| 1. |
- Donini, Lorenzo M, et al.
(författare)
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A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27, s. 3695-3711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included.Methods: 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different countries across four continents completed a three-phase modified Delphi process, with 75% agreement determined as the threshold for a statement to be included in the final consensus document. In phase I, participants were asked via online survey to agree or disagree with 67 statements about ON in four categories: A–Definition, Clinical Aspects, Duration; B–Consequences; C–Onset; D–Exclusion Criteria, and comment on their rationale. Responses were used to modify the statements which were then provided to the same participants for phase II, a second round of feedback, again in online survey form. Responses to phase II were used to modify and improve the statements for phase III, in which statements that met the predetermined 75% of agreement threshold were provided for review and commentary by all participants.Results: 27 statements met or exceeded the consensus threshold and were compiled into proposed diagnostic criteria for ON.Conclusions: This is the first time a standardized definition of ON has been developed from a worldwide, multidisciplinary cohort of experts. It represents a summary of observations, clinical expertise, and research findings from a wide base of knowledge. It may be used as a base for diagnosis, treatment protocols, and further research to answer the open questions that remain, particularly the functional consequences of ON and how it might be prevented or identified and intervened upon in its early stages. Although the participants encompass many countries and disciplines, further research will be needed to determine if these diagnostic criteria are applicable to the experience of ON in geographic areas not represented in the current expert panel.Level of evidence: Level V: opinions of expert committees.© 2022, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Donini, Lorenzo M., et al.
(författare)
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Correction : A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article Rebecca C. Reynolds was missing from the author list. The complete correct author group is given below. Lorenzo M. Donini, Juan Ramón Barrada, Friederike Barthels, Thomas M. Dunn, Camille Babeau, Anna Brytek-Matera, Hellas Cena, Silvia Cerolini, Hye-hyun Cho, Maria Coimbra, Massimo Cuzzolaro, Claudia Ferreira, Valeria Galfano, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Souheil Hallit, Linn Håman, Phillipa Hay, Masahito Jimbo, Clotilde Lasson, Eva-Carin Lindgren, Renee McGregor, Marianna Minnetti, Edoardo Mocini, Sahar Obeid, Crystal D. Oberle, Maria-Dolores Onieva-Zafra, Marie-Christine Opitz, María-Laura Parra-Fernández, Reinhard Pietrowsky, Natalija Plasonja, Eleonora Poggiogalle, Adrien Rigó, Rachel F. Rodgers, Maria Roncero, Carmina Saldaña, Cristina Segura-Garcia, Jessica Setnick, Ji-Yeon Shin, Grazia Spitoni, Jana Strahler, Nanette Stroebele-Benschop, Patrizia Todisco, Mariacarolina Vacca, Martina Valente, Màrta Varga, Andrea Zagaria, Hana Flynn Zickgraf, Rebecca C. Reynolds & Caterina Lombardo. The original article [1] has been corrected. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 3. |
- ElBeck, Zaher, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic modulators link mitochondrial redox homeostasis to cardiac function in a sex-dependent manner
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a characteristic hallmark of numerous diseases, clinical approaches that ameliorate oxidative stress have been unsuccessful. Here, utilizing multi-omics, we demonstrate that in cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) constitutes a major antioxidative defense mechanism. Paradoxically reduced expression of IDH2 associated with ventricular eccentric hypertrophy is counterbalanced by an increase in the enzyme activity. We unveil redox-dependent sex dimorphism, and extensive mutual regulation of the antioxidative activities of IDH2 and NRF2 by a feedforward network that involves 2-oxoglutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate and mediated in part through unconventional hydroxy-methylation of cytosine residues present in introns. Consequently, conditional targeting of ROS in a murine model of heart failure improves cardiac function in sex- and phenotype-dependent manners. Together, these insights may explain why previous attempts to treat heart failure with antioxidants have been unsuccessful and open new approaches to personalizing and, thereby, improving such treatment.
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| 4. |
- Halwani, Manar, 1981-
(författare)
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Engagement, directed motivational currents, and second language learning : adult immigrant perspectives
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation answers calls for the integration of motivation and engagement theory and research among highly educated adult-migrant language learners. Specifically, the purpose of this dissertation is to propose a model to describe the interactions between the motivation construct Directed Motivational Currents (DMCs) and the engagement construct Engagement with Language (EWL). The site of this dissertation is Sweden and hence the language learners of this dissertation were learning Swedish to enter the Swedish employment market. This thesis is a qualitative study with a social-dynamic approach to DMCs and EWL, and second language learning is viewed as a highly interactive process. The dissertation consists of three studies. Each study is based in a different formal language learning setting with the following groups of participants: (1) voluntary migrants with university degrees; (2) voluntary and forced migrant medical doctors, and (3) forced migrant schoolteachers. Semi-structured interviews, observation, and questionnaires were used to collect data to describe DMCs and EWL in concert. The findings of the thesis are that the lenses of DMCs and EWL can be combined to reveal more detail about highly educated adult-migrant language learners learning than earlier models. The findings also suggested ways in which the DMCs and EWL constructs interact, and that these are influenced by learners’ visions of their current and future selves, and by effective profession-oriented language teaching. Based on the analysis of the data from the three studies a novel model, Engagement in Directed Motivational Currents (EDMCs), is posited. This novel model captures the multidirectional interaction between DMCs and EWL, and how DMCs are nurtured by cognitive, affective and social engagement, and EWL is energized by motivational structure and goal, and emotionality. The posited model has relevance for second language pedagogy beyond highly educated migrant adult language learning contexts, and for future research in the area of long-term motivation and EWL in relation to second language learning.
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| 5. |
- Lagou, Vasiliki, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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| 6. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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| 7. |
- Mark, Davis, et al.
(författare)
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A year in the public life of superbugs: News media on antimicrobial resistance and implications for health communications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-9536. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- News media can be an important source of information about emerging health threats. They are also significant sites for the production of narrative on threats to life that help to condition and reflect the responses of governments and publics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one such health threat with particular significance because it represents the failure to manage the risks to antibiotics and other antimicrobials, health technologies that have provided the basis for modern medicine. Knowledge of how news media address this situation is an important element for an effective public health response to AMR and helps to extend the social analysis of health and media. Based on an analysis of television, printed and digital news for 2017 in Australia, this paper examines the patterns and meanings of AMR news. It shows that AMR is a fragmented story mainly framed by scientific discovery. These stories reassure audiences that science is seeking out the means of arresting AMR and, therefore, also constructs lay publics as passive witnesses to the AMR story. This pattern of AMR story-telling furthers the social standing of science and scientists, but it also neglects deliberation on collective action, important lacunae in the social response to AMR.
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| 8. |
- Mylrea-Foley, Bronacha, et al.
(författare)
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Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise : the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years.Methods and analysis: Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (>= 4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire.Ethics and dissemination: The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy.
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| 9. |
- Saini, Nishant, et al.
(författare)
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Bandgap engineered Cu 2 ZnGe x Sn 1−x S 4 solar cells using an adhesive TiN back contact layer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388. ; 880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kesterite-based solar cells are mainly restricted by their lower than expected open-circuit voltage (V ) due to non-radiative recombination. Therefore, an approach to reduce bulk and interface recombination through band gap grading to induce a back surface field is attempted. This contribution presents the challenges in the formation of compositional grading of the wide bandgap material Cu ZnGe Sn S (CZGTS) and successful fabrication of solar cells with an additional adhesive TiN interlayer. It is observed that the TiN interlayer improves adhesion between CZGTS and the back contact. The microstructure of the Cu ZnSnS (CZTS) film is significantly affected by the concentration of Ge, and the existence of a Ge concentration gradient is strongly correlated to the formation of smaller Ge-rich and larger Sn-rich grains. The bandgap grading is exploited with a moderate Ge concentration of up to (Ge/(Ge+Sn) = 0.25) in CZTS. As the Ge profile stretched all the way to the front interface, the cliff-like band alignment at the front interface of the absorber could negate the beneficial effect of Ge inclusion in the bulk and back interface of the absorber. Ordering the absorber can introduce an additional downward shift in the valence band. In one of the samples, the increased ordering and high concentration of Ge in CZTS are suggested to enhance the hole barrier at the back interface. It is concluded that the effect of the bandgap grading with Ge can only be realized with optimization of interface band alignment and back contact formation. oc 2 x 1−x 4 2 4
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| 10. |
- Saini, Nishant, et al.
(författare)
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Bandgap engineered Cu2ZnGexSn1−xS4 solar cells using an adhesive TiN back contact layer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kesterite-based solar cells are mainly restricted by their lower than expected open-circuit voltage (Voc) due to non-radiative recombination. Therefore, an approach to reduce bulk and interface recombination through band gap grading to induce a back surface field is attempted. This contribution presents the challenges in the formation of compositional grading of the wide bandgap material Cu2ZnGexSn1−xS4 (CZGTS) and successful fabrication of solar cells with an additional adhesive TiN interlayer. It is observed that the TiN interlayer improves adhesion between CZGTS and the back contact. The microstructure of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film is significantly affected by the concentration of Ge, and the existence of a Ge concentration gradient is strongly correlated to the formation of smaller Ge-rich and larger Sn-rich grains. The bandgap grading is exploited with a moderate Ge concentration of up to (Ge/(Ge+Sn) = 0.25) in CZTS. As the Ge profile stretched all the way to the front interface, the cliff-like band alignment at the front interface of the absorber could negate the beneficial effect of Ge inclusion in the bulk and back interface of the absorber. Ordering the absorber can introduce an additional downward shift in the valence band. In one of the samples, the increased ordering and high concentration of Ge in CZTS are suggested to enhance the hole barrier at the back interface. It is concluded that the effect of the bandgap grading with Ge can only be realized with optimization of interface band alignment and back contact formation.
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| 11. |
- Sbarra, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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| 12. |
- Zhou, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative : Powering genetic discovery across human disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier. - 2666-979X. ; 2:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biobanks facilitate genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which have mapped genomic loci across a range of human diseases and traits. However, most biobanks are primarily composed of individuals of European ancestry. We introduce the Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI)-a collaborative network of 23 biobanks from 4 continents representing more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic health records. GBMI meta-analyzes summary statistics from GWASs generated using harmonized genotypes and phenotypes from member biobanks for 14 exemplar diseases and endpoints. This strategy validates that GWASs conducted in diverse biobanks can be integrated despite heterogeneity in case definitions, recruitment strategies, and baseline characteristics. This collaborative effort improves GWAS power for diseases, benefits understudied diseases, and improves risk prediction while also enabling the nomination of disease genes and drug candidates by incorporating gene and protein expression data and providing insight into the underlying biology of human diseases and traits.
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