseline. Conclusion: In patients with T2D, the effects of pioglitazone treatment on metabolic control and insulin sensitivity may vary dependent on the wild type Pro12Pro variant of the PPAR gene. erefore, assessment of the Pro12Pro variant may in future prove to have clinical signi cance in the identi cation of patients with T2D who will bene t from pioglitazone treatment. Supported by Eli Lilly and Company
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Woldegiorgis, Andreas, et al.
(author)
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Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2007. Subreport 1: Amines
- 2008
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Amines are important chemicals that are being used in a vast number of chemical processes. As an assignment from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, a screening study of a selected number of amines has been performed. The overall objective of the screening was to determine the concentrations of amines in a variety of media in the Swedish environment.
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