| 1. |
- Marganiec, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Coulomb breakup of 17Ne from the viewpoint of nuclear astrophysics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Science. - Proceedings of Science : Sissa. - 1824-8039.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By the Coulomb breakup of 17Ne, the time-reversed reaction 15O(2p,γ)17Ne has been studied. This reaction might play an important role in the rp process, as a break-out reaction of the hot CNO cycle. The secondary 17Ne ion beam with an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon has been dissociated in a Pb target. The reaction products have been detected with the LAND-R3B experimental setup at GSI. The preliminary differential and integral Coulomb dissociation cross section sCoul has been determined, which then will be converted into a photo-absorption cross section sphoto, and a two-proton radiative capture cross section σcap. Additionally, information about the structure of the 17Ne, a potential two-proton halo nucleus, will be received. The analysis is in progress. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Yu
(författare)
-
Integrating life cycle assessment into simulation-based decision support
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increasing marketing and legislative requirements put heavy demands on the environmental performance of future transportation solutions. The resulting need to reduce total environmental impacts presents both challenges and opportunities to the transport sector as a whole, including the automotive industry. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly used to evaluate environmental performance in the automotive industry. However, the static nature of LCAlimits its usefulness for capturing dynamic environmental consequences in the manufacturing and operational phase. This thesis proposes a simulation-based approach to LCA that addresses this problem. Selected real-world case studies demonstrate the potential of the approach in both vehicle production processes and end-user applications. The work was preceded by a comprehensive review of the potential benefits and challenges of using simulation-based LCA in production processes. This review laid the foundation for the development and implementation of this method inthe automotive industry. Two real-world case studies demonstrate its value. The first was a waste collection case study in which LCA was integrated in an existing simulation-based decision support tool to optimize the company’s activities froma life cycle environmental impact perspective. A simultaneously developed simulation-based LCA model of an iron foundry production line extended the applicability of the method with a proposed decision support interpretation approach. The study shows that data and information from both simulation model and LCA databases can be integrated and utilized in the developed simulation-based LCA method. This allows different systems with different configurations to be combined to assess the relevant parameters, and eventually to provide information about overall environmental impacts to decision makers to improvethe environmental sustainability of the automotive industry.
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| 3. |
- Aksyutina, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Lithium isotopes beyond the drip line
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 666:5, s. 430-434
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unbound isotopes 10Li, 12Li and 13Li have been observed after nucleon-knockout reactions at relativistic energies with 11Li and 14Be beams impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The channels , and were analysed in the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. The 10Li data confirm earlier findings, while the 12Li and 13Li nuclei were observed for the first time. The relative-energy spectrum shows that the ground state of 12Li can be described as a virtual s-state with a scattering length of -13.7(1.6) fm. A broad energy spectrum was found for the channel. Based on the assumption that the relative-energy spectrum is dominated by a correlated background presumably stemming from initial correlations in the 14Be ground-state, evidence for a 13Li resonance at 1.47(31) MeV above the threshold with a width around 2 MeV has been found.
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| 4. |
- Aksyutina, Yuliya, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of the 7He ground state from 8He neutron knockout
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 679:3, s. 191-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unbound nucleus 7He, produced in neutron-knockout reactions with a 240 MeV/u 8He beam in a liquid-hydrogen target, has been studied in an experiment at the ALADIN-LAND setup at GSI. From an R-matrix analysis the resonance parameters for 7He as well as the spectroscopic factor for the 6He(0+) + n configuration in its ground-state have been obtained. The spectroscopic factor is 0.61 confirming that 7He is not a pure single-particle state. An analysis of 5He data from neutron-knockout reactions of 6He in a carbon target reveals the presence of an s-wave component at low energies in the α+n relative energy spectrum. A possible low-lying exited state in 7He observed in neutron knockout data from 8He in a carbon target and tentatively interpreted as a Iπ=1/2− state, could not be observed in the present experiment. Possible explanations of the shape difference between the 7He resonance obtained in the two knockout reactions are discussed in terms of target-dependence or different reaction mechanisms at relativistic energies.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Preface: Recognizing Management in LCM
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 23:7, s. 1351-1356
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Life Cycle Management conference 2013 took place in Göteborg, Sweden in August that year. During some very sunny days, nearly 450 presentations took place in front of more than 600 conference goers, leading to uncountable numbers of meetings, conversations, and reflections. A group that brought together different facets of management and policy-making research in relation to LCM was created as conference special issue editors. The group identified a need for systematized descriptions and analyses of life cycle-related practices in industry and in society at large. Preferably, the research should be grounded in the social and management sciences. The intention with the special issue was advancing LCM research, with an emphasis on the 'M' for management. The special issue includes 7 papers developed from the conference presentations. The combination of life cycles and management enables many kinds of LCM research. Novel terminology and perspectives to LCM research introduced by the included papers convey some of this diversity. Studies with a product chain perspective to LCM offer a complementing contrast to the study of corporate LCM. Advancement of LCM research can thus be achieved by expanding from the company perspective towards, looking deeper into the interactions of multiple actors. Also, critical perspectives have been shown to be valuable for the legitimacy and credibility of LCA and its practitioners. These studies show how deeper studies in the social sciences offer paths for the further advancement of LCM.
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| 7. |
- Ben Amor, Mehdi, et al.
(författare)
-
Revisiting Industrial Organization : Product Service Systems Insight
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 96, s. 1459-1477
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This literature review puts forward a comparison between the traditional seller, usually represented by classic Industrial Organization (IO) models, and system providers, which are illustrated by Product Service System (PSS) models. A multidisciplinary systematic literature review, that compares PSS and IO models, is conducted, and ends up in to define PSS as a technology. It highlights the differences and similarities between classic IO and classic PSS and evaluate the weakness and strengths of different models. In total, 148 articles from different disciplines have been investigated, and a different understanding of PSS is provided. A new IO framework, that considers classic sellers and PSSs providers, is established to preserve PSS specificities and stress the role of policy maker and competition for PSSs expansion.
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| 8. |
- Betsholtz, Christer, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Role of platelet-derived growth factor in mesangium development and vasculopathies: lessons from platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor mutations in mice.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension. - 1062-4821. ; 13:1, s. 45-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The phenotypic consequences of null mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor-B and the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor genes in mice have demonstrated that these proteins play pivotal roles in the development of the vascular smooth muscle cell lineage, including pericytes and mesangial cells. RECENT FINDINGS: The lethality of these mutants has precluded analysis of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of platelet-derived growth factor-B and platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor deficiency in adults. This review summarizes and discusses recent data from certain tissue-specific and subtle mutations in the platelet-derived growth factor-B and platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor genes that are compatible with postnatal viability in spite of severe developmental deficits in pericyte and mesangial cell recruitment. In the postnatal period, the animals studied developed a characteristic set of pathological changes to small blood vessels of the retina and the kidney glomerulus, which sheds light on the importance of pericytes and mesangial cells for vascular integrity and function after birth. SUMMARY: These microvascular abnormalities and their consequences bear a resemblance to diabetic microangiopathy and nephropathy. The platelet-derived growth factor-B and platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor mutant mouse models, therefore, might serve as valuable tools in the dissection of some of the pathogenic events in diabetic microangiopathy.
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| 9. |
- Boks, Casper, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic Post-Graduate Sustainable Design and Engineering Research from a Supervisor Perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: NordDesign 2008. - Tallin, Estonia. ; , s. 171-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi- and interdisciplinary field of sustainable product innovation is rapidly expanding as an arena for scientific research. Universities in Nordic countries can be considered as an exponent of this type of research, with active research groups in, among others, Göteborg, Helsinki, Lund, Lyngby, Linköping and Trondheim. In the context of a Nordforsk funded project, seven second generation PhD supervisors from these universities, who have been active in this field for many years, discuss funding, publication, research traditions, education and supervision practices related to PhD research in this field. A number of recommendations to improve current practices are made, including the mapping currently existing differences in different academic institutions, studying the cross-over learning effects between academica and non-academic partners, and the development of ‘quality indicators’ of research in the SPI domain.
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| 10. |
- Bolin, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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LCA of Biogas Through Anaerobic Digestion from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) Compared to Incineration of the Waste
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of EcoDesign 2009: 6th International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. - Sapporo, Japan.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) from the organic fraction of minucipal solid waste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the moment, almost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three different scales of biogas plants were compared to incineration: one large-scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore; one medium- scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large one; and one small-scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. a shopping centre or food centre. Two alternatives for utilization of the biogas were also compared, generation of electricity and the use of the biogas in heavy vehicles. The combination of the different scales and the different utilization gives the six different scenarios. By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were compared in terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication, energy use and land use. The results show that biogas production creates less environmental impact than incineration. The use of the gas as a vehicle fuel creates a bigger decrease of GWP, acidification and eutrophication than when using the gas for electricity generation. The prevention of leakage of biogas during production and upgrading is crucial for the environmental impact on GWP. A leakage of only a few percent of the produced gas will lead to a loss of all the gain in saved GHG-emissions.
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| 11. |
- Bondjers, Cecilia, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Transcription profiling of platelet-derived growth factor-B-deficient mouse embryos identifies RGS5 as a novel marker for pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: The American journal of pathology. - 0002-9440. ; 162:3, s. 721-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All blood capillaries consist of endothelial tubes surrounded by mural cells referred to as pericytes. The origin, recruitment, and function of the pericytes is poorly understood, but the importance of these cells is underscored by the severe cardiovascular defects in mice genetically devoid of factors regulating pericyte recruitment to embryonic vessels, and by the association between pericyte loss and microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus. A general problem in the study of pericytes is the shortage of markers for these cells. To identify new markers for pericytes, we have taken advantage of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B knockout mouse model, in which developing blood vessels in the central nervous system are almost completely devoid of pericytes. Using cDNA microarrays, we analyzed the gene expression in PDGF-B null embryos in comparison with corresponding wild-type embryos and searched for down-regulated genes. The most down-regulated gene present on our microarray was RGS5, a member of the RGS family of GTPase-activating proteins for G proteins. In situ hybridization identified RGS5 expression in brain pericytes, and in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in certain other, but not all, locations. Absence of RGS5 expression in PDGF-B and PDGFR beta-null embryos correlated with pericyte loss in these mice. Residual RGS5 expression in rare pericytes suggested that RGS5 is a pericyte marker expressed independently of PDGF-B/R beta signaling. With RGS5 as a proof-of-principle, our data demonstrate the usefulness of microarray analysis of mouse models for abnormal pericyte development in the identification of new pericyte-specific markers.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges faced by teachers implementing socio-scientific issues as core elements in their classroom practices
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - : Bastas Publications. - 2301-251X. ; 3:2, s. 159-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teachers may face considerable challenges when implementing socio‐scientific issues (SSI) in their classroom practices, such as incorporating student‐centred teaching practices and exploring knowledge and values in the context of socio-scientific issues. This year‐long study explores teachers’ reflections on the process of developing their classroom practices when implementing SSI. Video‐recorded discussions between two upper secondary school science teachers and an educational researcher, grounded in the teachers’ reflections on their classroom practices, provided data for the analysis. The results show that during the course of the implementation the teachers enhanced their awareness of the importance of promoting students’ participation and supporting their independence as learners. However, the results also suggest a conflict between the enactment of a student‐centred classroom practice and the achievement of intended learning goals. In order to accept the challenge of implementing SSI in the classroom, it is suggested that it is essential for teachers to build strategies, which integrate dialogue about learning goals.
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| 14. |
- Bossér, Ulrika, 1976-
(författare)
-
Exploring the complexities of integrating socioscientific issues in science teaching
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Socioscientific issues, SSI, can briefly be described as societal issues in which science plays a role. Dealing with SSI in science education is a means to prepare and empower students for active and responsible participation in a complex, democratic society. The implementation of SSI-based teaching calls for classroom practices in which scientific evidence alongside for example social and ethical perspectives are considered. Discourse-based teaching activities are emphasized as a means to provide opportunities for students to practice negotiations of SSI and explore diverse viewpoints on the issues. Dealing with SSI in science teaching is recognized as a challenging task for science teachers. This thesis aims to provide knowledge to support the implementation of SSI-based science teaching. Three studies involving two upper secondary school science teachers are performed to achieve this aim. The first study makes use of video-stimulated discussions to investigate the two teachers’reflections on their classroom practices while they implement SSI throughout an academic year. The second study utilizes the concept positioning as a tool to identify and describe the ways in which one teacher’s interactions with students during group work make available different parts for the students to play as participants, when dealing with SSI in the classroom. The third study makes use of the concept communicative approach to investigate how the two teachers’ management of classroom discussions sets conditions for the consideration of multiple perspectives relevant to SSI, including the students’ viewpoints. The results provide knowledge useful when making considerations about the design and enactment of teaching activities in relation to specific educational goals. The results suggest that a specific challenge with designing and enacting SSI-based teaching activities is to balance between controlling and directing the teaching activities to promote specific learning goals and providing space for students’ participation and perspectives. The results of employing the analytical tools elucidate how this challenge can play out in classroom practice and contribute with knowledge of the ways in which teachers’ discursive practices play a role in addressing this challenge. Strategies to support teachers’ implementation of SSI-based teaching that take account of teachers’ existing practices are discussed.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Brambila-Macias, Sergio A., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
State of the Art of Design Methods for Resource Efficient and Effective Solutions : Report from “Product and Service Design Methods for REES” Project of Mistra REES program
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document reports on the results of work packages (WPs) 2.1 and 2.2 in Project 2 (Product and Service Design Methods for REES, i.e. resource efficient and effective solutions) of the Mistra REES program (www.mistrarees.se). WP 2.1 and WP 2.2 aim at documenting current use of design methods and deriving requirements for design methods, respectively. The document only covers results from the scientific literature review, while other reports to be developed will cover results, for instance, from the interview study and the design session with industry partners in the Mistra REES consortium. The results of the literature review will be a foundation for WP 2.3, which aims at developing new design methods. Note that methods here include frameworks, tools, and support for designers.The document describes current use (i.e., “as‐is” status) of product and service design methods when designing REES, as well as requirements for product and service design methods for REES (i.e., information soon‐to‐be). Both of these are results of analysis in different phases of an early phase of design for REES. Those phases consist of requirement specification, conceptual design, and analysis and evaluation, which can be ordered temporally along the design process.From the overall analysis, found is a lack of insights about methods for designing REES, although potentially useful methods are available. This means advancement of knowledge is insufficient for industry within the subject, which is relatively new. It may also mean the developed methods are not precisely according to the needs of companies. This shows a high potential of developing new methods in the rest of the project.More specifically, in the requirement specification, the literature shows that potentially useful methods include QFD (Quality Function Deployment), the Taguchi method, the Kano model, and data mining, among others. In the conceptual design, numerous methods exist, and most of them were developed in an older context, where REES was not as relevant as today. Those methods include DfX methods (X denotes cost, assembly, etc.), the functional block diagram, the checklist, morphological analysis, and the Fishbone Diagram. Only a few seem to be used widely in industry today. In the analysis and evaluation, available methods include Lifecycle Simulation, Lifecycle Costing, multi‐criteria decision making, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process. Most of the methods or tools available specialise in one area. This is a problem when developing an integrated offering of products and services, because designers need to have a holistic perspective for that.Regarding requirements for methods to be developed, the authors analysed literature as follows. In the requirement specification, requirements originating from multiple aspects and actors need to be taken into account. Since an enormous amount of data and information can be collected from products and by technologies implemented today, a huge opportunity is presented for enhancing requirement specification. Yet, there seems to be little insights to take this opportunity. In conceptual design, it is important to identify and involve relevant actors as well as their requirements according to a number of scientific reports. Especially, interaction between the relevant actors seems to be critical to be implemented. In analysis and evaluation, various pieces of earlier research works recommend different features to be implemented in methods. These features include visualization of information and information flows, graphical user interface, multiple users’ participation, and ability to handle environmental information, uncertainty and risk.
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| 18. |
- Brambila-Macias, Sergio A., 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Support for Designing Resource Efficient and Effective Solutions: Current Use and Requirements by Swedish Industry : Report from “Product and Service Design Support for REES” Project of Mistra REES program
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document reports on the results of work packages (WPs) 2.1 and 2.2 in Project 2 (Product and Service Design Support for REES, i.e. resource efficient and effective solutions) of the Mistra REES program (www.mistrarees.se). WP 2.1 and WP 2.2 aim at documenting current use of design support and deriving requirements for design support, respectively. The document only covers results from interviews with companies, while the other reports will cover results, for instance, from scientific literature review (ISRN: LIU‐IEI‐RR‐‐17/00264—SE) and the design session with industry partners in the Mistra REES consortium. The results of this research into industrial practice will be a foundation for WP 2.3, which aims at developing new design support for designers.The document describes current use (i.e., “as‐is” status) of product and service design support when designing REES, as well as requirements for product and service design support for REES (i.e., information soon‐to‐be). Both of these are results of analysis in different phases of an early phase of design for REES. Those phases consist of requirement specification, conceptual design, and analysis and evaluation, which can be ordered temporally along the design process.Eight Sweden‐based companies that provide products and services in different sectors and work on resource efficiency participated in the interviews. They vary in terms of the size: from small to large. 24 individual interviews were conducted in total with the length being between 54 and 117 minutes (with two additional shorter follow up interviews via phone/skype). The 24 interviews were carried out all with face to face between May and July, 2016. The result from each company is described per section in this report, while cross‐company analysis will be made in a separate document.
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| 19. |
- Brambila-Macias, Sergio, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Requirements for REES design support : a survey among large companies and SMEs
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents the results of a survey carried out during 2017-2018 among 11 different companies as part of the REES programme (www.mistrarees.se) work package (WP) 2.2 of Project 2 (the project concerning design in the programme). The objective of the survey was to identify the most important requirements for design support that is being developed for REES designers in the manufacturing industry. The survey comprises results from a total of 25 participants from 5 SMEs and 6 large companies, which included 8 participants from SMEs and 17 from large companies. This classification was made according to the EU commission (2015) definition of SMEs (< 250 employees and ≤ EUR 50 million in annual turnover). The results presented are divided into Section 1 where an overview of the survey and the method is presented and section 2 results, where consolidated data and comparison between large companies and SMES is provided.
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| 20. |
- Carlson, Annelie, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Legal, environmental and economic issues with functional sales : A case of indoor lighting
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional sales is a business model that has steadily seen increased use. This article features, from a life cycle perspective and in a novel way, its legal, environmental, and economic implications. Functional sales has been highlighted to have the potential for promoting the use of more resource-efficient technologies, which may have a positive impact on the provided solution’s environmental and economic performance. However, there are, to our knowledge, few articles published regarding the legal aspects of functional sales and still no laws regulating this type of business model, which can pose barriers to implementing functional sales. Functional sales is in uncharted territory in the legal sphere, and the lack of legal regulation can only, to a certain extent, be overcome by a contract. A contract must consider the relationship to be long-term, and evaluation is important.In this paper, two different techniques for acquiring lighting representing product sales and functional sales are compared. The case for functional sales is based on the legal foundation of an existing public procurement, while the case for product sales is a likely alternative for lighting purposes. The study shows that there is a trade-off between environmental consequence and economic benefit and that qualitative aspects can be difficult to include in the contract and evaluation.The conclusion is that the ordinary purchase is supported by long-established rules and regulations so that such a legal transaction (acquisition) is quite conventional and uneventful. However, if the business model changes without a proper legal foundation, the parties of such contracts will find themselves in a legal wilderness, where the outcome of civil litigations is unpredictable. There are ways to circumvent these difficulties, which is demonstrated in this article, as well as the principal advantages of functional sales.
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| 21. |
- Carlsson, Anders, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability Jam Sessions for vision creation and problem solving
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 98, s. 29-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a concept for creating arenas where expertise from certain branches of industry can interact with sustainability professionals and researchers to address and solve sustainability challenges. The concept Sustainability Jam Session (SJS) builds upon the idea of conducting creative meetings between professionals in “jam sessions,” similar to those associated primarily with music and improvisation. Approaches such as these have been used in the IT sector over the past decades, but this is the first attempt to apply it in the area of sustainability. SJS's were tested at the 2012 Greening of Industry Network Conference (GIN2012) and here we report our experiences from arranging six SJS's at the conference.A typical process of an SJS includes a preparatory phase, the actual jam, and documentation and follow up. The preparatory phase mainly involves identifying hosts and topics to be addressed at the SJS, followed by attracting participants. The jam is started by an introduction of the topics, a technical visit (if appropriate), and a problem-solving workshop, ending with a wrap-up reporting. Thorough documentation is necessary for following up the results of the SJS and preparing for implementation of the identified solutions.We conclude that skill, structure, setting, and surrender of control, as well as finding “red and hot” topics for the jams are the key factors for successful SJS's.Based on our experiences from GIN2012, we recommend other research conferences in the sustainability field use SJS's if the intention is to boost the interaction between the conference and the host region or non-academic organizations in general. We also suggest that a similar approach can be used in regional development for creating an infrastructure for learning and transformation towards sustainability and initiatives for open innovation.
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, Raul, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing metrics for measuring the circularity while metrics are being standardized - TRACE CERTAINTY TRAnsitioning to a Circular Economy via CERTificAtion in INdusTrY : PROJECT FINAL REPORT Reference Number 2020-04410
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes the results and the learnings of a project that had the aim to develop a protocol for measuring circularity for products. The project was centered around an assessment of the real-world example of a lubrication cleaning and recirculation system by SKF RecondOil. The process of assessment required that the team match circularity in principle (how circularity can be measured in theory) with circularity in practice (how circularity can be measured in a real system). In the process, the team identified different ways to measure circularity based on drafted circularity principles (from ongoing ISO work on circularity). In the end, these alternatives were to be practically verifiable and certifiable. Learnings are to be fed into ongoing work on developing international standards (ISO) for assessing circularity. In the progress of the work, a framework for understanding and measuring circularity for the system at hand was developed including: a heuristic (diagram) describing a system of interest and a list of chosen circular economy principles see Figure 3. It is thought that the heuristic and list of principles could be used to guide an entity in the process of first, creating their system model, and then, making sense of and applying principles.
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| 23. |
- Carlsson, Raul, et al.
(författare)
-
TRACE CERTAINTY - TRAnsitioning to a Circular Economy via CERTificAtion in INdusTrY : Testing metrics for measuring the circularity while metrics are being standardized: PROJECT FINAL REPORT Reference Number 2020-04410
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes the results and the learnings of a project that had the aim to develop a protocol for measuring circularity for products. The project was centered around an assessment of the real-world example of a lubrication cleaning and recirculation system by SKF RecondOil. The process of assessment required that the team match circularity in principle (how circularity can be measured in theory) with circularity in practice (how circularity can be measured in a real system). In the process, the team identified different ways to measure circularity based on drafted circularity principles (from ongoing ISO work on circularity). In the end, these alternatives were to be practically verifiable and certifiable. Learnings are to be fed into ongoing work on developing international standards (ISO) for assessing circularity. In the progress of the work, a framework for understanding and measuring circularity for the system at hand was developed including: a heuristic (diagram) describing a system of interest and a list of chosen circular economy principles see Figure 3. It is thought that the heuristic and list of principles could be used to guide an entity in the process of first, creating their system model, and then, making sense of and applying principles.
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| 24. |
- Densai, Avni, et al.
(författare)
-
Actors and system maps : a methodology for developing product/service systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Sustainability Through Innovation in Product Life Cycle Design. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811004698 - 9789811004711 ; , s. 217-232
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a refined version of the Actors and System Map methodology. The refined method is more clearly defined and follows a structured process. This method can be used for describing actors and activities between a provider and a customer within a product/service system. The methodology helps in providing an overview of participating actors within a system, which is advantageous since there are often differences of opinion regarding the actors involved. An example of when the methodology has been used is presented.
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| 25. |
- Elfving, Sofi W., et al.
(författare)
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Ericsson – The History from Product to Solution Provider and Challenges and Opportunities in an Evolving Environment
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 30, s. 239-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) are realizing that their products, earlier the foundation of their success, no longer stand alone in satisfying customer requirements. Customers now demand integration of services and bundling as well as increased active participation of OEMs during the use phase. Ericsson, a Swedish multinational OEM of communications technology and services, is an example of such a company. The objective of this paper is to describe, compare and discuss Ericsson's journey from a product provider to a PSS provider, e.g. by comparison with other industry examples. Furthermore, the paper highlights future challenges and opportunities for instance regarding business models, trends and product design.
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| 26. |
- Gummesson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for undergraduate medical education : development and exploration of social validity
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6920. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and measurable in its process and outcome, and reflecting one or more competencies. Before a new framework is implemented in a specific context, it is valuable to explore social validity, that is, the acceptability by relevant stakeholders.Aim: The aim of our work was to define Core EPAs for undergraduate medical education and further explore the social validity of the constructs.Method and material: In a nationwide collaboration, EPAs were developed using a modified Delphi procedure and validated according to EQual by a group consisting of teachers nominated from each of the seven Swedish medical schools, two student representatives, and an educational developer (n = 16). In the next step, social validity was explored in a nationwide survey. The survey introduced the suggested EPAs. For each EPA, the importance of the EPA was rated, as was the rater’s perception of the present graduates’ required level of supervision when performing the activity. Free-text comments were also included and analyzed.Results: Ten Core EPAs were defined and validated. The validation scores for EQual ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. The nationwide survey had 473 responders. All activities were rated as “important” by most responders, ranging from 54 to 96%. When asked how independent current graduates were in performing the ten activities, 6 to 35% reported “independent”. The three themes of the free text comments were: ‘relevant target areas and content’; ‘definition of the activities’; and ‘clinical practice and learning’.Conclusion: Ten Core EPAs were defined and assessed as relevant for Swedish undergraduate medical education. There was a consistent gap between the perceived importance and the certainty that the students could perform these professional activities independently at the time of graduation. These results indicate that the ten EPAs may have a role in undergraduate education by creating clarity for all stakeholders.
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| 27. |
- Gustafsson, Mattias C U, et al.
(författare)
-
Factor H Binds to the Hypervariable Region of Many Streptococcus pyogenes M Proteins but Does Not Promote Phagocytosis Resistance or Acute Virulence.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLoS Pathogens. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7366 .- 1553-7374. ; 9:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pathogens express a surface protein that binds the human complement regulator factor H (FH), as first described for Streptococcus pyogenes and the antiphagocytic M6 protein. It is commonly assumed that FH recruited to an M protein enhances virulence by protecting the bacteria against complement deposition and phagocytosis, but the role of FH-binding in S. pyogenes pathogenesis has remained unclear and controversial. Here, we studied seven purified M proteins for ability to bind FH and found that FH binds to the M5, M6 and M18 proteins but not the M1, M3, M4 and M22 proteins. Extensive immunochemical analysis indicated that FH binds solely to the hypervariable region (HVR) of an M protein, suggesting that selection has favored the ability of certain HVRs to bind FH. These FH-binding HVRs could be studied as isolated polypeptides that retain ability to bind FH, implying that an FH-binding HVR represents a distinct ligand-binding domain. The isolated HVRs specifically interacted with FH among all human serum proteins, interacted with the same region in FH and showed species specificity, but exhibited little or no antigenic cross-reactivity. Although these findings suggested that FH recruited to an M protein promotes virulence, studies in transgenic mice did not demonstrate a role for bound FH during acute infection. Moreover, phagocytosis tests indicated that ability to bind FH is neither sufficient nor necessary for S. pyogenes to resist killing in whole human blood. While these data shed new light on the HVR of M proteins, they suggest that FH-binding may affect S. pyogenes virulence by mechanisms not assessed in currently used model systems.
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| 28. |
- Hallack, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Systematic Design for Recycling Approach – Automotive Exterior Plastics
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 29<sup>th</sup> CIRP Conference Life Cycle Engineering. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. ; , s. 204-209
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Car components are getting more advanced when meeting customer requirements. At the same time, the requirements of having cars that are easily dismantled and recycled also increase. At Volvo Cars, there is a need to have car components adapted to ease disassembly, where one example is exterior plastic components. However, end-of-life processes of car dismantling are seldom thought of when designing exterior plastic components. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a systematic design approach to support the Design for Recycling of exterior plastic components from an end-of-life perspective. We investigated challenges, factors, and practices that affect the recycling of the cars’ exterior plastic components. In addition, we studied end-of-life and eco-design tools that are used in industry and meet the requirements established by Volvo Cars. This was then used to develop a systematic design approach to support Design for Recycling. It encompasses three steps: 1) checking the investigated component against the identified end-of-life practices (helps to identify problems and generates solutions for design improvements ), 2) comparing the generated design improvements in terms of the environmental aspect (contributes to environmentally-driven decisions), and 3) evaluating the economic recycling benefits of the design improvements. The approach can be used within the automotive industry to improve the Design for Recycling of exterior plastic components and contribute to achieving a more circular economy.
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| 29. |
- Helldal, Michael, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental benefits riding the coattails of lean production : can an integration of environmental aspects and lean production result in synergies and a reduced risk of sub-opimisation
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of EcoDesign 2009. - Sapporo, Japan.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate how work with Lean and environmental aspects affect one another, and if possible and beneficial from a business point-of-view, how they could be integrated into a single model.It was found that several of the fundamental concepts concerning Lean and environmental aspects support one another. Further, Lean has the potential to improve the environmental performance of a company, and can contributeto the environmental work by its proactive approach, structured way of operating and long-term way of thinking. The environmental perspective can contribute to Lean with its more holistic view; additional cost savingsand improvements might be found when looking at the operations from an environmental point-of-view.The study showed that it is not only possible to integrate Lean and environmental work, but that it also has the potential to be beneficial from both a business and an environmental standpoint. Integration can reduce the risk of sub-optimization, and synergies can be achieved. With this knowledge, the authors composed a model for how Lean and environmental work can be practised and integrated.
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| 30. |
- Henriksen, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
-
Green Business Model Innovation : Business case study compendium
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Business Case Studies collection is one of the reports completed within the Green Business Model Innovation project for Nordic Innovation from august 2011 to august 2012. The work is a continuation of a previous project called Green Business Models in the Nordic Region – A key to promote sustainable growth, completed for in 2010.The purpose of this compendium is to identify next practice among front runner companies and provide insights into how companies have implemented Green Business Model Innovation.The business case companies were identified through experts on business models and green innovation in the private sector. The experts were asked to recommend companies that they perceived as having a green business model with innovative elements. They were also asked to provide initial information on the companies and their business model. Interviews with 41 companies were conducted and business case studies completed for each interview.The work has been made possible thanks to funding from Nordic Innovation and the others partners on the project; The Danish Business Authority, VINNOVA, TEKES, Innovation Norway and Innovation Centre Iceland. The Nordic working group which has undertaken the work of this project has representatives of the Nordic innovation agencies and experts working with framework conditions, performance and funding green growth. We would also like to thank the group of experts whom have been interviewed and participated in workshops and discussions.The Danish Business Authority has been the project lead, and the team at the Danish Business Authority consisted of: Kristian Henriksen, Special Advisor and project owner, Markus Bjerre, Head of section, Jakob Øster, Head of section, Alexandra-Maria Almasi, research assistant, and Emil Damgaard, research assistant. In addition the consultants Casper Høgenhaven from Hoegenhaven Consult and Tanja Bisgaard from Novitas Innovation have participated in the work, as well as the consultancy COWI. Tanja from Novitas Innovation took on the project management from January 2012.
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| 31. |
- Hjelm, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Roles of Academia in Supporting Eco-Design in Small Companies for Better Environmental and Economic Performance
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 26TH CIRP DESIGN CONFERENCE. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. ; , s. 745-750
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development and diffusion of new or improved products and services is key to solve sustainability challenges such as climate change, resource depletion and loss of biodiversity. Small firms are important for developing these new solutions, but because of resource constraints they normally have to seek external support from e.g. academia and consultancy firms. This paper discusses how academia can provide such support (e.g. knowledge transfer, assessments and new perspectives) in an effective and efficient manner. To illustrate this, three examples of firms, two monitored over a long period of time, are described using interviews, previous evaluations and project reports for data collection. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 32. |
- Hofmann, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:13, s. 1240-1249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of routine oxygen therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction who do not have hypoxemia at baseline is uncertain. METHODS: In this registry-based randomized clinical trial, we used nationwide Swedish registries for patient enrollment and data collection. Patients with suspected myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 90% or higher were randomly assigned to receive either supplemental oxygen (6 liters per minute for 6 to 12 hours, delivered through an open face mask) or ambient air. RESULTS: A total of 6629 patients were enrolled. The median duration of oxygen therapy was 11.6 hours, and the median oxygen saturation at the end of the treatment period was 99% among patients assigned to oxygen and 97% among patients assigned to ambient air. Hypoxemia developed in 62 patients (1.9%) in the oxygen group, as compared with 254 patients (7.7%) in the ambient-air group. The median of the highest troponin level during hospitalization was 946.5 ng per liter in the oxygen group and 983.0 ng per liter in the ambient-air group. The primary end point of death from any cause within 1 year after randomization occurred in 5.0% of patients (166 of 3311) assigned to oxygen and in 5.1% of patients (168 of 3318) assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.21; P=0.80). Rehospitalization with myocardial infarction within 1 year occurred in 126 patients (3.8%) assigned to oxygen and in 111 patients (3.3%) assigned to ambient air (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.46; P=0.33). The results were consistent across all predefined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of supplemental oxygen in patients with suspected myocardial infarction who did not have hypoxemia was not found to reduce 1-year all-cause mortality. (Funded by the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation and others; DETO2X-AMI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01787110.)
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| 33. |
- Hulander, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Gradients in surface nanotopography used to study platelet adhesion and activation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 110, s. 261-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gradients in surface nanotopography were prepared by adsorbing gold nanoparticles on smooth gold substrates using diffusion technique. Following a sintering procedure the particle binding chemistry was removed, and integration of the particles into the underlying gold substrate was achieved, leaving a nanostructured surface with uniform surface chemistry. After pre-adsorption of human fibrinogen, the effect of surface nanotopography on platelets was studied. The use of a gradient in nanotopography allowed for platelet adhesion and activation to be studied as a function of nanoparticle coverage on one single substrate. A peak in platelet adhesion was found at 23% nanoparticle surface coverage. The highest number of activated platelets was found on the smooth control part of the surface, and did not coincide with the number of adhered platelets. Activation correlated inversely with particle coverage, hence the lowest fraction of activated platelets was found at high particle coverage. Hydrophobization of the gradient surface lowered the total number of adhering cells, but not the ratio of activated cells. Little or no effect was seen on gradients with 36 nm particles, suggesting the existence of a lower limit for sensing of surface nano-roughness in platelets. These results demonstrate that parameters such as ratio between size and inter-particle distance can be more relevant for cell response than wettability on nanostructured surfaces. The minor effect of hydrophobicity, the generally reduced activation on nanostructured surfaces and the presence of a cut-off in activation of human platelets as a function of nanoparticle size could have implications for the design of future blood-contacting biomaterials.
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| 34. |
-
Introduction to Product/Service-System Design
- 2009. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The growing need for companies to address service design, as well as product design, in an integrated manner is becoming increasingly important across a number of industries. Product/Service System (PSS) is a promising business model that companies can use to increase their sustainability in a mature economy. Introduction to Product/Service-System Design contains a collection of practical examples demonstrating how to design a PSS in industry. These recent examples are the results of applying various theories developed in different countries and therefore accommodating diverse cultural differences from throughout Europe and Japan.Providing a useful overall guide to the state of the art in theory and practice, each chapter covers the cutting edge of a different methodology or practice. As any PSS design should, in principle, address the offering, the customer or user, and the provider, the book is arranged according to these three dimensions, providing detailed information on how to incorporate such themes into a working design. The book’s focus on design is also evident in the discussion of how to anticipate and utilise the various dynamics within each dimension.Introduction to Product/Service-System Design will help improve working processes and inspire creative thinking for the wide range of people involved in designing a PSS: designers, marketing professionals, sales staff, production engineers, and service engineers. It can also serve as a reference book for university students on advanced courses related to mechanical design, industrial marketing or economics, and production engineering.
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| 35. |
- Kalén, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Combination of reverse and chemical genetic screens reveals angiogenesis inhibitors and targets.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Chemistry & biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1301 .- 1074-5521. ; 16:4, s. 432-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combined reverse and chemical genetics to identify targets and compounds modulating blood vessel development. Through transcript profiling in mice, we identified 150 potentially druggable microvessel-enriched gene products. Orthologs of 50 of these were knocked down in a reverse genetic screen in zebrafish, demonstrating that 16 were necessary for developmental angiogenesis. In parallel, 1280 pharmacologically active compounds were screened in a human cell-based assay, identifying 28 compounds selectively inhibiting endothelial sprouting. Several links were revealed between the results of the reverse and chemical genetic screens, including the serine/threonine (S/T) phosphatases ppp1ca, ppp1cc, and ppp4c and an inhibitor of this gene family; Endothall. Our results suggest that the combination of reverse and chemical genetic screens, in vertebrates, is an efficient strategy for the identification of drug targets and compounds that modulate complex biological systems, such as angiogenesis.
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| 36. |
- Kambanou, Marianna Lena, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
A Literature Review of Life Cycle Costing in the Product-Service System Context
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 2212-8271 .- 2212-8271. ; 47, s. 186-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A transition from a product-selling to a Product-Service Systems (PSS) business model incurs a transition in costs from customer to provider. Due to this shift in cost ownership, Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is used by providers and customers to better understand the PSS costs spanning from design to end-of-life. Through a literature review the paper determines that there are similarities in the approach to LCC for specific types of PSS e.g. availability type, but further research needs to be undertaken to identify commonalities between different types of PSS. The review also discerned that the terminology for LCC is not consistent and sometimes it is used to identify only the costs incurred by a specific actor. Furthermore, the end-of-life stage and the implications of a second life for a remanufactured PSS in LCC are also yet to be fully understood. A number of challenges associated with obtaining quality data for costing within PSS were identified. These include the lack of availability, the relevancy due to use of pre-PSS data that does not reflect the redesign of products and services to fit in PSS and challenges associated with the design paradox. Finally, a lack of empirical studies is noted.
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| 37. |
- Kambanou, Marianna Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Consumption patterns of construction workwear and circular strategies to prolong its lifetime
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS 5th Product Lifetimes And The Environment (PLATE) Conference. - Espoo, Finland. - 9789526413679 ; , s. 474-479
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The textile industry is characterized by unsustainable consumption patterns so circular strategies are being implemented to reduce consumption and waste. Workwear is a significant part of the textile industry but has received little attention from the research community. The aim is to describe the consumption patterns of a specific segment of the workwear industry i.e., construction workwear and explore circular strategies that prolong its lifetime. Data is collected through two sets of interviews, one with construction companies and one with companies in workwear industry and analyzed based on seven circular strategies: Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish and Remanufacture. The research is conducted in Sweden where employers usually provide clothes to employees. Concerning consumption patterns, the main finding is that workwear is usually discarded due to physical defects to the product, but workwear might also lose aesthetic and comfort value. Most construction workers wash their workwear at home, but some never wash items e.g., work trousers. The most promising circular strategy for construction workwear is repair, however, it is not commonplace. Therefore, construction companies need to set up easy-to-use processes and incentivize workers to send their clothes to repair. The lifetime of clothes has already been prolonged due to design changes in recent years and there is potential for more design improvements that can facilitate various circular strategies. Some infrequent fast fashion tendencies were noted, that should be addressed through policy and other measures. This study demonstrates that the workwear industry cannot be considered a homogeneous market, because different conditions that influence circular strategies apply to different segments.
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| 38. |
- Kambanou, Marianna Lena, 1985-
(författare)
-
Life Cycle Costing : Supporting companies towards a circular economy
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increased consumption has resulted in the depletion of non-renewable resources and an explosion in waste. A circular economy proposes to sustain economic growth but decouple it from resource consumption by keeping products and materials in the economy. Established companies have an important role to play because they can implement maintenance, repair, remanufacture, recycling and other circular measures to their offerings, thus facilitating their retention in the economy. When applying circular measures to existing products, their costs and revenues change across the lifecycle, sometimes significantly, thereby calling into question the financial viability of the more circular offering. Life cycle costing (LCC), an existing method for calculating the costs of a product or service across the lifecycle, can help companies take stock of these changes. LCC can also be used in conjunction with Life Cycle Assessment, a method for assessing the environmental impacts of a product or service across the lifecycle.The aim of this research, therefore, is to explore how LCC can be used to support established companies in selecting and implementing circular measures to their offerings. The research is conducted through case studies involving four companies, and data is collected through literature reviews, document and cost data sets analysis, interviews and focus groups. The findings are based on six publications.The identified uses for LCC go beyond the ones that lead to its selection and are commonly discussed in the literature. Firstly, the difference in material cost between the alternatives being compared can be calculated from the LCC results. This can be used as an indicator of the alternatives’ comparative circularity performance. LCC can also provide input to designers on which parts of the offering to prioritize applying a circular measure, as well as cost exchangeability. One of the most significant uses is that LCC can help create awareness, build up an understanding and provide a forum for discussing the challenges associated with implementing circular measures, such as the changing financial incentive structure, uncertainty, improvement areas for information systems and mismatches in stakeholders’ financial incentives. This use is critical in helping individuals and companies overcome mind-set and cultural barriers to a circular economy. Finally, LCC can spread the lifecycle idea and evidence the need for life cycle management (LCM), but may lead to a narrower understanding of the term life cycle and put the focus exclusively on resources rather than environmental impacts.Another finding is that companies, despite the many uses, may not use LCC because it contests elements of their extant practices, such as collective knowledge, mind-set of individuals and symbolic and material objects. It is the outcome of this contestation that will play a significant role in determining if LCC is used.The research also identifies methodological considerations, either generally applicable or specifically relating to the identified uses. For example, data displays and disseminating results are key when using LCC to understand challenges. A key methodological consideration when using LCC to compare alternatives from a financial perspective is whether the alternatives are of equal functionality and value for the customer. If not, the customer’s willingness to pay will change, and revenue will need to be calculated. Apart from companies, this is an important consideration for researchers using LCC to build up a body of knowledge on the economic benefits of more circular offerings compared to business-as-usual. Another issue concerns boundary setting and what to include in the life cycle, which should be decided in a multidisciplinary team. The same is recommended for the majority of methodological choices. Concerning future LCC methodological development, the variety of uses should be acknowledged and explicitly addressed. The reasons for not adopting LCC should also be addressed, and method development should consider how to support establishing LCC as a practice over time so that it improves and becomes routinized. This also means that companies should approach LCC in the same way. In line with this, more effort needs to be put into understanding why LCC is not adopted and developing the methodology to overcome the reasons. Finally, this research demonstrates that LCC can have more uses than at first apparent. Maybe this can inspire researchers to re-examine methods and tools and, in the spirit of a circular economy, try “to do more with less”.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Kellgren, Jan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Funktionsförsäljning : en juridisk översikt och några råd för dig som överväger att börja sälja eller köpa funktion
- 2019
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna populärvetenskapliga guide till juridiken kring funktionsförsäljning (eller, om man så vill, as a service-försäljning) avser att ge dels en översiktlig bild av rättsläget för funktionsförsäljning, dels några goda råd, ur ett i första hand juridiskt perspektiv, för dig som överväger att börja sälja eller köpa funktion. Guiden är skriven med en tänkt målgrupp i sikte, nämligen i första hand företagsledningar som inte har någon egen större avdelning för redovisning och juridik. Vi tror och hoppas dock att den ska visa sig vara användbar för bredare grupper.Här kommer vi också att lägga upp, stegvis förnyade, länkar till vetenskapliga publikationer om juridiken kring funktionsförsäljning (flera är under publicering). Kanske finner du också, med tiden, nya upplagor av denna guide här. Läge för ett bokmärke alltså…Guiden har skrivits av en grupp forskare som under flera år har forskat på juridiken kring funktionsförsäljning. Forskningen har i första hand finansierats av Energimyndigheten (och i nära samarbete med forskningsorganisationen Mistra REES), men vi har också arbetat för näringslivet med dessa frågor.
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| 41. |
- Lannergård, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Sequence variability is correlated with weak immunogenicity in Streptococcus pyogenes M protein.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: MicrobiologyOpen. - : Wiley. - 2045-8827. ; 4:5, s. 774-789
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, a major bacterial virulence factor, has an amino-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) that is a target for type-specific protective antibodies. Intriguingly, the HVR elicits a weak antibody response, indicating that it escapes host immunity by two mechanisms, sequence variability and weak immunogenicity. However, the properties influencing the immunogenicity of regions in an M protein remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the antibody response to different regions of the classical M1 and M5 proteins, in which not only the HVR but also the adjacent fibrinogen-binding B repeat region exhibits extensive sequence divergence. Analysis of antisera from S. pyogenes-infected patients, infected mice, and immunized mice showed that both the HVR and the B repeat region elicited weak antibody responses, while the conserved carboxy-terminal part was immunodominant. Thus, we identified a correlation between sequence variability and weak immunogenicity for M protein regions. A potential explanation for the weak immunogenicity was provided by the demonstration that protease digestion selectively eliminated the HVR-B part from whole M protein-expressing bacteria. These data support a coherent model, in which the entire variable HVR-B part evades antibody attack, not only by sequence variability but also by weak immunogenicity resulting from protease attack.
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| 42. |
- Lannergård, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Hypervariable Region of Streptococcus pyogenes M Protein Escapes Antibody Attack by Antigenic Variation and Weak Immunogenicity.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1934-6069 .- 1931-3128. ; 10:2, s. 147-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence variation of antigenic proteins allows pathogens to evade antibody attack. The variable protein commonly includes a hypervariable region (HVR), which represents a key target for antibodies and is therefore predicted to be immunodominant. To understand the mechanism(s) of antibody evasion, we analyzed the clinically important HVR-containing M proteins of the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibodies elicited by M proteins were directed almost exclusively against the C-terminal part and not against the N-terminal HVR. Similar results were obtained for mice and humans with invasive S. pyogenes infection. Nevertheless, only anti-HVR antibodies protected efficiently against infection, as shown by passive immunizations. The HVR fused to an unrelated protein elicited no antibodies, implying that it is inherently weakly immunogenic. These data indicate that the M protein HVR evades antibody attack not only through antigenic variation but also by weak immunogenicity, a paradoxical observation that may apply to other HVR-containing proteins.
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| 43. |
- Larsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Life cycle assessment of floor care : A comparative study of the Twister™ method and floor care methods using polish and wax
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Today’s society there are a wide variety of floor and floor materials. An extensive range of products and methods are also used to ensure that these floors remain functional. All floor types and products create environmental impact of various kinds and magnitudes.This study was initiated by the authors in order to evaluate the Twister™- method’s environmental pros and cons in relation to other traditional floor care methods. This has been ascertained through a Life Cycle Assessment which was conducted within the study. The study has been in co-operation with HTC Sweden AB, the developer of the Twister™- method.A Life Cycle Assessment helps to identify and quantify the environmental impact of a product or a service, from a holistic perspective, which incorporates extraction of materials, their manufacture, use and waste management. The software application SimaPRo 7.0 has been used in this study, from which the Eco-indicator 99 method has been selected.In the study, the Twister™ method is compared with other floor care methods using polish and wax. The analysis also includes a breakdown of the Twister™ method, as well as a breakdown of the Twister™ pad manufactured by HTC Sweden AB.The results show that the elements of the Twister™ method with the greatest environmental impact are the scrubbing machine that is used and the energy consumption that the Twister™ method requires. The results also show that the Twister™ method has a significantly lower environmental impact than floor care methods using polish or wax. The parts of the Twister™ pad that have the greatest environmental impact are the industrial diamonds and the material that makes up the pad.
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| 44. |
- Larsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Livscykelanalys av golvvård : En jämförande studie av Twister™-metoden och golvvårdsmetoder med polish och vax
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I dagens samhälle finns det en stor variation på golv och golvmaterial. Till dessa finns det en stor variation av de produkter och metoder som används för att hålla dessa golv funktionsdugliga. Samtliga golv och produkter ger upphov till miljöpåverkan av olika storlek och sort.Denna studie är initierad av författarna för att utvärdera hur Twister™- metoden står sig miljömässigt, jämfört med andra traditionella golvvårdsmetoder. Detta sker genom en livscykelanalys. Arbetet har skett i samarbete med företaget HTC Sweden AB som har utvecklat Twister™-metoden.En livscykelanalys ställer en produkt eller tjänst miljöpåverkan utifrån helhetsperspektiv innefattande materialframställning, tillverkning, användning och resthantering. Som hjälp i denna studie har programvaran SimaPro 7.0 använts vari metoden Eco-indikator 99 valts.I studien ställs Twister™-metoden mot golvvårdsmetoder innefattande polish och vax. I analysen sker även en nedbrytning av Twister™-metoden likväl en nedbrytning av den Twister™-rondell som HTC Sweden AB tillverkar.Resultatet visar att den del av Twister™-metoden som har störst miljöpåverkan är den skurmaskin som används och den energianvändning som Twister™-metoden kräver. Resultatet visar även att Twister™-metoden har signifikant lägre miljöpåverkan än golvvårdsmetoderna polish och vax. De delar av Twister™-rondellen som har störst miljöpåverkan är de industridiamanter och den rondell, som Twister™-rondellen består av.
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| 45. |
- Laurenti, Rafael, 1980-
(författare)
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Applications of Systems Thinking within the Sustainability Domain : Product Design, Product Systems and Stakeholder Perspectives
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many of the sustainability challenges our society currently face have arisen as unanticipated side effects of our own modern developments. This thesis investigates if unintended consequences and perspectives are fully addressed by traditional methods for providing decision-making support within the sustainability domain. For that purpose, Systems Thinking is utilised in three cases: in the first, Systems Thinking is used to analyse sustainability issues relating to the current product design paradigm. In the second case, Systems Thinking is applied to two product systems – household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles. The third case discusses different stakeholder perspectives in environmental decision-making and proposes a way to combine the ESA tools LCA, LCC and CBA in order to consider the different stakeholder perspectives. Results of the first case point out that the practices within the current design paradigm are focused on innovations and improvements in material and energy efficiency. These practices have led to the following unintended consequences: consumption rebound effects, increased waste, pollution, negative externalities, economic inequalities and other environmental and social negative impacts. These unintended consequences are represented in a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). The diagram graphically illustrates how these unintended consequences influence one another and interact by means of cause-effect linkages and reinforcing feedback loops. A novel conceptual framework named Sustainability-Driven Systems-Oriented Design is proposed to work within broader system boundaries in order to address possible negative side effects that micro-level gains could have on macro-level losses. In the case of the two product systems, a CLD for household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles is developed. The CLDs represent how selected variables interact by means of cause-effect associations to affect environmental impacts of the products. The CLD technique appears to be a useful way to connect quantitative assessment (from Life Cycle Assessment) with qualitative analysis (from Systems Thinking). In the third case it is argued that stakeholders tend to adopt different system boundaries and make assumptions according to their perspective when they use ESA tools in environmental decision-making. A way to combine ESA tools is suggested to facilitate the observation of the environmental decision from different viewpoints. It concludes, to some extent, that traditional methods for providing decision-making support can handle certain parameters that may result in unintended consequences. Systems Thinking may assist in the process of performing qualitative analyses of what is important to consider in order to strengthen the robustness of, and improve on the recommended actions from, quantitative detailed analyses.
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| 46. |
- Leosdottir, Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort profile: Data standards for cardiac rehabilitation structure and processes for the SWEDEHEART cardiac rehabilitation (SWEDEHEART-CR) registry
- 2023
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data standards for quality registries should be evidence-based and follow guideline recommendations. To optimally monitor quality of care, not only patient-level variables, but also centre-level variables need to be included. Here we describe the development of variables to audit the structure and processes in cardiac rehabilitation for patients after myocardial infarction, and the resulting data standards to be implemented in the Swedish quality registry for cardiac disease, SWEDEHEART. The methodology used for the development of international clinical data standards for the European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) was followed. Based on national guidelines for secondary prevention, candidate variables were prepared, after which a multiprofessional expert group on cardiac rehabilitation selected key variables and assured face validity. An external reference group had the role of peer reviewing, ascertaining content validity and test-retest reliability. The process has resulted in 30 data standards to be introduced into the SWEDEHEART cardiac rehabilitation registry and administered on centre-level biannually. The data standards include measures of human resources, centre requirements and process-based metrics. Including registry variables which audit centre-level structure and processes is essential to improve benchmarking and standardize monitoring of quality of care, covering both services provided and patient outcomes.
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| 47. |
- Lindahl, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Genomgång av hantering av organogena marker inom klimatrapporteringen
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utsläppen av växthusgaser från dränerad organogen mark står idag (år 2020) för utsläpp motsvarande 10,8 Mt CO2 ekvivalenter, vilket motsvarar närmare 30 % av det totala nettoupptaget i LULUCF-sektorn och 20 % av Sveriges fossila utsläpp. Genom att uppdatera beräkningsmetoderna för dessa typer av marker, allteftersom ny kunskap tillkommer, förbättras noggrannheten för de totala växthusgasemissionerna i stort. Denna rapport går igenom hanteringen av organogena jordar inom Sveriges klimatrapportering och presenterar förslag på nya beräkningsmetoder baserade på uppdaterade databaser, nya datamaterial och expertbedömningar. Bland annat beskrivs lämpligheten i att använda någon av två nyutvecklade dikeskarteringar som beräkningsunderlag, om det är rimligt att som nu använda Jordbruksverkets blockdatabas för att beräkna årlig andel organogen åkermark och om motsvarande metod även kan vara lämplig för betesmark. Vidare presenteras en ny metod för emissionsberäkning för marker som exploateras, d.v.s. marker vars ägoslag övergår till Bebyggd mark.Syftet med detta projekt var att föreslå hur de nya skattningarna av areal organogen åkermark som togs fram under 2021 bör implementeras och se över hur dränerad organogen mark hanteras för olika ägoslag och mark under markanvändningsförändring, dels för att öka konsistensen inom klimatrapporteringen, dels för att undvika överlapp ägoslagen emellan. Vidare undersöks möjligheter till förbättrade arealberäkningsmetoder baserade på alternativa datamaterial.Förutom ett förslag om att implementera nya beräkningar av arealen organogen åkermark så utmynnar rapporten i ytterligare tio förslag till förändringar av Sveriges klimatrapportering för organogen mark. Ett förslag innebär en stratifiering av emissionsberäkningarna för bebyggd mark på så sätt att beräkningen för den delareal som är organogen mark under kraftledning på produktiv skogsmark beräknas med samma emissionsfaktor som för skogsmark. Ett annat förslag förfinar beräkning av arealen dränerad organogen mark för marker under konvertering som tidigare varit Åkermark, då man för detta ägoslag kan utgå från att all mark är dränerad. Ett tredje förslag innebär att en inkonsekvent rapportering gällande arealen torvproduktion korrigeras genom att rapportera denna som en del av Våtmark istället för Bebyggd mark. Tre förslag gäller emissionsberäkningar vid ägoslagsförändring till Bebyggd mark. Dessa innefattar en uppdatering av de ursprungliga ägoslagens initiala kolförråd till 1000 ton C ha-1 samt ett antagande om konverteringspåverkad areal då ursprungligt ägoslag är Våtmark, men också en större metodförändring för beräkning av emissioner från de bortschaktade jordmassorna. Denna metod innefattar en genomsnittlig årlig kolförlust baserad på en årlig avgång av 3 % av kolförrådet inom konverteringsperioden (d.v.s. under 20 år) varefter fortsatt emission, beräknad som den genomsnittliga avgången för kommande 40 år, rapporteras i en underkategori till ägoslagskategorin Bebyggd mark som förblir bebyggd mark. Vidare föreslås även att emissioner från mark som övergår till Övrig mark från Skogsmark, Åkermark och Gräsmark inkluderas i rapporteringen. De resterande tre förslagen gäller val av emissionsfaktor (det ursprungliga eller det nya ägoslagets emissionsfaktor) vid ägoslagsförändringar.En implementering av samtliga av rapportens förslag på klimatrapporteringen för år 2020 innebär en ökning av beräknade växthusgasemissioner från organogen mark i LULUCF-sektorn från 10 781 kt CO2-ekvivalenter per år till 11 216 kt CO2-ekvivalenter, motsvarande en ökning med 4 %. Mest genomslag, förutom effekten av den uppdaterade arealen organogen åkermark, gav förändringsförslagen gällande organogen skogsmark som konverteras till bebyggd mark. Omräkningen av arealen organogen åkermark leder också till en minskning av utsläppen av lustgas från odlad organogen mark som redovisas i jordbrukssektorn från 822 till 694 kt CO2 ekvivalenter för år 2020.
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| 48. |
- Lindahl, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Markanvändning på organogena jordar i Sverige : En översikt av markanvändning, och förändring i markanvändning, på organogena jordar inom jordbruksmark och skogsmark
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport presenteras resultaten av ett projekt med syfte att beräkna arealer av olika typer av markanvändning på organogena jordar utifrån senast tillgängliga datakällor för markanvändning och jordart. Rapporten kommer att utgöra ett underlag för eventuella uppdateringar av den metod som idag används inom den svenska växthusgasrapporteringen för beräkning av växthusgasemissioner från främst organogen jordbruksmark. I den nationella växthusgasrapporteringen till UNFCCC rapporterar Sverige torvjordar som uppfyller FAOs definitioner för histosoler (FAO, 1998), som organogena jordar. Enligt den svenska jordartsklassificeringen hör dock även gyttjejordar med en organisk halt på över 6 % till de organogena jordarna. Vid jordartskartering hålls inte alltid torv och gyttjejordar åtskilda.Korrekt information om torvmarkens ytareal, samt fördelningen av olika markanvändningskategorier över dessa, är väsentlig vid utvärdering och bedömning av dränerade torvjordars miljöpåverkan. Tillgången på information innebär att skattningarna görs på lite olika sätt. Inom den svenska växthusgasrapporteringen till UNFCCC beräknas t ex arealen organogen skogsmark baserat på Markinventeringens löpande inventering medan arealen organogen jordbruksmark, över tid, antas förändras proportionerligt med den totala jordbruksarealen baserat på en skattning av arealen organogen jordbruksmark från 2015.
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| 49. |
- Lindahl, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Växthusgasemissioner från dränerad organogen naturbetesmark : Uppdatering av nationella emissionsfaktorer (CO2, N2O, CH4) för Sveriges rapportering av LULUCF-sektorn till FN och EU
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den svenska växthusgasrapporteringen definieras gräsmark som naturbetesmark. Markanvändningen på naturbetesmark har ansetts vara mer lik den för skogsmark än den som sker på de intensivt brukade gräsmarker som IPCC:s standardfaktorer för dränerad organogen gräsmark till övervägande del baseras på vad gäller emissioner av koldioxid, lustgas, metan från dräneringsdiken och metan från mark i tempererat klimat. Utifrån detta resonemang har Sverige, sedan submission 2015, istället nyttjat IPCC:s standardfaktorer för skogsmark vid beräkning av dessa emissioner för dränerad organogen naturbetesmark.I denna rapport presenteras resultaten av ett utredningsprojekt, vars syfte var att antingen motivera valet av de emissionsfaktorer för dränerad organogen gräsmark som används idag eller, alternativt, föreslå att dessa ersätts med mer relevanta emissionsfaktorer. Utredningen baseras dels på en genomgång och utvärdering av befintlig litteratur, dels på en jämförande dataanalys av svenska dränerade organogena naturbetesmarker och skogsmarker.Litteraturstudien visar att markanvändningens intensitet signifikant påverkar växthusgasemissioner, bekräftar att det är olämpligt att applicera IPCC:s standardfaktorer på extensivt brukade organogena gräsmarker och påvisar behovet av särskilda emissionsfaktorer för sådana marker. Endast ett fåtal studier av årliga växthusgasemissioner baserade på emissionsmätningar har utförts på extensivt brukade organogena betesmarker. Det är därför inte möjligt att ta fram några robusta emissionsfaktorer utifrån dessa studier. Litteraturstudien indikerar dock att IPCC:s standardfaktorer för gräsmark överskattar den totala emissionen för naturbetesmarker samtidigt som studien inte ger belägg för att IPCC:s emissionsfaktorer för skogsmark underskattar denna.Dataanalysen av svenska dränerade organogena marker kunde inte särskilja de två markanvändningskategorierna naturbetesmark och skogsmark med avseende på kolkväve-kvoten, en indikator för torvjordars nedbrytningsgrad vilken varierar med markanvändningssystem.Utredningsprojektets samlade resultat utmynnar i en rekommendation av fortsatt användning av IPCC:s standardfaktorer för skogsmark för dränerad organogen naturbetesmark fram till dess att nya data för denna typ av mark publiceras, allra helst i form av resultat från mätningar av växthusgasemissioner.
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| 50. |
- Lindahl, Dan, et al.
(författare)
-
Automated interpretation of myocardial SPECT perfusion images using artificial neural networks
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 38:12, s. 1870-1875
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-based method for automatic detection and localization of coronary artery disease (CAD) in myocardial bull's-eye scintigrams. Methods: A population of 135 patients who had undergone both myocardial 99mTc-sestamibi rest-stress scintigraphy and coronary angiography within 3 mo was studied. Different image data reduction methods, including pixel averaging and two-dimensional Fourier transform, were applied to the bull's-eye scintigrams. After a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of these methods, 30 Fourier components were chosen as inputs to multilayer perceptron artificial neural networks. The networks were trained to detect CAD in two vascular territories, using coronary angiography as gold standard. A 'leave one out' procedure was used for training and evaluation. The performance of the networks was compared to those of two human experts. Results: One of the human experts detected CAD in one of two vascular territories, with a sensitivity of 54.4% at a specificity of 70.5%. The sensitivity of the networks was significantly higher at that level of specificity (77.2%, p = 0.0022). The other expert had a sensitivity of 63.2% at a specificity of 61.5%. The networks had a sensitivity of 77.2% (p = 0.038) at this specificity level as well. The differences in sensitivity between human experts and networks for the other vascular territory were all less than 6% and were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Artificial neural networks can detect CAD in myocardial bull's-eye scintigrams with such a high accuracy that the application of neural networks as clinical decision support tools appears to have significant potential.
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