| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal trends of HLA genotype frequencies of type 1 diabetes patients in Sweden from 1986 to 2005 suggest altered risk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 45:4, s. 231-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes in 1-18-year-old patients with type 1 diabetes newly diagnosed in 1986-1987 (n = 430), 1996-2000 (n = 342) and in 2003-2005 (n = 171). We tested the hypothesis that the HLA DQ genotype distribution changes over time. Swedish type 1 diabetes patients and controls were typed for HLA using polymerase chain reaction amplification and allele specific probes for DQ A1* and B1* alleles. The most common type 1 diabetes HLA DQA1*-B1*genotype 0501-0201/0301-0302 was 36% (153/430) in 1986-1987 and 37% (127/342) in 1996-2000, but decreased to 19% (33/171) in 2003-2005 (P \ 0.0001). The 0501-0201/0501-0201 genotype increased from 1% in 1986-1987 to 7% in 1996-2000 (P = 0.0047) and to 5% in 2003-2005 (P > 0.05). This study in 1-18-year-old Swedish type 1 diabetes patients supports the notion that there is a temporal change in HLA risk.
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| 3. |
- Agervald, Åsa
(författare)
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Maturation and Regulation of Cyanobacterial Hydrogenases
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Accelerated global warming plus an increasing need for energy is an equation not easily solved, thus new forms of sustainable energy production are urgently requested. In this context hydrogen production based on a cyanobacterial system offers an environmentally friendly alternative for energy capture and conversion. Cyanobacteria can produce hydrogen gas from sun light and water through the combination of photosystems and hydrogenases, and are suitable to cultivate in large scale. In the present thesis the maturation process of [NiFe]-hydrogenases is investigated with special focus on transcription of the accessory genes encoding proteins needed for assembly of the large and possibly also for the small hydrogenase subunit. The cyanobacteria used are two N2-fixing, filamentous, heterocystous strains; Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. For a biotechnological exploration of hydrogen production tools for regulatory purposes are important. The transcription factor CalA (cyanobacterial AbrB like) (Alr0946 in the genome) in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 was found to be involved in hydrogen metabolism by regulating the transcription of the maturation protein HypC. Further the bidirectional hydrogenase activity was down-regulated in the presence of elevated levels of CalA, a result important to take into account when optimizing cyanobacteria for hydrogen production. CalA regulates at least 25 proteins in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 and one of the down-regulated proteins was superoxide dismutase, FeSOD. The characterization of FeSOD shows that it has a specific and important function in the oxidative stress tolerance of Nostoc sp. stain PCC 7120. Since CalA is involved in regulation of both the hydrogen metabolism as well as stress responses these findings indicate that Alr0946 is an important transcription factor in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 active on a global level in the cell. This thesis adds more knowledge concerning maturation and regulation of cyanobacterial hydrogenases which might be useful for future large scale hydrogen.
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| 4. |
- Agervald, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Transcription of the extended hyp-operon in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 8, s. 69-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The maturation of hydrogenases into active enzymes is a complex process and e. g. a correctly assembled active site requires the involvement of at least seven proteins, encoded by hypABCDEF and a hydrogenase specific protease, encoded either by hupW or hoxW. The N2fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 may contain both an uptake and a bidirectional hydrogenase. The present study addresses the presence and expression of hypgenes in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120. Results: RTPCRs demonstrated that the six hypgenes together with one ORF may be transcribed as a single operon. Transcriptional start points (TSPs) were identified 280 bp upstream from hypF and 445 bp upstream of hypC, respectively, demonstrating the existence of several transcripts. In addition, five upstream ORFs located in between hupSL, encoding the small and large subunits of the uptake hydrogenase, and the hypoperon, and two downstream ORFs from the hypgenes were shown to be part of the same transcript unit. A third TSP was identified 45 bp upstream of asr0689, the first of five ORFs in this operon. The ORFs are annotated as encoding unknown proteins, with the exception of alr0692 which is identified as a NifUlike protein. Orthologues of the four ORFs asr0689alr0692, with a highly conserved genomic arrangement positioned between hupSL, and the hyp genes are found in several other N2fixing cyanobacteria, but are absent in non N2fixing cyanobacteria with only the bidirectional hydrogenase. Short conserved sequences were found in six intergenic regions of the extended hypoperon, appearing between 11 and 79 times in the genome. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that five ORFs upstream of the hypgene cluster are cotranscribed with the hypgenes, and identified three TSPs in the extended hypgene cluster in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120. This may indicate a function related to the assembly of a functional uptake hydrogenase, hypothetically in the assembly of the small subunit of the enzyme.
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| 5. |
- Almgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Role of fibre-fibre and fibre-matrix adhesion in stress transfer in composites made from resin-impregnated paper sheets.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 29:5, s. 551-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper-reinforced plastics are gaining increased interest as packaging materials, where mechanical properties are of great importance. Strength and stress transfer in paper sheets are controlled by fibre-fibre bonds. In paper-reinforced plastics, where the sheet is impregnated with a polymer resin, other stress-transfer mechanisms may be more important. The influence of fibre-fibre bonds on the strength of paper-reinforced plastics was therefore investigated. Paper sheets with different degrees of fibre-fibre bonding were manufactured and used as reinforcement in a polymeric matrix. Image analysis tools were used to verify that the difference in the degree of fibre-fibre bonding had been preserved in the composite materials. Strength and stiffness of the composites were experimentally determined and showed no correlation to the degree of fibre-fibre bonding, in contrast to the behaviour of unimpregnated paper sheets. The degree of fibre-fibre bonding is therefore believed to have little importance in this type of material, where stress is mainly transferred through the fibre-matrix interface.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Livet som doktorand vid Linköpings universitet : Resultat från en enkätundersökning våren 2004
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I maj 2004 genomfördes en enkätundersökning som riktades till alla doktorander vid Linköpings universitet. De frågeområden som enkäten behandlade inkluderade doktorandens bakgrund och nuvarande status; handledningssituationen samt forsknings- och arbetsmiljö; upplevd särbehandling; forskarutbildningskurser och seminarier; pedagogisk utveckling och undervisning, samt ett antal frågor om hur doktoranden såg på sin forskarutbildning, sin egen insats och på framtiden. Dessutom fanns möjlighet att i fritext ange vad som var positivt respektive negativt med utbildningen, samt att ge förslag på vad som borde förändras och bevaras.Enkäten sändes till de cirka 1 360 personer vars e-postadresser var tillgängliga. Närmare 70 %, eller över 900 personer, svarade på enkäten; i ungefär samma omfattning på samtliga fakulteter. Ungefär 5 % uppgav inte någon fakultetstillhörighet. Cirka 45 % av de svarande angav att de var kvinnor, medan 52 % angav att de var män. Det var dock stora variationer i könsfördelningen på fakultetsnivå. Kvinnornas medianålder var något högre än männens, och åldersspridningen var störst på Hälsouniversitetet (HU). Doktoranderna vid Linköpings tekniska högskola (LiTH) var i genomsnitt yngst och en mindre andel av dem, jämfört med övriga, hade hemmavarande barn. Det var en högre andel kvinnor än män som hade hemmavarande barn. Ungefär tre av fyra bodde i Norrköping eller Linköping; en högre andel på LiTH, och en lägre andel på Filosofisk fakultet (Fil fak) och Utbildningsvetenskap (UV).Drygt hälften av alla som svarade på frågan hade genomfört hälften eller mindre av sin forskarutbildning. Att vara antagen till licentiatexamen var betydligt vanligare på LiTH (ca 12 %) än på övriga fakulteter. Drygt en fjärdedel av de svarande deltog i någon forskarskola. Det vanligast skälet till att ha gjort ett längre uppehåll var föräldraledighet (8 %) följt av förvärvsarbete (5 %).Den vanligaste formen av försörjning var doktorandanställning, men det fanns stora skillnader mellan fakulteterna/motsvarande. HU hade lägst andel. En tredjedel av doktoranderna där hade istället klinisk tjänst. Drygt 80 % av de forskarstuderande vid LiTH hade doktorandanställning. Att enbart ha utbildningsbidrag var sällsynt på samtliga fakulteter, medan kombinationen utbildningsbidrag och assistenttjänst förekom; och då mest frekvent vid HU (drygt 12 %). Den vanligaste uppgivna aktivitetsgraden oavsett fakultet var mellan 90 och 100 % (cirka 25 % av de svarande) medan det på HU fanns en andel – nära 20 % – med mycket låg aktivitetsgrad (0–10 %).Doktoranderna var tämligen nöjda med sin utbildning. På en femgradig skala där 5 stod för ”mycket bra” och 1 ”mycket dålig” hamnade medelbetyget på forskarutbildningen på 3,65. Doktoranderna på Filosofisk fakultet och LiTH satte ett något högre betyg, men variationerna mellan fakulteterna var små. Betyget på den egna insatsen sattes av de allra flesta något lägre, medelvärdet var 3,60 på samma skala. De mer detaljerade frågorna om handledning och avhandlingsarbete hade i flera fall högre medelvärde: Handledarens intresse för doktorandens forskning, handledarens läsning av texter, förekomsten av konstruktiv kritik och doktorandens förtroende för handledaren låg nära värdet 4 på den femgradiga skalan. Lägre medelvärden gavs på frågan om handledaren underlättar för doktoranden att få kontakt med andra forskare. Tiden som användes för handledning skiftade en del mellan fakulteterna, men sammanfattningsvis fick cirka 80 % av alla doktorander 1–10 timmar handledning per månad. Filosofisk fakultet och Utbildningsvetenskap hamnade oftare i den nedre delen av intervallet och LiTH samt HU i den högre delen. Uppfattningen att tiden som gavs svarade mot behovet skiftade. Mest nöjda med tidens omfattning var doktoranderna på Utbildningsvetenskap; minst nöjd var man på LiTH.På frågorna om forskarutbildningskurser hamnade medelvärdena lägre än på frågorna om handledning. Det var liten skillnad mellan forskarskoledoktorander och övriga på dessa frågor.Rent allmänt var alla mycket nöjda med sin forsknings- och arbetsmiljö. Genomgående fick frågorna inom det området högt medelbetyg, med undantag för dem som rörde tillgången till nationella och framför allt internationella forskarnätverk. Den sociala miljön i doktorandgruppen skattades högre än densamma på institutionen i sin helhet.Enkäten innehöll även frågor om upplevd positiv och negativ särbehandling. Cirka 50 personer, med få undantag kvinnor, instämde i att de upplevt negativ särbehandling på grund av kön (svarade 4 eller 5 på den femgradiga skalan). Ingen fakultet utmärkte sig i detta avseende.Institutioner med en jämn könsfördelning föreföll ha färre fall av upplevd negativ särbehandling. De som upplevt negativ särbehandling på grund av etnisk bakgrund, sexuell läggning eller social bakgrund var färre till antalet. Även positiv särbehandling hade upplevts – antalet svar var av samma storleksordning som för negativ särbehandling. Spridningen över fakulteter och institutioner var även här stor.Efter disputationen kunde ungefär 70 % tänka sig en postdoc-period utomlands. Huvudskälet till att inte vilja åka var vanligen hänsyn till familjen, det vill säga situationen för barn och partner. Omkring hälften såg sina möjligheter som goda eller mycket goda att få ett arbete direkt efter examen.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Karin, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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E-government in Sweden: New Directions : Editorial
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : MidSweden University. - 1653-4360. ; 5:2, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In January 2008, the Swedish Government launched a new eGovernment action plan which was formulated to serve as “a new basis for IT-based organisational development in public administration”. The main objective in the plan was formulated as “as simple as possible for as many as possible”. The definition of eGovernment used in the action plan is the one agreed upon by many other European countries: “eGovernment is organisational development in public administrations that takes advantage of information and communication technologies (ICT) combined with organisational changes and new skills”. Behind the suggested course of actions there is a rhetoric that Sweden was now entering a new path regarding eGovernment development. Taken together the declarations in the plan made it and the expressed expectations of profound changes in public administration an interesting target for critical review. Having identified the importance in critically discussing and analysing the action plan, the Swedish Researchers Network in eGovernment (www.egov.nu) arranged a network meeting at the national conference for public sector in Sweden June 2008. The theme for the meeting was “Reflections on the Swedish action plan for eGovernment”. Several researchers and practitioners shared and debated their reflections during this meeting. In order to continue this very interesting discussion after the conference, we then invited authors to submit an article on the same theme, i.e. analysing different aspects of the Swedish action plan for eGovernment. This call for papers was directed both to participants at the network meeting and others, who wanted to contribute to this on-going debate. The call was to encourage authors to communicate and share their insights and opinions regarding the action plan in order to provide knowledge to decision-makers and other practitioners.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Cardona, Tanai, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Electron transfer protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of heterocysts from the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1787:4, s. 252-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation and photoautotrophic growth. Nitrogen fixation takes place in heterocysts that differentiate as a result of nitrogen starvation. Heterocysts uphold a microoxic environment to avoid inactivation of nitrogenase, e.g. by downregulation of oxygenic photosynthesis. The ATP and reductant requirement for the nitrogenase reaction is considered to depend on Photosystem I, but little is known about the organization of energy converting membrane proteins in heterocysts. We have investigated the membrane proteome of heterocysts from nitrogen fixing filaments of Nostoc punctiforme sp. PCC 73102, by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The membrane proteome was found to be dominated by the Photosystem I and ATP-synthase complexes.We could identify asignificant amount of assembled Photosystem II complexes containing the D1, D2, CP43, CP47 and PsbO proteins from these complexes. We could also measure light-driven in vitro electron transfer from Photosystem II in heterocyst thylakoid membranes. We did not find any partially disassembled PhotosystemII complexes lacking the CP43 protein. Several subunits of the NDH-1 complex were also identified. The relative amount of NDH-1M complexes was found to be higher than NDH-1L complexes, which might suggest a role for this complex in cyclic electron transfer in the heterocysts of Nostoc punctiforme.
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| 11. |
- Clark, Andrew G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 450:7167, s. 203-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
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| 12. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 13. |
- Devine, Ellenor, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity and transcription of proteases involved in the maturation of hydrogenases in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and Nostoc sp strain PCC 7120
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 9, s. 53-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The last step in the maturation process of the large subunit of [NiFe]-hydrogenases is a proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminal by a hydrogenase specific protease. Contrary to other accessory proteins these hydrogenase proteases are believed to be specific whereby one type of hydrogenases specific protease only cleaves one type of hydrogenase. In cyanobacteria this is achieved by the gene product of either hupW or hoxW, specific for the uptake or the bidirectional hydrogenase respectively. The filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and Nostoc sp strain PCC 7120 may contain a single uptake hydrogenase or both an uptake and a bidirectional hydrogenase respectively. Results: In order to examine these proteases in cyanobacteria, transcriptional analyses were performed of hupW in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and hupW and hoxW in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120. These studies revealed numerous transcriptional start points together with putative binding sites for NtcA (hupW) and LexA (hoxW). In order to investigate the diversity and specificity among hydrogeanse specific proteases we constructed a phylogenetic tree which revealed several subgroups that showed a striking resemblance to the subgroups previously described for[NiFe]-hydrogenases. Additionally the proteases specificity was also addressed by amino acid sequence analysis and protein-protein docking experiments with 3D-models derived from bioinformatic studies. These studies revealed a so called "HOXBOX"; an amino acid sequence specific for protease of Hox-type which might be involved in docking with the large subunit of the hydrogenase. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the hydrogenase specific proteases are under similar regulatory control as the hydrogenases they cleave. The result from the phylogenetic study also indicates that the hydrogenase and the protease have co-evolved since ancient time and suggests that at least one major horizontal gene transfer has occurred. This co-evolution could be the result of a close interaction between the protease and the large subunit of the[NiFe]-hydrogenases, a theory supported by protein-protein docking experiments performed with 3D-models. Finally we present data that may explain the specificity seen among hydrogenase specific proteases, the so called "HOXBOX"; an amino acid sequence specific for proteases of Hox-type. This opens the door for more detailed studies of the specificity found among hydrogenase specific proteases and the structural properties behind it.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Holmqvist, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the hupSL promoter activity in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 9, s. 54-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In cyanobacteria three enzymes are directly involved in the hydrogen metabolism; a nitrogenase that produces molecular hydrogen, H-2, as a by-product of nitrogen fixation, an uptake hydrogenase that recaptures H-2 and oxidize it, and a bidirectional hydrogenase that can both oxidize and produce H-2. Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 is a filamentous dinitrogen fixing cyanobacterium containing a nitrogenase and an uptake hydrogenase but no bidirectional hydrogenase. Generally, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the cyanobacterial uptake hydrogenases. In this study gel shift assays showed that NtcA has a specific affinity to a region of the hupSL promoter containing a predicted NtcA binding site. The predicted NtcA binding site is centred at 258.5 bp upstream the transcription start point (tsp). To further investigate the hupSL promoter, truncated versions of the hupSL promoter were fused to either gfp or luxAB, encoding the reporter proteins Green Fluorescent Protein and Luciferase, respectively. Results: Interestingly, all hupsSL promoter deletion constructs showed heterocyst specific expression. Unexpectedly the shortest promoter fragment, a fragment covering 57 bp upstream and 258 bp downstream the tsp, exhibited the highest promoter activity. Deletion of the NtcA binding site neither affected the expression to any larger extent nor the heterocyst specificity. Conclusion: Obtained data suggest that the hupSL promoter in N. punctiforme is not strictly dependent on the upstream NtcA cis element and that the shortest promoter fragment (- 57 to tsp) is enough for a high and heterocyst specific expression of hupSL. This is highly interesting because it indicates that the information that determines heterocyst specific gene expression might be confined to this short sequence or in the downstream untranslated leader sequence.
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| 17. |
- Hult, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogical Processes in Health Care.
- 2007
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Ingår i: NERA (Nordic Educational Research Association) confererence in ÅBO , March 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Hult, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogical processes in health care : an exploratory study of pedagogic work with patients and next of kin
- 2009
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Ingår i: Education for Health. - : Carfax Publishing. - 1357-6283 .- 1469-5804. ; 22:3, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Care and education have much in common, and work in the healthcare sector is closely associated with learning and teaching. It is felt that many in the healthcare and medical services are not aware of their pedagogic skills and how they can be developed. FRAME OF REFERENCE: Belonging to a community of practice means that you share perspectives, methods and language. OBJECTIVE: The aim is to describe the pedagogical discourse by identifying pedagogical processes and studying the staffs awareness of such processes or situations in which a pedagogical approach would be useful in their work with patients and next of kin. METHOD: A qualitative study based on individual and group interviews. The analysis is directed by grounded theory. RESULTS: The pedagogical processes varied in length and quality. Most were unplanned and were usually embedded in treatment. The pedagogical process is linear (planning, goal setting, teaching and evaluating) in an educational setting but we found that the beginning and end can be unclear and the goals can be vague or non-existent. The pedagogical process is best described using the concepts Read, Guide and Provide learning support. DISCUSSION: The pedagogical discourse in healthcare is almost silent. Data indicate that at the collective level there is very little support for professional development of pedagogical ability. Tacit knowledge may therefore remain silent even though it may be possible to formulate and describe it. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong need to focus on the pedagogical parts of the work and to encourage and support the development of professional pedagogical knowledge.
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| 19. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kölbel, Tilo, et al.
(författare)
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Activated protein C-protein C inhibitor complex: a new biological marker for aortic aneurysms.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6809 .- 0741-5214. ; 43:5, s. 935-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The concentration of the complex between activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI) is a measure of thrombin generation. We studied whether it can provide information useful for the diagnosis and treatment of arterial vascular disease. Methods: Blood was obtained from 429 vascular patients admitted consecutively during September 2004 to March 2005. The APC-PCI complex was measured by using a sandwich immunofluorometric method. The patients were divided into cohorts according to the planned treatment and compared with a control group of healthy individuals. Results: The APC-PCI complex concentration varied from 0.08 to 2.50 mu g/L. In the cohort of patients with aortic aneurysms (n = 78), the median APC-PCI value was 0.45 (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.24-1.47), and values were clearly increased compared with all other cohorts (P <.0001). Patients with carotid disease (n = 73) yielded a median of 0.22 (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.15-0.48). The median for claudicants (n = 74) was 0.26 mu g/L (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.15-0.75), which was higher than in those (n = 97) with critical ischemia (0.20; 10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.13-0.36; P <.0023). The cohort with other forms of antherosclerotic disease (n = 40) had a median of 0.23 (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.14-0.42), whereas the value for a cohort of 21 patients with venous disease was 0.19 (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.10-0.34). The median was 0.15 (10(th) to 90(th) percentile, 0.10-0.23) for the control group (n = 121). Conclusions: Patients with atherosclerosis had an increased APC-PCI concentration that corresponded to increased generation of thrombin. Patients with aortic aneurysm had a threefold higher median concentration than the control group. We suggest that this remarkable increase is caused by the local activation of coagulation, and we surmise that APC-PCI measurements can be used as a screening tool to identify patients with aortic aneurysms.
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| 23. |
- Kölbel, Tilo, et al.
(författare)
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Activated Protein C Protein C Inhibitor Complex in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Is It Associated With Diameter and Growth Rate?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1938-9116 .- 1538-5744. ; 42:2, s. 135-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased thrombin activation has been documented in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). APC-PCI complex, a new biological marker of thrombin generation, was measured in a population of 232 patients with AAA relative and a control group and the association between aneurysm size, growth rate and APC-PCI was studied. The patients were divided into cohorts according to the AAA diameter and compared with a control group. APC-PCI was significantly higher in all AAA-cohorts (n = 232; median: 0.36 mg/L; 10th - 90th percentile: 0.18-1.01) compared to the control group (n = 41; median: 0.19 mg/L; 10th - 90th percentile: 0.11-0.31; P = <0.001). APC-PCI correlated with the AAA diameter (r = 0.22, P = 0.001), with the BMI (r = -0.19, P = 0.004) and with age (r = 0.19, P = 0.004). APC-PCI did not correlate with the AAA-growth rate (r = 0.11, P = 0.14).
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| 26. |
- Lindblad-Gidlund, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Communicating vessels for relevant and rigorous eGovernment research
- 2008
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Ingår i: Collaboration and the Knowledge Economy. - : IOS Press. - 9781586039240 ; , s. 255-261
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several researchers have pointed out that the field of eGovernment suffers from a too short-termed, project oriented, retrospective focus and a naïve technological optimism. Reflexive, critical analysis, cumulative research and altered use of theoretical frames are asked for to increase the practical value. However, in front of fulfilling such expectations the reality is that we get the research we are asking for, and we are asking for the research we know exist, and in this logic lies a lot of communicative challenges (as well as funding mechanisms). This article tries to address this relation and does so by putting forward an initiative to establish a national network of eGovernment researchers and practitioners (from private and public sector).
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| 27. |
- Lindblad-Gidlund, Katarina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating Vessels for Relevant and Rigorous eGovernment Research
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Collaboration and the Knowledge Economy. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781586039240 ; , s. 255-261
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several researchers have pointed out that the field of eGovernment suffers from a too short-termed, project oriented, retrospective focus and a naïve technological optimism. Reflexive, critical analysis, cumulative research and altered use of theoretical frames are asked for to increase the practical value of eGovernment research. However, in front of fulfilling such expectations the reality is that we get the research we are asking for, and we are asking for the research we know exist, and in this logic lies a lot of communicative challenges (as well as funding mechanisms). This paper tries to address this relation and does so by putting forward an initiative to establish a national network of eGovernment researchers and practitioners (from private and public sector).
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| 28. |
- Lindblad-Gidlund, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Redefining Practice and Relevance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pre-ICIS 2008 SIG eGovernment Workshop,2008.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several researchers have pointed out that the field of eGovernment suffers from a too short-termed, project oriented, retrospective focus and a naïve technological optimism. Reflexive, critical analysis, cumulative research and altered use of theoretical frames are asked for, in order to increase the practical value. However, in front of fulfilling such expectations, the reality is that we get the research we are asking for, and we are asking for the research we know exist. In this paper we claim that eGovernment research would benefit from redefining practice and relevance. We argue that the relations between researchers and practitioners within the eGovernment field should be focused. In order to conduct eGovernment research that meets the criteria of being both rigorous and relevant, an on-going discussion between academia and practice must be facilitated. This paper addresses this need for joint knowledge arenas by putting forward an initiative to establish a national network of eGovernment researchers and practitioners from private and public sector.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Lumsden Wass, Karin, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Konsten att styra genom ett utvärderingsformulär
- 2009
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Ingår i: Foss Lindblad, Rita & Lander, Rolf (red). Att säkra det osäkra. Reflektion och makt i skolans utvärdering. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144018645
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Magnuson, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Biomimetic and Microbial Approaches to Solar Fuel Generation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Accounts of Chemical Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0001-4842 .- 1520-4898. ; 42:12, s. 1899-1909
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosynthesis is performed by a multitude of organisms, but in P nearly all cases, it is variations on a common theme: absorption of light followed by energy transfer to a reaction center where charge separation takes place, This initial form of chemical energy is stabilized by the biosynthesis of carbohydrates. To produce these energy-rich products, a substrate is needed that feeds in reductive equivalents, When photosynthetic microorganisms learned to use water as a substrate some 2 billion years ago, a fundamental barrier against unlimited use of solar energy was overcome. The possibility of solar energy use has inspired researchers to construct artificial photosynthetic systems that show analogy to parts of the intricate molecular machinery of photosynthesis. Recent years have seen a reorientation of efforts toward creating integrated light-to-fuel systems that can use solar energy for direct synthesis of energy-rich compounds, so-called solar fuels. Sustainable production of solar fuels is a long awaited development that promises extensive solar energy use combined with long-term storage. The stoichiometry of water splitting into molecular oxygen, protons, and electrons is deceptively simple; achieving it by chemical catalysis has proven remarkably difficult. The reaction center Photosystem II couples light-induced charge separation to an efficient molecular water-splitting catalyst, a Mn4Ca complex, and is thus an important template for biomimetic chemistry. In our aims to design biomimetic manganese complexes for light-driven water oxidation, we link photosensitizers and charge-separation motifs to potential catalysts in supramolecular assemblies. In photosynthesis, production of carbohydrates demands the delivery of multiple reducing equivalents to CO2. In contrast, the two-electron reduction of protons to molecular hydrogen is much less demanding. Virtually all microorganisms have enzymes called hydrogenases that convert protons to hydrogen, many of them with good catalytic efficiency. The catalytic sites of hydrogenases are now the center of attention of biomimetic efforts, providing prospects for catalytic hydrogen production with inexpensive metals. Thus, we might complete the water-to-fuel conversion: light + 2H(2)O -> 2H(2) + O-2 This reaction formula is to some extent already elegantly fulfilled by cyanobacteria and green algae, water-splitting photosynthetic microorganisms that under certain conditions also can produce hydrogen. An alternative route to hydrogen from solar energy is therefore to engineer these organisms to produce hydrogen more efficiently. This Account describes our original approach to combine research in these two fields: mimicking structural and functional principles of both Photosystem II and hydrogenases by synthetic chemistry and engineering cyanobacteria to become better hydrogen producers and ultimately developing new routes toward synthetic biology.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Miller, Webb, et al.
(författare)
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Sequencing the nuclear genome of the extinct woolly mammoth.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 456:7220, s. 387-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1994, two independent groups extracted DNA from several Pleistocene epoch mammoths and noted differences among individual specimens. Subsequently, DNA sequences have been published for a number of extinct species. However, such ancient DNA is often fragmented and damaged, and studies to date have typically focused on short mitochondrial sequences, never yielding more than a fraction of a per cent of any nuclear genome. Here we describe 4.17 billion bases (Gb) of sequence from several mammoth specimens, 3.3 billion (80%) of which are from the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) genome and thus comprise an extensive set of genome-wide sequence from an extinct species. Our data support earlier reports that elephantid genomes exceed 4 Gb. The estimated divergence rate between mammoth and African elephant is half of that between human and chimpanzee. The observed number of nucleotide differences between two particular mammoths was approximately one-eighth of that between one of them and the African elephant, corresponding to a separation between the mammoths of 1.5-2.0 Myr. The estimated probability that orthologous elephant and mammoth amino acids differ is 0.002, corresponding to about one residue per protein. Differences were discovered between mammoth and African elephant in amino-acid positions that are otherwise invariant over several billion years of combined mammalian evolution. This study shows that nuclear genome sequencing of extinct species can reveal population differences not evident from the fossil record, and perhaps even discover genetic factors that affect extinction.
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| 37. |
- Ow, Saw Yen, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative overview of N2 fixation in Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 through cellular enrichments and iTRAQ shotgun proteomics
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - USA : ACS Publications. - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 8:1, s. 187-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 is a photoautotrophic cyanobacterium with the capacity to fix atmospheric N2. Its ability to mediate this process is similar to that described for Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, where vegetative cells differentiate into heterocysts. Quantitative proteomic investigations at both the filament level and the heterocyst level are presented using isobaric tagging technology (iTRAQ), with 721 proteins at the 95% confidence interval quantified across both studies. Observations from both experiments yielded findings confirmatory of both transcriptional studies, and published Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 iTRAQ data. N. punctiforme exhibits similar metabolic trends, though changes in a number of metabolic pathways are less pronounced than in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120. Results also suggest a number of proteins that may benefit from future investigations. These include ATP dependent Zn-proteases, N-reserve degraders and also redox balance proteins. Complementary proteomic data sets from both organisms present key precursor knowledge that is important for future cyanobacterial biohydrogen research.
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| 38. |
- Ow, Saw Yen, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative shotgun proteomics of enriched heterocysts from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 using 8-Plex isobaric peptide tags
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 7:4, s. 1615-1628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. The labile nature of the core process requires the terminal differentiation of vegetative cells to form heterocysts, specialized cells with altered cellular and metabolic infrastructure to mediate the N2-fixing process. We present an investigation targeting the cellular proteomic expression of the heterocysts compared to vegetative cells of a population cultured under N2-fixing conditions. New 8-plex iTRAQ reagents were used on enriched replicate heterocyst and vegetative cells, and replicate N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing filaments to achieve accurate measurements. With this approach, we successfully identified 506 proteins, where 402 had confident quantifications. Observations provided by purified heterocyst analysis enabled the elucidation of the dominant metabolic processes between the respective cell types, while emphasis on the filaments enabled an overall comparison. The level of analysis provided by this investigation presents various tools and knowledge that are important for future development of cyanobacterial biohydrogen production.
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| 39. |
- Ring, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Living with skin diseases and topical treatment: patients' and providers' perspectives and priorities.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of dermatological treatment. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-6634 .- 1471-1753. ; 18:4, s. 209-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Relationship-centred care stresses the importance of taking both patients' and health-care providers' values, expectations and preferences into account to improve health outcomes. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify patients' and providers' views and experiences of skin disease and topical treatment. METHODS: Two types of focus group were used: (i) patients with chronic dermatological diseases and (ii) doctors, nurses and pharmacists working in dermatological care. RESULTS: Three major categories emerged: (i) problems related to the disease, (ii) problems related to the treatment and (iii) strategies for improving everyday life for patients. CONCLUSION: Patients and providers made several suggestions for improving everyday life. Future research needs to focus on how to achieve preference-matched shared decision-making, or concordance, between patients and health-care providers, taking different perspectives into account and how to evaluate the effect of the final, clinical, economical and humanistic outcomes of care and treatment. More seamless care and an increasingly shared understanding between patients and providers of their values, expectations and preferences for care and treatment may contribute to better health and better daily lives for patients.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Serup, Jørgen, et al.
(författare)
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Manage your skin problems for the dermatology patient
- 2006
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Ingår i: The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. The Continuing Medical Education Committee. EADV Master Class in Dermatology Series, F1. 2006. DVD-film.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Stensjö, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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An iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis to elaborate the proteomic response of Nostoc sp PCC 7120 under N-2 fixing conditions
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 6:2, s. 621-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 is an oxygen-evolving photoautotrophic N2 fixing filamentous cyanobacterium. Upon nitrogen starvation, a range of processes are initiated, such as differentiation of the heterocysts, specific cells where N2 fixation takes place. We have characterized and quantified the proteome of the Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 wild-type strain grown under N2 fixing and non-N2 fixing conditions. To assess global proteome changes in response to environmental changes, measurements were made using the quantitative proteomics tool, iTRAQ, on a whole cell digest. From this approach, a total of 486 different proteins was accurately identified across 2 biological replicate experiments, where 226 identifications contained 2 or more distinct peptides. Results of metabolic regulation will be discussed to demonstrate that proteomics represents an important tool for the development of heterocystous cyanobacteria for future biological H2 production.
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| 44. |
- Thörne, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Pedagogiska processer i läkares vardagsarbete : Kan ökad medvetenhet och utvecklade handlingar förbättra vården för alla ?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Riksstämman Stockholm 2007.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arbetet inom vården består av mänskliga möten, där man informerar, instruerar, sätter mål, utvärderar, handleder och undervisar. Pedagogiska handlingar problematiseras sällan, man upprepar ofta ”oreflekterat ” egna skolerfarenheter. Denna studie är en del av en multicenterstudie där fokus sätts på yrkesutövarna. Delstudien syfte är att identifiera de pedagogiska processer (PP) som förekommer i läkares vardag, hur medvetna de är och hur utvecklade de är med avseende att skapa optimalt lärande. Två läkare intervjuades var och en vid tre skilda tillfällen i slutet av sina arbetsdagar. Vid varje tillfälle ställdes en öppen fråga om att beskriva sin arbetsdag. Vid respektive tillfälle ställdes olika frågor ; Vad är lärande för dig ? Vad innebär det att kunna sitt jobb ? Vad betyder sammanhanget ? Intervjuerna bandades, transkriberades och analyserades avseende meningsbärande enheter och verb. Analyserna genomfördes individuellt och i forskargruppen bestående av, en arbetsterapeut och en sjuksköterska som genomfört motsvarande intervjuer i sina professioner samt en bitr. professor i pedagogik. Validerande intervjuer genomfördes i fokusgrupper (FG) i respektive profession. En grupp med fem läkare i olika specialiteter fick besvara vilka PP som fanns i deras dagliga arbete. De läste en text från analysen av de sex individuella intervjuerna (II), tog ställning och kompletterande. Samma form av dokumentation och analysmetoder användes på valideringen. Det fanns många PP där läkarna bidrog till patienters, närståendes, andra läkares, andra professioners, studenters eller eget lärande. Deltagarna i FG stimulerades av varandra, blev engagerade av likheter och olikheter i varandras arbete och bekräftade med emfas den skriftliga analysen i II. Den medicinska processen har i sig ett flertal PP där läkarna själva lär om den enskilde patienten. PP kan sammanfattas i spiralformade processer innehållande; avläsa, färdrikta, lärstödja, avläsa ….., som löper sammanvävt med de medicinska processerna. Medvetet välutvecklade pedagogiska processer är mindre vanligt förekommande. Vid studenthandledning, ST-läkares lärande, utvecklingsarbete eller rena utbildningssituationer var PP mer i förgrunden. Delstudien visar att läkares arbete innehåller en stor mängd PP. Både medvetenhet om och genomförandet av potentiella lärsituationer för såväl patienter, närstående och professionella har förutsättningar att utvecklas. Det kan sannolikt gynna patienters vårdresultat , förståelse, delaktighet och tillfredställelse samt professionellas lärande och samarbete. Fortsatta studier behövs för hur detta kan utvecklas.
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| 45. |
- Ulff, E, et al.
(författare)
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Single application of a fluorescent test cream by healthy volunteers: assessment of treated and neglected body sites.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The British journal of dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 156:5, s. 974-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Management of dermatological self-treatment is demanding. Imperfect application of creams and ointments and poor adherence to topical treatment are common, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the technique and precision of test subjects' self-application of a test cream. Treated and neglected skin sites were measured after intended widespread single application of a fluorescent test cream. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, 10 men) were included. They were asked to treat their whole skin surface with the fluorescent test cream, except the head and neck and skin covered by underwear. Treated and untreated sites were subsequently measured under Wood's ultraviolet radiation. RESULTS: Thirty-one per cent of the skin surface that was a target for application did not show any fluorescence and thus was assumed to have been untreated. Typical neglected sites included the central back, the upper breast, the axilla with surrounding skin, the legs and the feet, particularly the sole. The posterior aspect of both trunk and extremities, not easily inspected, was more often neglected. In the treated sites the fluorescence was typically uneven. CONCLUSIONS: Qualified and motivated persons with no obvious physical limitations practised imperfect self-application of a test cream mimicking a therapeutic cream product. As much as 31% of the skin surface was neglected. Sites especially prone to nonapplication were identified. This might imply that dermatological patients on long-term self-treatment may practise local application very poorly, a problem of major therapeutic and economic importance. A fluorescent test cream can be used for research, and as an educational tool in the training of dermatological patients on how to apply local treatment.
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