| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Using Post- or Prebronchodilator Reference Values in Interpreting Spirometry
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. - : American Thoracic Society. - 1073-449X .- 1535-4970. ; 208:4, s. 461-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: Post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry is used for diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, pre-BD reference values are used for spirometry interpretation.OBJECTIVES: To compare the resulting prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and study the consequences of using pre- or post-BD reference values generated within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) when interpreting post-BD spirometry in a general population.METHODS: SCAPIS reference values for post-BD and pre-BD spirometry were based on 10,156 and 1,498 never-smoking, healthy participants, respectively. We studied the associations of abnormal spirometry, defined by using pre- or post-BD reference values, with respiratory burden in the SCAPIS general population (28,851 individuals).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Bronchodilation resulted in higher predicted median and lower limit of normal (LLN) for FEV1/FVC ratio. The prevalence of post-BD FEV1/FVC < pre-bronchodilator LLN was 4.8% and that of post-BD FEV1/FVC < post-bronchodilator LLN was 9.9% for the general population. An additional 5.1% was identified as having an abnormal post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio and this group had more respiratory symptoms, emphysema (13.5% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001) and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD (2.8% vs. 0.5%, p<0.001) than subjects with post-BD FEV1/FVC ratio > LLN for both pre- and post-bronchodilation).CONCLUSIONS: Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry reference values differ with regard to FEV1/FVC ratio. Use of post-bronchodilator reference values doubled the population prevalence of airflow obstruction; this was related to a higher respiratory burden. Using post-bronchodilator reference values when interpreting post-bronchodilator spirometry might enable identification of individuals with mild disease and be clinically relevant.
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| 3. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 6. |
- Bjerg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shorter time to clinical decision in work-related asthma using a digital tool
- 2020
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Ingår i: ERJ open research. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 2312-0541. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PEF curves are a useful but cumbersome tool in diagnosing work-related asthma. Using a digital spirometer and smartphone app, time to clinical decision could be shortened by 6-7 weeks. Physician's time spent analysing PEF data is also shortened.
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| 7. |
- Boillos, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Isotopic cross sections of fragmentation residues produced by light projectiles on carbon near
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9993 .- 2469-9985. ; 105:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured 135 cross sections of residual nuclei produced in fragmentation reactions of C12, N14, and O13−16,20,22 projectiles impinging on a carbon target at kinetic energies of near 400A MeV, most of them for the first time, with the RB3/LAND setup at the GSI facility in Darmstadt (Germany). The use of this state-of-the-art experimental setup in combination with the inverse kinematics technique gave the full identification in atomic and mass numbers of fragmentation residues with a high precision. The cross sections of these residues were determined with uncertainties below 20% for most of the cases. These data are compared to other previous measurements with stable isotopes and are also used to benchmark different model calculations.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bradling, Björn
(författare)
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Låt romanen komma in – Transformativt lärande i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- “Låt romanen komma in – Transformativt lärande i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning“ är en litteraturdidaktisk studie i forskningsämnet pedagogik som tar syftestexten för litteraturundervisningen i det gymnasiala svenskämnet som utgångspunkt. Genom en förstudie där elva svensklärare och en skolbibliotekarie samtalar i fokusgrupper riktas projektet mot sitt huvudfokus som är en läsloggsintervention där 31 elever i gymnasiekursen Svenska 3 läser John Ajvide Lindqvists “Låt den rätte komma in” (Ordfront, 2004/2015). Med hjälp av begrepp från läsforskning (Rita Felski, “Uses of Literature”, Blackwell Publishing, 2008) och erfarenheter från förstudien för eleverna logg över sin läsning. Resultatet av läsloggsinterventionen visar att elevernas metareflektion hjälps framåt av begreppsanvändningen och att eleverna därmed tar steget in i en transformativ lärandeprocess. Licentiatavhandlingen innehåller en analys av den didaktiska potentialen för transformativt lärande med fokus på fokalisation och främmandegöring i Ajvide Lindqvists roman samt en praktisk modell för hur begreppsorienterad litteraturundervisning med läslogg på gymnasiet kan utformas.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Huynh, Khoa, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of total concentration of thiol functional groups in environmental samples by titration with monobromo(trimethylammonio) bimane and determination with tandem mass spectrometry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140 .- 1873-3573. ; 218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thiol compounds (R–SH) have many important biological functions and are principal controls of the speciation of several toxic metals in the environment. However, determining the concentration of thiols associated with environmental matrices is challenging due to the compounds’ low abundance and interferences from non-thiol compounds for many available methods. Here a novel method has been developed and validated to quantify the total concentration of thiol functional groups in aqueous samples using derivatization with monobromo(trimethylammonio)bimane (qBBr) and quantification with tandem mass spectrometry. The thiol concentration was determined by titration of the sample with qBBr, which reacts selectively with thiols, and quantification of the residual qBBr. We systematically evaluated potential interferences from various organic compounds, inorganic ions (including sea water matrices), sulfide and mercury (Hg) species, and demonstrate that the method is highly sensitive, selective and robust. The limit of detection (LOD) for total thiols is in the nanomolar concentration range (~6 nM). The method performance was also demonstrated by determination of the total thiol concentration in different natural samples including boreal stream water (1.16 μM), wetland porewater (0.96 μM) and the Suwanee River natural organic matter (NOM) reference material SR101 N (7.9 μmol g−1). The developed method represents a combination of low LOD and high selectivity and robustness that is unsurpassed for total thiol concentration measurements.
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| 12. |
- Kirdok, Emrah, et al.
(författare)
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Metagenomic analysis of Mesolithic chewed pitch reveals poor oral health among stone age individuals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prehistoric chewed pitch has proven to be a useful source of ancient DNA, both from humans and their microbiomes. Here we present the metagenomic analysis of three pieces of chewed pitch from Huseby Klev, Sweden, that were dated to 9,890-9,540 before present. The metagenomic profile exposes a Mesolithic oral microbiome that includes opportunistic oral pathogens. We compared the data with healthy and dysbiotic microbiome datasets and we identified increased abundance of periodontitis-associated microbes. In addition, trained machine learning models predicted dysbiosis with 70-80% probability. Moreover, we identified DNA sequences from eukaryotic species such as red fox, hazelnut, red deer and apple. Our results indicate a case of poor oral health during the Scandinavian Mesolithic, and show that pitch pieces have the potential to provide information on material use, diet and oral health.
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| 13. |
- Larsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling med läkemedel kan reducera mortaliteten vid KOL : [Pharmacological treatment reduces mortality in COPD]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 500 000 individuals in Sweden have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Co-morbid, especially cardiovascular, conditions are common in COPD and globally COPD is the third most common cause of mortality. Mortality in COPD is driven by dyspnea, exacerbations and comorbidities and is reduced by smoking cessation and lung rehabilitation. Also, pharmacological treatment, in particular inhaled corticosteroids, reduces mortality in COPD. The reduction in mortality that can be achieved by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in combinations with long-acting bronchodilators is of the same order of magnitude as the effect on mortality by treatment of hyperlipidemia and hypertension.
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| 14. |
- Larsson, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling med läkemedel kan reducera mortaliteten vid KOL
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 500 000 individuals in Sweden have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Co-morbid, especially cardiovascular, conditions are common in COPD and globally COPD is the third most common cause of mortality. Mortality in COPD is driven by dyspnea, exacerbations and comorbidities and is reduced by smoking cessation and lung rehabilitation. Also, pharmacological treatment, in particular inhaled corticosteroids, reduces mortality in COPD. The reduction in mortality that can be achieved by treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in combinations with long-acting bronchodilators is of the same order of magnitude as the effect on mortality by treatment of hyperlipidemia and hypertension.
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| 15. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in leisure-time physical activity during the adult life span and relations to cardiovascular risk factors-Results from multiple Swedish studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate how self-reported leisure-time physical activity (PA) changes during the adult life span, and to study how PA is related to cardiovascular risk factors using longitudinal studies. Methods Several Swedish population-based longitudinal studies were used in the present study (PIVUS, ULSAM, SHE, and SHM, ranging from hundreds to 30,000 participants) to represent information across the adult life span in both sexes. Also, two cross-sectional studies were used as comparison (EpiHealth, LifeGene). PA was assessed by questionnaires on a four or five-level scale. Results Taking results from several samples into account, an increase in PA from middle-age up to 70 years was found in males, but not in females. Following age 70, a decline in PA was seen. Young adults reported both a higher proportion of sedentary behavior and a higher proportion high PA than the elderly. Females generally reported a lower PA at all ages. PA was mainly associated with serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, but also weaker relationships with fasting glucose, blood pressure and BMI were found. These relationships were generally less strong in elderly subjects. Conclusion Using data from multiple longitudinal samples the development of PA over the adult life span could be described in detail and the relationships between PA and cardiovascular risk factors were portrayed. In general, a higher or increased physical activity over time was associated with a more beneficial cardiovascular risk factor profile, especially lipid levels.
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| 16. |
- Lindberg, Aleksandra, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Gas phase composition of a NiMH battery during a work cycle
- 2024
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 14:28, s. 19996-20003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Side reactions leading to gas evolution are undesirable in batteries and result in reduced coulombic efficiency and shortened lifetime. Quantitative analysis of the gases that evolve is therefore important to improve understanding of the reactions occurring in the battery during cycling and could be used to optimize battery operation. However, the measurements are challenging because batteries are by their nature closed with limited gas space. Nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are widely used due to their good rate capability, reliability, and environmental friendliness. The battery type has been extensively studied in terms of degradation and performance. However, very few studies have been conducted on the gas composition created during a work cycle. In this study, two methods for investigating the internal NiMH battery gas phase composition during different charge/discharge cycles using a mass spectrometer (MS) were developed. In the first method, the battery module was connected by a sampler system. In the second method, the battery was connected directly using a microcapillary, and the gas composition was continuously measured. In addition to the gas composition, the voltage, pressure, and temperature of the battery were recorded. The most abundant component in the measured gas phase was nitrogen, present in the cell from the assembly stage, followed by hydrogen. A clear rising trend of hydrogen pressure as depth of charge (DOC) increased was recorded, while oxygen levels were low except around the end of charge. The methods were found to be a reliable means of investigating NiMH gas composition without negatively affecting the battery and may be adapted to other battery chemistries. In this study, two methods for investigating the internal NiMH battery gas phase composition during different charge/discharge cycles using a mass spectrometer (MS) were developed.
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| 17. |
- Lindberg, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Process efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in black soldier fly larvae composting of fruit and vegetable waste with and without pre-treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One technology that implements circular economy principles is black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting. To assess the environmental impact of BSFL technology, more data on emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and ammonia are needed. This study investigated process efficiency and GHG emissions from BSFL composting of orange peels and a mix of broccoli and cauliflower trimmings, with and without pre-treatment. Two weeks of substrate pre-treatment with ammonia or fungi (Trichoderma reesei) were investigated, and direct emissions of GHG and ammonia from the process were evaluated. Process efficiency was evaluated by waste-to-biomass conversion efficiency (BCE) and material reduction. In BSFL composting of trimmings, BCE was not significantly improved by pre-treatment, However, larval volatile solids (VS) load in the fungi pre-treated treatment was very low, likely contributing to low BCE. BCE was low (6%) in the peel control and even lower in the pre treatments, indicating that this substrate is unsuitable for BSFL composting. Material reduction was largest for trimmings (84%) and peels (60%) pre-treated with fungi. Emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), expressed in CO2-eq, were very low (0.04-1.57 g/kg initial wet weight (ww)) compared with direct CO2 emissions (47-147 g/kg initial ww). Fungi pre-treatment appeared to make the trimmings more available to the larvae, while also drying out the substrate and removing a large proportion of available VS. Thus fungi pretreatment could be used to increase waste treatment capacity. Ammonia pre-treatment reduced emissions of CH4 and N2O without affecting overall BCE, but significantly increased NH3 emissions.
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| 18. |
- Lindberg, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Process efficiency in relation to enzyme pre-treatment duration in black soldier fly larvae composting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 137, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting is a treatment in which biodegradable food waste is converted into animal-feed protein and organic fertiliser. BSFL composting has greatest potential for mixed food waste, but under European Union regulations only plant-based waste is permitted as feed for larvae. Biomass conversion efficiency (BCE) in BSFL composting is lower for plant-based waste than for mixed food waste. One way of improving BCE for plant-based waste is to add enzymes to make the waste more available to the larvae, but enzyme pre-treatment is not commonly applied prior to BSFL composting. Therefore this study examined the impact of enzyme pre-treatment duration on process efficiency in BSFL composting of lettuce-cabbage waste pretreated with enzymes for 0-4 days. The results showed that total solids (TS) in larvae decreased with longer enzyme pre-treatment. Direct addition of enzymes at the start of BSFL treatment (0 day pre-treatment) resulted in 22% higher BCE on a volatile solids (VS) basis compared with the control, while longer pre-treatment did not improve BCE further. Much of the VS was respired in the 0-day pre-treatment, resulting in lower mass of residues at the end of treatment. Longer pre-treatment increased microbial respiration, suggesting that the microbial community consumed more easily available carbohydrates during the pre-treatment step, which counteracted the purpose of enzyme pre-treatment, i.e. increasing BCE during BSFL composting.
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| 19. |
- Malinovschi, Andrei, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations for diffusing capacity in relation to respiratory burden in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - Lausanne, Switzerland : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has recently published international reference values for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower limit of normal (LLN), i.e. the 5th percentile, usually defines impaired DLCO. We examined if the GLI LLN for DLCO differs from the LLN in a Swedish population of healthy, never-smoking individuals and how any such differences affect identification of subjects with respiratory burden.Spirometry, DLCO, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and questionnaires were obtained from the first 15 040 participants, aged 50–64 years, of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Both GLI reference values and the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method were used to define the LLN in asymptomatic never-smokers without respiratory disease (n=4903, of which 2329 were women).Both the median and LLN for DLCO from SCAPIS were above the median and LLN from the GLI (p<0.05). The prevalence of DLCO DLCO >GLI LLN but DLCO >GLI LLN but versus 4.5%, p<0.001), chronic airflow limitation (8.5% versus 3.9%, p<0.001) and chronic bronchitis (8.3% versus 4.4%, p<0.01) than subjects (n=13 600) with normal DLCO (>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN). No differences were found with regard to physician-diagnosed asthma.The GLI LLN for DLCO is lower than the estimated LLN in healthy, never-smoking, middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with DLCO above the GLI LLN but below the SCAPIS LLN had, to a larger extent, an increased respiratory burden. This suggests clinical implications for choosing an adequate LLN for studied populations.
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| 20. |
- Mezheyeuski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
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An immune score reflecting pro- and anti-tumoural balance of tumour microenvironment has major prognostic impact and predicts immunotherapy response in solid cancers
- 2023
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3964. ; 88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cancer immunity is based on the interaction of a multitude of cells in the spatial context of the tumour tissue. Clinically relevant immune signatures are therefore anticipated to fundamentally improve the accuracy in predicting disease progression.Methods: Through a multiplex in situ analysis we evaluated 15 immune cell classes in 1481 tumour samples. Single-cell and bulk RNAseq data sets were used for functional analysis and validation of prognostic and predictive associations.Findings: By combining the prognostic information of anti-tumoural CD8+ lymphocytes and tumour supportive CD68+CD163+ macrophages in colorectal cancer we generated a signature of immune activation (SIA). The prognostic impact of SIA was independent of conventional parameters and comparable with the state-of-art immune score. The SIA was also associated with patient survival in oesophageal adenocarcinoma, bladder cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma, but not in endometrial, ovarian and squamous cell lung carcinoma. We identified CD68+CD163+ macrophages as the major producers of complement C1q, which could serve as a surrogate marker of this macrophage subset. Consequently, the RNA-based version of SIA (ratio of CD8A to C1QA) was predictive for survival in independent RNAseq data sets from these six cancer types. Finally, the CD8A/C1QA mRNA ratio was also predictive for the response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Interpretation: Our findings extend current concepts to procure prognostic information from the tumour immune microenvironment and provide an immune activation signature with high clinical potential in common human cancer types.
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| 21. |
- Olvmo, Mats, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-arctic palsa degradation and the role of climatic drivers in the largest coherent palsa mire complex in Sweden (Vissatvuopmi), 1955-2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial palsa degradation has occurred in Fennoscandia, which is considered to be driven by global climate change. Deeper understanding of the role of different climatic drivers on palsa decay, however, is lacking. We use meteorological data and aerial photographs from 1955 to 2016 to statistically identify the most important climatic drivers affecting changes in lateral-temporal palsa decay rates in the largest coherent palsa complex in Sweden, Vissatvuopmi. We show that wetter, warmer and shorter winters are the main causes of large and rapid changes in lateral-palsa extent since the mid-1950s. By analyzing meteorological data from the 1880s to present, we show that average annual temperature conditions have been unfavourable for palsas for more than a century and average annual precipitation conditions have been unfavourable since the 1940s. The decay rates have likely been amplified over the past 50-60 years, and in particular over the most recent decades, due to the combined effect of adverse air temperature and precipitation conditions. Palsa loss is expected to continue, most likely at a higher rate than today, with serious ecological impacts as a consequence.
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| 22. |
- Thorsson, Sofia, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Is Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) a superior screening tool for heat stress risk than Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index? : Eight years of data from the Gothenburg half marathon
- 2021
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 55:15, s. 825-830
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index is a common tool to screen for heat stress for sporting events. However, the index has a number of limitations. Rational indices, such as the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), are potential alternatives. Aim: To identify the thermal index that best predicts ambulance-required assistances and collapses during a city half marathon. Methods: Eight years (2010-2017) of meteorological and ambulance transport data, including medical records, from Gothenburg's half-marathon were used to analyse associations between WBGT, PET and UTCI and the rates of ambulance-required assistances and collapses. All associations were evaluated by Monte-Carlo simulations and leave-one-out-cross-validation. Results: The PET index showed the strongest correlation with both the rate of ambulance-required assistances (R2=0.72, p=0.008) and collapses (R2=0.71, p=0.008), followed by the UTCI (R2=0.64, p=0.017; R2=0.64, p=0.017) whereas the WBGT index showed substantially poorer correlations (R2=0.56, p=0.031; R2=0.56, p=0.033). PET stages of stress, match the rates of collapses better that the WBGT flag colour warning. Compared with the PET, the WBGT underestimates heat stress, especially at high radiant heat load. The rate of collapses increases with increasing heat stress; large increase from the day before the race seems to have an impact of the rate of collapses. Conclusion: We contend that the PET is a better predictor of collapses during a half marathon than the WBGT. We call for further investigation of PET as a screening tool alongside WBGT.
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| 23. |
- Wallenberg, Nils, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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An anisotropic parameterization scheme for longwave irradiance and its impact on radiant load in urban outdoor settings
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 67, s. 633-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A robust representation of the radiative properties in complex urban settings is important for accurate estimations of radiant load. Here, we present a new parameterization scheme in the SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model that partitions the upper hemisphere into 153 patches. Partitioning of the upper hemisphere enables determination if longwave irradiance originates from the sky, vegetation, sunlit building surfaces, or shaded building surfaces from each patch. Furthermore, a model for anisotropic sky longwave irradiance where emissivity increases with zenith angle is included. Comparisons between observations and simulations show high correlation, with R2 and RMSE for Tmrt of 0.94 and 4.6 °C, respectively, and R2 and RMSE for longwave radiation of 0.89 and 14.1 Wm−2, respectively. Simulations show that mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) can be up to 1.5 °C higher with an anisotropic sky compared to a uniform sky as an effect of higher radiant load on the vertical of a human when sky longwave irradiance increases with zenith angle. In comparisons of simulated Tmrt with the new parameterization and old parameterization schemes, previously overestimated Tmrt under trees (high sky obstruction, sky view factor (SVF)<0.3) can be decreased by up to 3 °C from more realistic estimations using the patches. Moreover, Tmrt close to sunlit walls (SVF~0.5) is increased by up to 2–3 °C from increased exposure to sunlit surfaces. Concluding, anisotropic sky longwave radiation and directionality of longwave radiation from different sources are important in estimations of Tmrt of humans in outdoor settings.
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| 24. |
- Wallenberg, Nils, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of anisotropic diffuse shortwave radiation on mean radiant temperature in outdoor urban environments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban Climate. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0955. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During clear weather conditions the main part of the shortwave irradiance derives from sun direct-beam radiation. However, part of the shortwave radiation also originates from all-sky diffuse radiation (D), with a large part being circumsolar in origin. Many radiation models considers the sky as isotropic when estimating D. Here we implement an anisotropic model for D into the SOLWEIG model to examine the spatial patterns of D in a built-up environment, as well as its influence on mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), a variable essential for estimating outdoor human thermal comfort. Comparisons between the anisotropic and the isotropic models indicates that the D in the isotropic model is overestimated in shaded areas and underestimated in areas close to sunlit walls. This is explained by the circumsolar origin of D during clear and semi-cloudy conditions and solar altitude. These over- and underestimations, consecutively, have implications for Tmrt, which can differ by up to 3 °C. The deviations in D thus signify the importance of using an anisotropic model when estimating D and Tmrt, especially since the areas with the highest reported radiant loads receive even more radiation considering an anisotropic diffuse sky, i.e. the hottest areas are even hotter than previously reported.
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| 25. |
- Zarei, Maryam, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of gross tumour volume delineation with [68Ga]-PSMA-PET compared to histopathology for high-risk prostate cancer
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : MJS Publishing, Medical Journals Sweden. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 63, s. 503-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The delineation of intraprostatic lesions is vital for correct delivery of focal radiotherapy boost in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Errors in the delineation could translate into reduced tumour control and potentially increase the side effects. The purpose of this study is to compare PET-based delineation methods with histopathology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 15 patients with confirmed high-risk PC intended for prostatectomy. [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR was performed prior to surgery. Prostate lesions identified in histopathology were transferred to the in vivo [68Ga]-PSMA-PET/MR coordinate system. Four radiation oncologists manually delineated intraprostatic lesions based on PET data. Various semi-automatic segmentation methods were employed, including absolute and relative thresholds, adaptive threshold, and multi-level Otsu threshold.RESULTS: The gross tumour volumes (GTVs) delineated by the oncologists showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.68. In comparison with histopathology, manual delineations exhibited the highest median DSC and the lowest false discovery rate (FDR) among all approaches. Among semi-automatic approaches, GTVs generated using standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholds above 4 (SUV > 4) demonstrated the highest median DSC (0.41), with 0.51 median lesion coverage ratio, FDR of 0.66 and the 95th percentile of the Hausdorff distance (HD95%) of 8.22 mm.INTERPRETATION: Manual delineations showed a moderate level of interobserver agreement. Compared to histopathology, manual delineations and SUV > 4 exhibited the highest DSC and the lowest HD95% values. The methods that resulted in a high lesion coverage were associated with a large overestimation of the size of the lesions.
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