| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 2. |
- Armesto, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC-Last call for predictions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 35:5, s. 054001-
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This writeup is a compilation of the predictions for the forthcoming Heavy Ion Program at the Large Hadron Collider, as presented at the CERN Theory Institute 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held from 14th May to 10th June 2007.
|
|
| 3. |
- Amsler, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Review of particle physics
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 667:1-5, s. 1-1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
|
|
| 4. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
|
|
| 5. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kaput, J, et al.
(författare)
-
The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health
- 2005
-
Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 94:5, s. 623-632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene–nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need for new methodologies and the use of comprehensive analyses of nutrient–genotype interactions involving large and diverse populations. The objective of the present paper is to stimulate discourse and collaboration among nutrigenomic researchers and stakeholders, a process that will lead to an increase in global health and wellness by reducing health disparities in developed and developing countries.
|
|
| 8. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ding, Li, et al.
(författare)
-
Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 455:7216, s. 1069-1075
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining the genetic basis of cancer requires comprehensive analyses of large collections of histopathologically well-classified primary tumours. Here we report the results of a collaborative study to discover somatic mutations in 188 human lung adenocarcinomas. DNA sequencing of 623 genes with known or potential relationships to cancer revealed more than 1,000 somatic mutations across the samples. Our analysis identified 26 genes that are mutated at significantly high frequencies and thus are probably involved in carcinogenesis. The frequently mutated genes include tyrosine kinases, among them the EGFR homologue ERBB4; multiple ephrin receptor genes, notably EPHA3; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR; and NTRK genes. These data provide evidence of somatic mutations in primary lung adenocarcinoma for several tumour suppressor genes involved in other cancers--including NF1, APC, RB1 and ATM--and for sequence changes in PTPRD as well as the frequently deleted gene LRP1B. The observed mutational profiles correlate with clinical features, smoking status and DNA repair defects. These results are reinforced by data integration including single nucleotide polymorphism array and gene expression array. Our findings shed further light on several important signalling pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma, and suggest new molecular targets for treatment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Yoo, S. J. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Spectral phase encoded time spread optical code division multiple access technology for next generation communication networks Invited
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Optical Networking. - 1536-5379. ; 6:10, s. 1210-1227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We overview and summarize the progress of the spectral phase encoded time spreading (SPECTS) optical code division multiple access (O-CDMA) technology. Recent progress included a demonstration of a 320 Gbit/s (32-user x 10 Gbit/s) all-optical passive optical network testbed based on the SPECTS O-CDMA technology and a theoretical prediction of the spectral efficiency at 100% and above. In particular, InP-based integrated photonics allows implementation of SPECTS O-CDMA transmitters and receivers monolithically integrated on a chip. The integrated InP chip technology not only allows robust and compact configurations for practical and low-cost O-CDMA network deployments but also offers code reconfigurations at rapid rates for secure communication applications.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Butler, Geraldine, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 459:7247, s. 657-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report the genome sequences of six Candida species and compare these and related pathogens and non-pathogens. There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts are homozygous in three diploid species, possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components of the mating and meiosis pathways are missing from several species. These include major differences at the mating-type loci (MTL); Lodderomyces elongisporus lacks MTL, and components of the a1/2 cell identity determinant were lost in other species, raising questions about how mating and cell types are controlled. Analysis of the CUG leucine-to-serine genetic-code change reveals that 99% of ancestral CUG codons were erased and new ones arose elsewhere. Lastly, we revise the Candida albicans gene catalogue, identifying many new genes.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Elsik, Christine G., et al.
(författare)
-
The Genome Sequence of Taurine Cattle : A Window to Ruminant Biology and Evolution
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 324:5926, s. 522-528
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the biology and evolution of ruminants, the cattle genome was sequenced to about sevenfold coverage. The cattle genome contains a minimum of 22,000 genes, with a core set of 14,345 orthologs shared among seven mammalian species of which 1217 are absent or undetected in noneutherian (marsupial or monotreme) genomes. Cattle-specific evolutionary breakpoint regions in chromosomes have a higher density of segmental duplications, enrichment of repetitive elements, and species-specific variations in genes associated with lactation and immune responsiveness. Genes involved in metabolism are generally highly conserved, although five metabolic genes are deleted or extensively diverged from their human orthologs. The cattle genome sequence thus provides a resource for understanding mammalian evolution and accelerating livestock genetic improvement for milk and meat production.
|
|
| 17. |
- Euskirchen, Ghia M, et al.
(författare)
-
Mapping of transcription factor binding regions in mammalian cells by ChIP : comparison of array- and sequencing-based technologies.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Genome Research. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 1088-9051 .- 1549-5469. ; 17:6, s. 898-909
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent progress in mapping transcription factor (TF) binding regions can largely be credited to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technologies. We compared strategies for mapping TF binding regions in mammalian cells using two different ChIP schemes: ChIP with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) and ChIP with DNA sequencing (ChIP-PET). We first investigated parameters central to obtaining robust ChIP-chip data sets by analyzing STAT1 targets in the ENCODE regions of the human genome, and then compared ChIP-chip to ChIP-PET. We devised methods for scoring and comparing results among various tiling arrays and examined parameters such as DNA microarray format, oligonucleotide length, hybridization conditions, and the use of competitor Cot-1 DNA. The best performance was achieved with high-density oligonucleotide arrays, oligonucleotides >/=50 bases (b), the presence of competitor Cot-1 DNA and hybridizations conducted in microfluidics stations. When target identification was evaluated as a function of array number, 80%-86% of targets were identified with three or more arrays. Comparison of ChIP-chip with ChIP-PET revealed strong agreement for the highest ranked targets with less overlap for the low ranked targets. With advantages and disadvantages unique to each approach, we found that ChIP-chip and ChIP-PET are frequently complementary in their relative abilities to detect STAT1 targets for the lower ranked targets; each method detected validated targets that were missed by the other method. The most comprehensive list of STAT1 binding regions is obtained by merging results from ChIP-chip and ChIP-sequencing. Overall, this study provides information for robust identification, scoring, and validation of TF targets using ChIP-based technologies.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Garcia-Closas, Montserrat, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterogeneity of breast cancer associations with five susceptibility loci by clinical and pathological characteristics
- 2008
-
Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 4:4, s. e1000054-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A three-stage genome-wide association study recently identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five loci (fibroblast growth receptor 2 (FGFR2), trinucleotide repeat containing 9 (TNRC9), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 K1 (MAP3K1), 8q24, and lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1)) associated with breast cancer risk. We investigated whether the associations between these SNPs and breast cancer risk varied by clinically important tumor characteristics in up to 23,039 invasive breast cancer cases and 26,273 controls from 20 studies. We also evaluated their influence on overall survival in 13,527 cases from 13 studies. All participants were of European or Asian origin. rs2981582 in FGFR2 was more strongly related to ER-positive (per-allele OR (95%CI) = 1.31 (1.27-1.36)) than ER-negative (1.08 (1.03-1.14)) disease (P for heterogeneity = 10(-13)). This SNP was also more strongly related to PR-positive, low grade and node positive tumors (P = 10(-5), 10(-8), 0.013, respectively). The association for rs13281615 in 8q24 was stronger for ER-positive, PR-positive, and low grade tumors (P = 0.001, 0.011 and 10(-4), respectively). The differences in the associations between SNPs in FGFR2 and 8q24 and risk by ER and grade remained significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons and after adjustment for other tumor characteristics. Three SNPs (rs2981582, rs3803662, and rs889312) showed weak but significant associations with ER-negative disease, the strongest association being for rs3803662 in TNRC9 (1.14 (1.09-1.21)). rs13281615 in 8q24 was associated with an improvement in survival after diagnosis (per-allele HR = 0.90 (0.83-0.97). The association was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for known prognostic factors. Our findings show that common genetic variants influence the pathological subtype of breast cancer and provide further support for the hypothesis that ER-positive and ER-negative disease are biologically distinct. Understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer may ultimately result in improvements in prevention, early detection, and treatment.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Jiang, N, et al.
(författare)
-
Initiation of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis is associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:5, s. 423-428
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the original PD form. However, glucose uptake from the peritoneal cavity may contribute to dysmetabolism. <i>Methods:</i> We retrospectively assessed metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in 195 non-diabetic incident PD patients at baseline and after 34.3 (20.5–60.0) months of PD. MS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. <i>Results:</i> While 22.1% of the patients met MS criteria at baseline, 69.2% (p < 0.01) exhibited MS during PD. MS burden increased significantly after PD (p < 0.01). The disorder BMI and lipids, and MS components number, correlated with peritoneal glucose exposure and PD duration (p < 0.05). In Cox analysis, age, BMI, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP) and glucose exposure were all independently associated with MS development. <i>Conclusions:</i> PD commencement in end-stage renal disease patients was associated with an increased MS prevalence. High glucose exposure and long PD duration were associated with MS existence, along with old age, high BMI, triglyceride and CRP.
|
|
| 22. |
- Kaczmarczyk, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Comprehensive study of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by means of complementary methods
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5107. ; 165:1-2, s. 98-102
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural, optical, and electronic properties of self-organized InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence measurements (PL), and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). We found that a well defined group of QDs with low size dispersion as revealed by AFM maintains its properties in PL spectra even if the QDs are covered by GaAs. Two well separated emission lines attributed to the QD-related ground- and excited-state transitions. respectively are found in the PL spectra. Contrary to the optical picture of a characteristic simplicity, DLTS spectra are found with higher complexity. This is due to combined thermal/tunneling processes and multi-particle emission. Despite the relatively good understanding of optical and electrical properties of QDs in PL and DLTS, respectively, there are still discrepancies between electrical and optical data for the energy of the QD ground states, which need more investigations to be explained.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Koethe, T. C., et al.
(författare)
-
Transfer of spectral weight and symmetry across the metal-insulator transition in VO2
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a detailed study of the valence and conduction bands of VO2 across the metal-insulator transition using bulk-sensitive photoelectron and O K x-ray absorption spectroscopies. We observe a giant transfer of spectral weight with distinct features that require an explanation which goes beyond the Peierls transition model as well as the standard single-band Hubbard model. Analysis of the symmetry and energies of the bands reveals the decisive role of the V 3d orbital degrees of freedom. Comparison to recent realistic many body calculations shows that much of the k dependence of the self-energy correction can be cast within a dimer model.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Lin, Chi-lou, et al.
(författare)
-
Galectin-3 Targeted Therapy with a Small Molecule Inhibitor Activates Apoptosis and Enhances Both Chemosensitivity and Radiosensitivity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1557-3125. ; 7:10, s. 1655-1662
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although most patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have favorable outcomes, some have advanced PTC that is refractory to external beam radiation and systemic chemotherapy. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with antiapoptotic activity that is consistently overexpressed in PTC. The purpose of this study is to determine if Gal-3 inhibition promotes apoptosis, chemosensitivity, and radiosensitivity in PTC. PTC cell lines (8505-C and TPC-1) and human ex vivo PTC were treated with a highly specific small molecule inhibitor of Gal-3 (Td131_1). Apoptotic activity was determined by flow cytometric analysis as well as caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Td131_1 and doxorubicin were determined, and their combined effects were measured to test for synergistic activity. The effects of Td131_1 on radiosensitivity were determined by a clonogenic assay. Td131_1 promoted apoptosis, improved radiosensitivity, and synergistically enhanced chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in PTC cell lines. In PTC ex vivo, Td131_1 treatment alone induced the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Td131_1 and doxorubicin together activated apoptosis in PTC ex vivo to a greater degree than their combined individual effects. Td131_1 activated apoptosis and had synergistic activity with doxorubicin in PTC. We conclude that Gal-3 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced PTC that is refractory to surgery and radioactive iodine therapy. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(10):1655-62)
|
|
| 27. |
- Lin, Cindy Shin-Yi, et al.
(författare)
-
Axonal changes in spinal cord injured patients distal to the site of injury.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 130:Pt 4, s. 985-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally assumed that the peripheral nervous system remains intact following a spinal injury. Accordingly, the electrical thresholds of motor axons in a peripheral nerve below the lesion should be similar to those in intact subjects. Yet in attempts to enter the common peroneal nerve with microelectrodes in 24 quadriplegic or paraplegic individuals it was often found that electrical stimulation over or within the nerve failed to elicit contractions in the pre-tibial flexors. To investigate whether consistent changes in axonal physiology occurred distal to the site of injury in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), motor nerve excitability was formally tested in 15 of these patients. Threshold tracking techniques were used to measure axonal excitability parameters (stimulus-response curves, strength-duration properties, threshold electrotonus, a current-threshold relationship and the recovery cycle) of motor axons in the median and common peroneal nerves. In these patients motor axons were uniformly of high threshold and consequently, stimulus-response curves were shifted to the right. In some SCI patients, axons were completely inexcitable. Amplitudes of compound motor action potentials were reduced, consistent with axonal loss and strength-duration time constant was significantly reduced in SCI patients (SCI 0.13 +/- 0.02 ms, controls 0.43 +/- 0.02 ms, mean +/- SE, P < 0.0001). Excitability changes were more prominent the more clinically severe the injury, with progressive deterioration over time since the original injury. While compression and traction sustained during the original injury or subsequent hospital rehabilitation may contribute in part to some of these changes, it is difficult to attribute these findings solely to such processes. Changes in axonal structure and ion channel function, but perhaps more critically decentralization and consequent inactivity, are likely to underlie the complex changes observed in axonal excitability in SCI patients.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Lin, Xionghui, et al.
(författare)
-
Purification of properoxinectin, a myeloperoxidase homologue and its activation to a cell adhesion molecule
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4165 .- 1872-8006. ; 1770:1, s. 87-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxidases are important mediators of innate immune reactions throughout the animal kingdom. In many arthropods a myeloperoxidase homologue, peroxinectin, is known to function as a cell adhesion factor and an opsonin. Here, we report in the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus the isolation of properoxinectin, inactive in cell adhesion, and we also show that properoxinectin is produced in the mature blood cells whereas the hematopoietic tissue contains very little of this protein. Both properoxinectin and peroxinectin are catalytically active as peroxidases, at least when using low molecular weight substrates. The extracellular processing of properoxinectin into an active cell adhesion protein was found to involve proteolytic steps shared with the prophenoloxidase activating system to yield catalytically active phenoloxidase. Thus, the regulation of activities by two ancient metalloproteins, both potentially producing highly toxic substances aimed at pathogens, is carried out by limited proteolysis. The proteolytic processing is triggered in the presence of microbial compounds such as beta-glucans or lipopolysaccharide after the release of properoxinectin and prophenoloxidase activating serine proteinases from the blood cells.
|
|
| 31. |
- Olofson, K. Frans G., 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban aerosol evolution and particle formation during wintertime temperature inversions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 43, s. 340-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aerosol temporal and spatial distributions during wintertime temperature inversions in Gothenburg, Sweden, have been characterized by ground-based and airborne particle measurements combined with lidar measurements. Ground inversions frequently developed during evenings and nights with stable cold conditions, and the low wintertime insolation often resulted in near neutral boundary layer conditions during day-time. Under these conditions ground level aerosol concentrations peaked during morning rush hours and often remained relatively high throughout the day due to inefficient ventilation. The particle number concentrations decreased slowly with increasing altitude within the boundary layer, and measurements slightly above the boundary layer suggested limited entrainment of polluted air into the free troposphere. High concentrations of ultrafine particles were observed throughout the boundary layer up to altitudes of 1100 m, which suggested that nucleation took place within the residual layer during the night and early morning. Recently formed particles were also observed around midday when the layer near ground was ventilated by mixing into the boundary layer, which indicated that ultrafine particles were either transported down from the residual layer to ground level or formed when the polluted surface layer mixed with the cleaner air above.
|
|
| 32. |
- Olsen, Are, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Overview of the Nordic Seas CARINA data and salinity measurements
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Earth System Science Data Discussions. - 1866-3591. ; 2, s. 1-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water column data of carbon and carbon relevant hydrographic and hydrochemical parameters from 188 previously non-publicly available cruises in the Arctic, Atlantic, and Southern Ocean have been retrieved and merged into a new database: CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic). The data have been subject to rigorous quality control (QC) in order to ensure highest possible quality and consistency. The data for most of the parameters included were examined in order to quantify systematic biases in the reported values, i.e. secondary quality control. Significant biases have been corrected for in the data products, i.e. the three merged files with measured, calculated and interpolated values for each of the three CARINA regions; the Arctic Mediterranean Seas (AMS), the Atlantic (ATL) and the Southern Ocean (SO). With the adjustments the CARINA database is consistent both internally as well as with GLODAP (Key et al., 2004) and is suitable for accurate assessments of, for example, oceanic carbon inventories and uptake rates and for model validation. The Arctic Mediterranean Seas includes the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas, and the quality control was carried out separately in these two areas. This contribution provides an overview of the CARINA data from the Nordic Seas and summarises the findings of the QC of the salinity data. One cruise had salinity data that were of questionable quality, and these have been removed from the data product. An evaluation of the consistency of the quality controlled salinity data suggests that they are consistent to at least 0.05.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Raval, Aparna, et al.
(författare)
-
Downregulation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 129:5, s. 879-890
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The heritability of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is relatively high; however, no predisposing mutation has been convincingly identified. We show that loss or reduced expression of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) underlies cases of heritable predisposition to CLL and the majority of sporadic CLL. Epigenetic silencing of DAPK1 by promoter methylation occurs in almost all sporadic CLL cases. Furthermore, we defined a disease haplotype, which segregates with the CLL phenotype in a large family. DAPK1 expression of the CLL allele is downregulated by 75% in germline cells due to increased HOXB7 binding. In the blood cells from affected family members, promoter methylation results in additional loss of DAPK1 expression. Thus, reduced expression of DAPK1 can result from germline predisposition, as well as epigenetic or somatic events causing or contributing to the CLL phenotype.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Wei, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Differentiation of rodent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into intervertebral disc-like cells following coculture with rat disc tissue
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Tissue Engineering Part A. - 1937-335X. ; 15:9, s. 2581-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate whether rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) could be differentiated in vitro into disc-like cells by coculturing with intervertebral disc tissue. rMSCs were cultured with rodent intervertebral disc for up to 30 days in transwell plates. The differentiation of rMSCs was evaluated by immunostaining, Western blot, real-time RT-PCR, Northern blot, and electron microscopy. The potentials of multilineage differentiation and proteoglycan and collagen synthesis were also investigated. rMSCs underwent morphological changes to form three-dimensional micromasses and expressed collagen-2, aggrecan, and sox-9 at RNA and protein levels after 14 days of coculture. These changes were not detected in the samples of rMSCs cultured alone. Cocultured rMSCs also showed other characteristic features of disc-like cells, including the extracellular matrix formation, and proteoglycan and collagen synthesis. In addition, cellular contact between cocultured rMSCs and disc tissue was observed by electron microscopy. Committed rMSCs still retained their differentiation ability into mesoderm lineages of adipocytes or osteocytes when the local environment was altered. This study supports that MSCs are a promising source for cell therapy and tissue engineering in disc regeneration, and highlights that rMSCs can be induced into nucleus pulposus-like cells in vitro under the direct influence of intact disc tissue.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Wood, Laura D, et al.
(författare)
-
The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 318:5853, s. 1108-1113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
|
|
| 40. |
- Wu, Xifeng, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic variation in the prostate stem cell antigen gene PSCA confers susceptibility to urinary bladder cancer.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:9, s. 991-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study on 969 bladder cancer cases and 957 controls from Texas. For fast-track validation, we evaluated 60 SNPs in three additional US populations and validated the top SNP in nine European populations. A missense variant (rs2294008) in the PSCA gene showed consistent association with bladder cancer in US and European populations. Combining all subjects (6,667 cases, 39,590 controls), the overall P-value was 2.14 x 10(-10) and the allelic odds ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.10-1.20). rs2294008 alters the start codon and is predicted to cause truncation of nine amino acids from the N-terminal signal sequence of the primary PSCA translation product. In vitro reporter gene assay showed that the variant allele significantly reduced promoter activity. Resequencing of the PSCA genomic region showed that rs2294008 is the only common missense SNP in PSCA. Our data identify rs2294008 as a new bladder cancer susceptibility locus.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Yin, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Utility based query dissemination in spatial data grid
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing, GCC 2007. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769528716 - 9780769528717 ; , s. 574-581
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial Information Grid is an ideal infrastructure to handle the data-intensive and computing-intensive geo-spatial processing. In order that each agency could ad hoc connect to this computing environment and make autonomous decision, we build a Geospatial Data Grid in peer-to-peer way. The query processor module in each peer can decompose the user's query into sub-queries that executed in different nodes. One problem in the parallel spatial join query optimization is how to determine an appropriate node group to disseminate the sub-queries. Especially, if there is more than one node sharing the same area of interest, there is a dilemma: on the one hand, the task scheduler tends to decompose this query into sub-queries and disseminate them to as many as possible nodes so that they could process the user's query in parallel; on the other hand, recruiting too many nodes will also bring in overhead in repetitive computing, redundant data transmission, and the result merging. Based on the study of trade-off between increasing parallelism and reducing redundancy using the Utility Theory in economics, we put forward a fast node selection algorithm for the parallel spatial join query dissemination. The test in our system shows this strategy could balance the above two conflict demands and is appropriate for use in Data Grid.
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
- You, Lixing, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Superconducting properties of ultrathin Bi2Sr2CaCu2O{8+x} single crystals
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. ; 98, s. 033913-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use Ar-ion milling to thin Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi2212) single crystals down to a few nanometers or one to two (CuO2)2 layers. In decreasing the thickness, the superconducting transition temperature gradually decreases to zero and the in-plane resistivity increases to large values indicating the existence of a superconductor-insulator transition in ultrathin Bi2212 single crystals
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Yu, ZZ, et al.
(författare)
-
Adiponectin is related to carotid artery plaque and a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in a cohort of non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Blood purification. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9735 .- 0253-5068. ; 26:4, s. 386-393
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Aims:</i> Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated associations between circulating adiponectin, inflammation and cardiovascular disease in peritoneal dialysis patients. <i>Methods:</i> A prospective study was performed in 59 non-diabetic patients. The concentrations of serum adiponectin, biochemical data and ultrasound of carotid artery were measured at enrollment. The patients were followed up to 39 months mainly for cardiovascular events. <i>Results:</i> The serum adiponectin concentration was elevated and inversely related to C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the patients. The adiponectin level of patients with carotid plaques was significantly lower than in those without plaques (p < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative survival without new cardiovascular events was better in patients with higher adiponectin levels than in those with lower adiponectin levels. <i>Conclusion:</i> Serum adiponectin levels are inversely related with markers of systemic inflammation and signs of atherosclerosis which may explain why hyperadiponectinemia in this study was associated with better cardiovascular outcome.
|
|
