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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Chalkias, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel candidate genes for the inverted teat defect in sows using a genome-wide marker panel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1234-1983 .- 2190-3883. ; 58, s. 249-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of functional teats is an important selection criterion in pig breeding. Inherited defects of the udder, such as the inverted teat, do have a considerable negative impact on the nursing ability of the sow. To investigate the genetic background of this defect and the number of functional teats in Swedish maternal lines, samples from 230 Yorkshire pigs were selected for genotyping using the PorcineSNP60K BeadChip (Illumina Inc.), each pig with at least one inverted teat was matched with one non-affected pig (fullsib or pairs with matching herd and gender). A genome-wide association study on these 230 pigs was performed using the two-step approach implemented in GenABEL using 46,652 single nucleotide polymorphisms across all autosomes and the X chromosome. A number of significant regions were identified for the inverted teat defect on chromosomes 2, 10, and 18. Many of the regions associated with the number of functional teats were located in the same or close regions, except two associated markers on the X chromosome and one on chromosome 3. We identified some of the regions on chromosomes previously reported in one linkage and one gene expression study. We conclude, despite being able to suggest new candidate genes, that further studies are needed to better understand the biologic background of the teat development. Despite the in-depth comparison of identified regions for the inverted teat defect done here, more studies are required to allow a clear identification of genetic regions relevant for this defect across many pig populations.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Danielsson Borssén, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatocellular and extrahepatic cancer in patients with autoimmune hepatitis : a long-term follow-up study in 634 Swedish patients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 50:2, s. 217-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Cirrhosis is a well-known risk factor for hepatocellular cancer, but the true risk in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is scarcely studied. Other cancers may arise after prolonged use of immune-modulating drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer risk in a large cohort of AIH patients.Material and methods. Six hundred and thirty-four Swedish patients in a well-defined cohort were matched to the Cause of Death Registry and the Cancer Registry. Standard incidence ratios were calculated by relating the incidences in the cohort to an age-matched material from the Swedish background population.Results. A higher overall incidence of malignancies than the background population was found, counting from the date of diagnosis (standard incidence ratio (SIR) 2.08, 95% CI 1.68-2.55). The highest risk was found for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found 10 cases (4.0%) in 248 patients with cirrhosis, which gives an incidence rate of 0.3%. Standard incidence ratio for developing hepatobiliary cancer was 54.55 (95% CI 19.92-99.99). HCC only occurred in cirrhotic patients. There was also an increased risk for non-melanoma skin cancer (SIR 9.87, 95% CI 6.26-14.81).Conclusion. A slightly enhanced risk for malignancies in general compared to the background population was found. The risk of hepatobiliary cancer was increased, but the annual risk over the observational period was well under the postulated 1.5% when surveillance in cirrhotic patients is considered to be cost-effective.
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| 6. |
- Danielsson Borssén, Åsa, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy and childbirth in women with autoimmune hepatitis is safe, even in compensated cirrhosis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 51:4, s. 479-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease that primarily affects women. Many become ill during childbearing age, and medication can be lifelong. Few studies exist on pregnancy outcome in women with AIH. Objectives: The aim was to assess the outcome of women with AIH and their children during pregnancy and postpartum.Materials and methods: Sixty-four women from a well-characterised cohort with AIH filled out a questionnaire with information about their disease, miscarriage/abortion, pregnancies and potential birth defects in 2012. In 2004, 106 women answered the same questionnaire and their results were analysed along with the new questionnaires. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight women have completed the questionnaire and 100 children have been born by 58 women. Fifty-seven women (41%) had cirrhosis. In 84% of the pregnancies, the AIH was stable or milder, 32% had an increase in activity postpartum. The proportion of preterm births (before week 38) was 22%, caesarean sections 17%, malformations 3%, and two children died. Twenty-three women with cirrhosis had children after diagnosis of cirrhosis but without more complications than for non-cirrhotic mothers. However, they did have a higher prevalence of caesarean sections. Conclusion: Pregnancy and childbirth in AIH appear to be safe for both child and mother, even in women with compensated liver cirrhosis.
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| 9. |
- Dini, Hoda, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization and validation of a dislocation density based constitutive model for as-cast Mg-9%Al-1%Zn
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 710, s. 17-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dislocation density-based constitutive model, including effects of microstructure scale and temperature, was calibrated to predict flow stress of an as-cast AZ91D (Mg-9%Al-1%Zn) alloy. Tensile stress-strain data, for strain rates from 10-4 up to 10-1 s-1 and temperatures from room temperature up to 190 °C were used for model calibration. The used model accounts for the interaction of various microstructure features with dislocations and thereby on the plastic properties. It was shown that the Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) size was appropriate as an initial characteristic microstructural scale input to the model. However, as strain increased the influence of subcells size and total dislocation density dominated the flow stress. The calibrated temperature-dependent parameters were validated through a correlation between microstructure and the physics of the deforming alloy. The model was validated by comparison with dislocation density obtained by using Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) technique.
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| 10. |
- Dozza, Marco, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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BikeCOM – A cooperative safety application supporting cyclists and drivers at intersections
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Conference of Driver Distraction and Inattention, Gothenbrug, 4-6 September, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, 2334 cyclists died while riding bicycles in Europe. Many of those accidents occurred at road intersections, typically involved one vehicle and one bicycle, and were caused by distraction of either of the driver or the cyclist.This study describes the development and verification of a cooperative application able to prevent this type of accidents by warning both the driver and the cyclist in case of an imminent threat. This application runs on Android smartphones and relies on bicycle-to-vehicle communication to exchange safety relevant information.Naturalistic cycling data from the BikeSAFE and BikeSAFER projects was used to identify the safety critical situation to be addressed. This safety critical situation was described with use cases to envision different application scenarios and derive technical and functional requirements. After the prototype implementation, a pilot test was performed to 1) test the application, 2) develop a data analysis tools, and 3) design the protocol for a larger experiment. Both a bicycle and a car were used in this larger experiment to recreate the safety critical situation in a controlled real-traffic scenario.Results from this experiment show that cooperative applications based on smartphones and connecting bicycles and cars are feasible and desirable, however present limitations on positioning and latency strongly limit their reliability.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ehlers, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Error Correlations in Remote Sensing-Based Estimates of Forest Attributes for Improved Composite Estimation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, non-expensive remote sensing (RS) data from different sensors and platforms can be obtained at short intervals and be used for assessing several kinds of forest characteristics at the level of plots, stands and landscapes. Methods such as composite estimation and data assimilation can be used for combining the different sources of information to obtain up-to-date and precise estimates of the characteristics of interest. In composite estimation a standard procedure is to assign weights to the different individual estimates inversely proportional to their variance. However, in case the estimates are correlated, the correlations must be considered in assigning weights or otherwise a composite estimator may be inefficient and its variance be underestimated. In this study we assessed the correlation of plot level estimates of forest characteristics from different RS datasets, between assessments using the same type of sensor as well as across different sensors. The RS data evaluated were SPOT-5 multispectral data, 3D airborne laser scanning data, and TanDEM-X interferometric radar data. Studies were made for plot level mean diameter, mean height, and growing stock volume. All data were acquired from a test site dominated by coniferous forest in southern Sweden. We found that the correlation between plot level estimates based on the same type of RS data were positive and strong, whereas the correlations between estimates using different sources of RS data were not as strong, and weaker for mean height than for mean diameter and volume. The implications of such correlations in composite estimation are demonstrated and it is discussed how correlations may affect results from data assimilation procedures.
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| 13. |
- Gisselsson Nord, David, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of trisomies in cancer cells by multipolar mitosis and incomplete cytokinesis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 107:47, s. 20489-20493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One extra chromosome copy (i.e., trisomy) is the most common type of chromosome aberration in cancer cells. The mechanisms behind the generation of trisomies in tumor cells are largely unknown, although it has been suggested that dysfunction of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) leads to an accumulation of trisomies through failure to correctly segregate sister chromatids in successive cell divisions. By using Wilms tumor as a model for cancers with trisomies, we now show that trisomic cells can form even in the presence of a functional SAC through tripolar cell divisions in which sister chromatid separation proceeds in a regular fashion, but cytokinesis failure nevertheless leads to an asymmetrical segregation of chromosomes into two daughter cells. A model for the generation of trisomies by such asymmetrical cell division accurately predicted several features of clones having extra chromosomes in vivo, including the ratio between trisomies and tetrasomies and the observation that different trisomies found in the same tumor occupy identical proportions of cells and colocalize in tumor tissue. Our findings provide an experimentally validated model explaining how multiple trisomies can occur in tumor cells that still maintain accurate sister chromatid separation at metaphase-anaphase transition and thereby physiologically satisfy the SAC.
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| 14. |
- Granholm, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating vertical canopy cover using dense image-based point cloud data in four vegetation types in southern Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-1161 .- 1366-5901. ; 38, s. 1820-1838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study had the aim of investigating the utility of image-based point cloud data for estimation of vertical canopy cover (VCC). An accurate measure of VCC based on photogrammetric matching of aerial images would aid in vegetation mapping, especially in areas where aerial imagery is acquired regularly. The test area is located in southern Sweden and was divided into four vegetation types with sparse to dense tree cover: unmanaged coniferous forest; pasture areas with deciduous tree cover; wetland; and managed coniferous forest. Aerial imagery with a ground sample distance of 0.24 m was photogrammetrically matched to produce dense image-based point cloud data. Two different image matching software solutions were used and compared: MATCH-T DSM by Trimble and SURE by nFrames. The image-based point clouds were normalized using a digital terrain model derived from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. The canopy cover metric vegetation ratio was derived from the image-based point clouds, as well as from raster-based canopy height models (CHMs) derived from the point clouds. Regression analysis was applied with vegetation ratio derived from near nadir ALS data as the dependent variable and metrics derived from image-based point cloud data as the independent variables. Among the different vegetation types, vegetation ratio derived from the image-based point cloud data generated by using MATCH-T resulted in relative root mean square errors (rRMSE) of VCC ranging from 6.1% to 29.3%. Vegetation ratio based on point clouds from SURE resulted in rRMSEs ranging from 7.3% to 37.9%. Use of the vegetation ratio based on CHMs generated from the image-based point clouds resulted in similar, yet slightly higher values of rRMSE.
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| 15. |
- Granholm, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating vertical canopy cover with dense point cloud data from matching of digital aerial photos
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to explore the use of dense point clouds from matching of aerial photos for estimation of vertical canopy cover (VCC), defined as the proportion of the forest floor covered by the vertical projection of the tree crowns. VCC is commonly estimated using vegetation ratio (VR) derived from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. A reliable measure of VCC from matching aerial photos would aid in vegetation mapping and reduce the need for repeated ALS data acquisition. The test area is located in southern Sweden and covers a variety of vegetation types. In total 367 sample plots were placed in parts of the study area representing VCC ranging from 0 % up to close to 100 %. ALS data with a density of 20 returns per m2 was used for calculating the VR as the proportion of first returns above a threshold. Aerial imagery with a ground sample distance of 0.25 m was matched to produce dense point cloud data, which was used to derive digital surface models (DSMs) with grid size from 0.25 m up to 2.0 m. Local maxima (LM) detection was applied to the DSMs with search windows of 0.5 m size up to 2.0 m. The heights of the LM were normalized using a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from ALS data. Regression analysis was applied with the VR as dependent variable and the sum of the height of LM within sample plots as independent variable. Results from linear regression using heights of LM detected in a DSM of 0.25 m resolution with a 0.5 m search window gave an root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.5 % and relative RMSE (rRMSE) of 9.3 % in forest on rocky outcrops and boulders, while wooded pasture gave RMSE = 6.3 % and rRMSE = 19 %.
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| 16. |
- Grdic, Dubravka, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Splenic marginal zone dendritic cells mediate the cholera toxin adjuvant effect: dependence on the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the holotoxin.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950). - 0022-1767. ; 175:8, s. 5192-202
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The in vivo mechanisms of action of most vaccine adjuvants are poorly understood. In this study, we present data in mice that reveal a series of critical interactions between the cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant and the dendritic cells (DC) of the splenic marginal zone (MZ) that lead to effective priming of an immune response. For the first time, we have followed adjuvant targeting of MZ DC in vivo. We used CT-conjugated OVA and found that the Ag selectively accumulated in MZ DC following i.v. injections. The uptake of Ag into DC was GM1 ganglioside receptor dependent and mediated by the B subunit of CT (CTB). The targeted MZ DC were quite unique in their phenotype: CD11c(+), CD8alpha(-), CD11b(-), B220(-), and expressing intermediate or low levels of MHC class II and DEC205. Whereas CTB only delivered the Ag to MZ DC, the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of CT was required for the maturation and migration of DC to the T cell zone, where these cells distinctly up-regulated CD86, but not CD80. This interaction appeared to instruct Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells to move into the B cell follicle and strongly support germinal center formations. These events may explain why CT-conjugated Ag is substantially more immunogenic than Ag admixed with soluble CT and why CTB-conjugated Ag can tolerize immune responses when given orally or at other mucosal sites.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Henriksson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot study of facial, cranial and brain MRI morphometry in men with schizophrenia: Part 2.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927 .- 0165-1781. ; 147:2-3, s. 187-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study applies a new 3D morphometric MR method to test the hypothesis that men with schizophrenia (vs. controls) have deviant facial shapes and landmark relations in cranio/facialibrain (CFB) regions. This constitutes Part 2 of paired articles in this issue of Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, in which Part 1 presents the new method in detail. MRI coordinates from CFB landmarks of 23 patients and 15 controls were identified and then aligned with the Procrustes model, leaving shape as the only unitless geometrical information. Men with schizophrenia had significantly longer mid- and lower-facial heights, and greater lower (left) facial depth, with a tendency toward rotation along the facial midline. This supports findings from earlier anthropometric and 3D studies of the "exterior" (face). In contrast, none of the patient-control differences for the new "interior" (cranial-brain) distances reached statistical significance. These results need to be retested on a larger sample of both sexes. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Comparator report on patient access to cancer medicines in Europe revisited
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a new report, the Swedish Institute for Health Economics (IHE) compares the cancer situation in EU28 plus Norway and Switzerland. The report builds on a previous comparative study conducted in 2005 and provides a comprehensive view of the development of cancer in Europe over the past two decades. The report shows that the number of people diagnosed with cancer continue to increase in Europe, up by 30 percent between 1995 and 2012 due to a growing and aging population. Despite this growth and an increased spending on cancer medicines the overall spending on cancer care has remained stable at around six percent of total health expenditure largely due to a shift towards outpatient care. The report also concludes that there is great difference in access to medicines, in particular between richer and poorer countries but also between countries with similar purchasing power. The access problem requires collaboration between policy makers, payers, regulators, HTA bodies and manufacturers. Local solutions seem most feasible to balance the risk and reward of new treatment options between payers and manufacturers and reflect the affordability levels of different countries.
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| 20. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Comparator Report on Patient Access to Cancer Medicines in Europe Revisited - A UK Perspective
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IHE has published a new comparator report on the cost of cancer and access to cancer medicines. The report is a condensed version of the previously published report, Comparator report on patient access to cancer medicines in Europe revisited (IHE Report 2016:4) and focusing on the UK.The report reveals similar trends in the UK as in the rest of Europe: incidence of cancer is increasing, as is mortality in absolute terms but once demographic factors is accounted for mortality has decreased due to increased survival. However, compared to countries with similar economic status the UK lags behind.
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| 21. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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The cost and burden of cancer in the European Union 1995–2014
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 66, s. 162-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is an intense debate about the cost of cancer and the value of new treatments. However, there is limited data on the cost of cancer in the European Union (EU) and how costs relate to the burden of disease. This paper presents new estimates on the development of the cost of cancer in the EU 1995–2014, with a focus on the major cost components: total health expenditure, cancer drugs, and production loss due to premature mortality.Methods: Data on overall health expenditure were combined with national disease estimates to derive cancer-specific health expenditure. Data on drug sales were obtained from IMS Health, and epidemiological data were used to calculate life years lost due to cancer.Findings: Health expenditure on cancer increased continuously from €35.7 billion in 1995 to €83.2 billion in 2014 in the EU and spending on cancer drugs from €7.6 billion in 2005 to €19.1 billion in 2014 (current prices). Yet the share of total health expenditure devoted to cancer was mostly constant (around 6 per cent). While expenditures on cancer drugs increased in both absolute and relative terms, other expenditures were stable or decreased, despite increases in cancer incidence driven by a growing and ageing population. Reductions in cancer mortality during working age resulted in decreasing production loss due to premature mortality.Interpretation: Health spending on cancer as a share of total health expenditure is rather low and stable despite the growing incidence and relative burden of cancer. Problems to reallocate funding in health care systems under economic pressure may be one explanation and shifting costs from inpatient to ambulatory care another.
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| 22. |
- Lindgren, Monica, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Identity construction among boundary-crossing individuals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 17:3, s. 357-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we describe a study of boundary-crossing individuals (individuals who change organisation frequently) and the way they construct identities through interaction and self-reflexion. It is argued from a social constructionist perspective that studies of the way individual identities are constructed are important to our understanding of the complexity of the identity phenomenon. Identities cannot simply be reduced to certain stable institutionalised aspects such as profession or gender. Rather life should be seen as an ongoing process of identity construction, whereby reflexion upon life episodes and the pattern of such episodes shape identities. The results suggest different patterns of articulations through narratives. These narratives are associated with different underlying ontological discourses that describe diverse ways of reasoning among boundary-crossing individuals.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Data assimilation in stand level forest inventory – first results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Natural resources and bioeconomy studies. - 2342-7639. ; 29, s. 37-37
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Data assimilation in stand-level forest inventory – first results Nils Lindgren 1 , Mattias Nyström1 , Jörgen Wallerman 1 , Sarah Ehlers 1 , Anton Grafström1 , Anders Muszta 1 , Kenneth Nyström1 , Erik Willen 2 , Johan Fransson 1 , Jonas Bohlin 1 , Håkan Olsson 1 , Göran Ståhl 1 1Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden 2Skogforsk, Uppsala, Sweden As we are entering an era of increased supply of remote sensing data, we believe that data assimilation has a large potential for keeping forest stand registers up to date (Ehlers et al. 2013). Data assimilation combines forecasts of previous estimates with new observations of the current state in an optimal way based on the uncertainties in the forecast and the observations. These forecasting and updating steps can be repeated with new available observations to get improved estimations. In the present study, we use canopy height models obtained from matching of digital aerial photos over the test site Remningstorp in Sweden, acquired 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2012 and normalized with a DEM from airborne laser scanning. Stem volume was estimated for each data acquisition and stand, using regression functions based on field reference data from sample plots. Forecasting was done with growth functions constructed from National Forest Inventory plots. The remote sensing estimates for each time point were assimilated with the forecasts of the previous estimates, using extended Kalman filtering. Validation was done on 40 m radius sample plots dominated by Norway spruce. Early results for three stands show that the variances were lower when using assimilation of new estimates and there was less fluctuation compared to repeated remote sensing estimates. The results for the assimilated data at year 2011 were also consistently closer to the validation data measured in 2011 compared to the remote sensing estimates from year 2011.
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| 26. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Prediction of Forest Variables Using Data Assimilation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0703-8992 .- 1712-7971. ; 43, s. 374-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The statistical framework of data assimilation provides methods for utilizing new data for obtaining up-to-date forest data: existing forest data are forecasted and combined with each new remote sensing data set. This new paradigm for updating forest database, well known from other fields of study, will provide a framework for utilizing all available remote sensing data in proportion to their quality to improve prediction. It also solves the problem that not all remote sensing data sets provide information for the entire area of interest, since areas with no remote sensing data can be forecasted until new remote sensing data become available. In this study, extended Kalman filtering was used for assimilating data from 19 TanDEM-X InSAR images on 137 sample plots, each of 10-meter radius at a test site in southern Sweden over a period of 4 years. At almost all time points data assimilation resulted in predictions closer to the reference value than predictions based on data from that single time point. For the study variables Lorey's mean height, basal area, and stem volume, the median reduction in root mean square error was 0.4 m, 0.9 m(2)/ha, and 15.3 m(3)/ha (2, 3, and 6 percentage points), respectively.
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| 27. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Metodutveckling för datainsamling i NILS landskapsruta : skattningar med laserdata och optiska satellitbilder
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- NILS är en stickprovsbaserad inventering som syftar till att producera information om miljön i Sverige. Resultaten används bland annat för nationell statistik och internationell rapportering liksom för forskning. Inventeringen baseras på åter-kommande inventering av 631 systematiskt utlagda samplingsenheter eller ”rutor” där varje ruta består av: en 1 km stor ruta som tolkas i detalj i IR-flygbilder, 12 provytor som besöks i fält, samt en 5 * 5 km stor ruta som skall ge information om omgivande landskap. Projektet har haft som syfte att undersöka möjligheter för att kartera NILS 5 km ruta med automatiska metoder som kan utföras med en begrän-sad tidståtgång. I denna rapport rapporteras försök med att använda optiska satellitdata från Landsat TM och SPOT HRG sensorerna, samt laserskannerdata från lantmäteriets nationella skanning för en ny nationell höjdmodell (NH). Viss förhandstolkning av ägoslagsgränser har gjorts i fotogrammetrisk arbetsstation. För att minska mängden manuellt arbete har möjligheterna att använda referensdata från NILS inventering-ens fältytor eller 1 km ruta, samt från Riksskogstaxeringen också undersökts. De väsentligaste resultaten redovisas nedan: Krontäckning och trädvegetationens höjd kan skattas från laserdata om re-ferensdata beräknas från Riksskogstaxeringens klavträd, eller bedöms i fo-togrammetrisk arbetsstation; däremot så var Riksskogstaxeringens fältbe-dömda krontäckningar inte lika bra referensdata. Busktäckning kunde inte skattas med laserskannerdata från Lantmäteriets nationella laserskanning, men har kunnat skattas i andra studier som gjorts med mera specialiserade skanningar, De referensytor som täcker en satellitregistrering sammanfaller i regel end-ast delvis med de referensytor som täcker lämpliga laserskannerdata för samma skattningsområde, ett stratifierat arbetssätt är därför att föredra. Lantmäteriets laserskanning i kombination med referensdata från Riks-skogstaxeringen lämpade sig därvid väl för att dela in landskapet i öppna och trädtäckta marker (i detta projekt definierades trädtäckta områden som områden med mer än 10% krontäckning och mer än 3 m trädhöjd). Inom trädtäckta områden kan en klassning i grova trädslagsklasser göras från kombinationen av satellitbilder och Riksskogstaxeringens ytor. För det öppna landskapet undersöktes om befintliga fältdata kunde använ-das för en grov markvegetationsklassning, men datamaterialet, både från NILS och Riksskogstaxeringen, blev för litet. Flygbildstolkningen från NILS 1 km ruta var inte heller lämplig för detta ändamål. Istället kan en speciell flygbildstolkning användas, där ytor subjektivt väljs speciellt för denna klassning. Ett klassningsschema utvecklades, där ett antal grova klasser blev slutresultatet
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| 28. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Using Optical Satellite Data and Airborne Lidar Data for a Nationwide Sampling Survey
- 2015
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 7, s. 4253-4267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A workflow for combining airborne lidar, optical satellite data and National Forest Inventory (NFI) plots for cost efficient operational mapping of a nationwide sample of 5x 5 km squares in the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS) landscape inventory in Sweden is presented. Since the areas where both satellite data and lidar data have a common data quality are limited, and impose a constraint on the number of available NFI plots, it is not feasible to perform classifications in a single step. Instead a stratified approach where canopy cover and canopy height are first predicted from lidar data trained with NFI plots is proposed. From the lidar predictions a forest stratum is defined as grid cells with more than 3m mean tree height and more than 10% vertical canopy cover, the remaining grid cells are defined as open land. Both forest and open land are then classified into broad vegetation classes using optical satellite data. The classification of open land is trained with aerial photo interpretation and the classification of the forest stratum is trained with a new set of NFI plots. The result is a rational procedure for nationwide sample based vegetation characterization.
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| 29. |
- Lindgren, Paula, et al.
(författare)
-
A demonstration of an affinity between pyrite and organic matter in a hydrothermal setting
- 2011
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Ingår i: Geochemical Transactions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1467-4866. ; 12, s. 3-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the key-principles of the iron-sulphur world theory is to bring organic molecules close enough to interact with each other, using the surface of pyrite as a substrate in a hydrothermal setting. The present paper explores the relationship of pyrite and organic matter in a hydrothermal setting from the geological record; in hydrothermal calcite veins from Carboniferous limestones in central Ireland. Here, the organic matter is accumulated as coatings around, and through, pyrite grains. Most of the pyrite grains are euhedral-subhedral crystals, ranging in size from ca 0.1-0.5 mm in diameter, and they are scattered throughout the matrix of the vein calcite. The organic matter was deposited from a hydrothermal fluid at a temperature of at least 200 degrees C, and gives a Raman signature of disordered carbon. This study points to an example from a hydrothermal setting in the geological record, demonstrating that pyrite can have a high potential for the concentration and accumulation of organic materials.
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| 30. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Cargo-call-stack Static Call-stack Analysis for Rust
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. ; , s. 1169-1176
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Memory safety is instrumental to the safety and security of software systems. The Rust language stands out with a type system and underlying memory model targeting memory safety without the need for dynamic garbage collection, making Rust a viable option for embedded applications. In this paper we present an integrated tool for call-stack analysis of Rust applications. We cover both theoretical and practical challenges, their solutions and open questions. The cargo-call-stack tool is useful for analyzing Rust applications in general, and embedded Rust in particular. To the latter, we show that using the call-stack analysis we can give guarantees of total memory safety, free of assumptions on operating systems and underlying memory protection mechanisms in hardware. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by applying the `call-stack' tool on production code targeting a light-weight ARM Cortex-M platform.
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| 31. |
- Lindgren, Paula, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration of organic matter in hydrothermal deposits
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Organic matter with various origins is commonly associated with hydrothermal activity. Examples from the terrestrial record include hydrothermally produced petroleum (Simoneit 1988), the possible formation of abiotic organic molecules (Holm 1992), and present-day biological activity around hydrothermal vents and hot springs (Corliss et al. 1979; Reysenbach and Cady 2001). If the conditions for preservation of the organic matter are favourable, hydrothermal deposits could be suitable sites for the detection of extraterrestrial organic matter, for example on Mars (e.g. Simoneit et al. 1998).The study of hydrothermal deposits in the terrestrial record allows us to gain more knowledge of the distribution of organic matter in various fossil hydrothermal settings. We have investigated fossil hydrothermal deposits on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, where the heat from igneous intrusions (Paleogene dolerite sills) in wet carbon-rich shale (Jurassic) has caused localized hydrothermal activity with the mobilization of organic-rich fluids. Here, the organic matter is accumulated in hydrothermal deposits: It occurs as vesicular hydrocarbon, located in hydrothermal veins together with calcite, chlorite and quartz, and as a cm-dm thick sheet sandwiched between the shale and the intrusive body. Organic matter also occurs in hydrothermally precipitated calcite veins that cross-cuts the igneous intrusion, and in vesicles of the igneous rock.This is one example from the terrestrial record showing that where organic matter is available, it can be mobilised and concentrated as a result of hydrothermal activity. The same process of carbon concentration could have taken place in ancient martian hydrothermal systems, induced by igneous activity or bolide impacts.
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| 32. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing Certified Compilation in Education by a Functional Language Approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings Seventh International Workshop on Trends in Functional Programming in Education. - : Open Publishing Association. ; , s. 65-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Classes on compiler technology are commonly found in Computer Science curricula, covering aspects of parsing, semantic analysis, intermediate transformations and target code generation. This paper reports on introducing certified compilation techniques through a functional language approach in an introductory course on Compiler Construction. Targeting students with little or no experience in formal methods, the proof process is highly automated using the Why3 framework. Underlying logic, semantic modelling and proofs are introduced along with exercises and assignments leading up to a formally verified compiler for a simplistic imperative language.This paper covers the motivation, course design, tool selection, and teaching methods, together with evaluations and suggested improvements from the perspectives of both students and teachers.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Lindgren, Paula, et al.
(författare)
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Putative fossil life in a hydrothermal system of the Dellen impact structure, Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Astrobiology. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1473-5504 .- 1475-3006. ; 9:3, s. 137-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in regulating glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells was investigated. [H-3]-2-Deoxyglucose uptake was increased in differentiated L6 cells by insulin, acetylcholine, oxotremorine-M and carbachol. mAChR-mediated glucose uptake was inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Whole cell radioligand binding using [H-3]-N-methyl scopolamine chloride identified mAChRs in differentiated but not undifferentiated L6 cells and M-3 mAChR mRNA was detected only in differentiated cells. M-3 mAChRs are Gq-coupled, and cholinergic stimulation by the rnAChR agonists acetylcholine, oxotremorine-M and carbachol increased Ca2+ in differentiated but not undifferentiated L6 cells. This was due to muscarinic but not nicotinic activation as responses were antagonised by the muscarinic antagonist atropine but not the nicotinic antagonist tubocurarine. Western blotting showed that both carbachol and the AMPK activator AICAR increased phosphorylation of the AMPK alpha subunit at Thr172, with responses to carbachol blocked by Compound C and the CaMKK inhibitor STO609 but not by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. AICAR-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation was not sensitive to STO-609, confirming that this compound inhibits CaMKK but not the classical AMPK kinase LKB1. The TAK1 inhibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol and the G(i) inhibitor pertussis toxin both failed to block AMPK phosphorylation in response to carbachol. Using CHO-K1 cells stably expressing each of the mAChR subtypes (M-1-M-4), it was determined that only the M-1 and M-3 mAChRs phosphorylate AMPK, confirming a G(q)-dependent mechanism. This study demonstrates that activation of M-3 mAChRs in L6 skeletal muscle cells stimulates glucose uptake via a CaMKK-AMPK-dependent mechanism, independent of the insulin-stimulated pathway.
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| 35. |
- Lindgren, Paula, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Pyrite as a template for carbon fixation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biospheres. - Dordrecht : Springer. ; , s. 370-371
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- An important process in the evolution of life is the precipitation and concentration of organic species. There are several examples of minerals acting as templates for the accumulation and concentration of organic matter. These include for instance clays (e.g. Cairns-Smith and Hartman, 1986), radioactive minerals (e.g. Rasmussen, et al. 1993), zeolites and feldspars (e.g. Smith, et al. 1999) and the sulphide mineral pyrite (FeS2) (e.g. Wächtershäuser, 1988). Wächtershäuser (1988) suggested that prebiotic chemistry and eventually life itself could have started on the surface of pyrite. Pyrite carries a slight positive electrical charge, and can attract negatively charged organic molecules, bringing them close enough to interact. Pyrite is also oil-wet in some circumstances (Yusupova, 2002). This means that if the mineral is exposed to a mix of oil and water, the oil will preferentially adhere to the surface of pyrite. We have studied migrated organic matter in the Irish Carboniferous, including in sulphide deposits, to assess whether sulphides in fact do act as templates for organics. Here, pyrite was found acting as a template for carbon fixation in hydrothermal calcite veins, cutting through limestone. The pyrite crystals are ca. 1 mm in diameter and scattered throughout the vein matrix. The organic matter is migrated bitumen, and appears as smooth and rounded solid droplets, concentrated around the pyrite crystals. Scanning electron microscope analyses show the organics occurring as a ca. 150 µm thick and even coating around the pyrite crystals. Sulphide templates could be important for carbon fixation on Mars. There is widespread evidence of that sulphur species are prominent in Martian surface environments, assumed to have been introduced to the surface through volcanic activity. Currently, the Martian surface is highly oxidizing and therefore sulphates predominate, but early in the planet’s history reducing conditions pertained. Accordingly it has been suggested that sulphides occurs on Mars (Burns and Fisher, 1990), now preserved at depth. Sulphides are also known to be present on Mars from Martian meteorites (e.g. Greenwood, et al. 2000). Sulphides are sources of fuel for micro-organisms that oxidize sulphides on Earth, and the same could have been the case on Mars (Bishop, et al. 2004). The carbon coated pyrite in this study, is one example from the geological record showing that terrestrial sulphides can have a high potential for the preservation of organic materials. This could also be possible on Mars, and therefore Martian sulphides are good targets for seeking evidence of putative Martian life.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Lindgren, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
-
Utbildning utan lottning
- 2006
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Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det är trångt i kön till läkarutbildningen. Därför har Lunds universitet beslutat att utgå från skolbetyg vid antagning till utbildningen och att använda högskoleprovresultat som skiljekriterium vid lika meriter. Det skriver Stefan Lindgren, programdirektör, Lena Sandberg, nämndsekreterare, och Nils Danielsen, ordförande för läkarprogrammet vid Lunds universitet.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lindner, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Verification of Safety Functions Implemented in Rust : a Symbolic Execution based approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). - : IEEE. ; , s. 432-439
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Symbolic execution allows us to observe and assert properties of program code executing under (partially) unknown inputs and state. In this work we present a case study demonstrating that safety functions implemented in the Rust programming language can be verified by an assertion based approach. To this end, we leverage on previous developments adopting LLVM-KLEE for symbolic execution of Rust programs.In particular we show that reliability can be ensured by proven absence of undefined behavior and that safety properties (expressed as assertions) can be ensured for all reachable paths of the underlying implementation (under symbolic inputs). Moreover, the verification (besides stating assertions) is fully automatic and can be applied without any changes made to the implementation. While assertions have the advantage of being familiar to the mainstream programmer, they lack the expressiveness of dedicated logic developed for model checking. The paper also discusses complexity issues arising from path/state explosion inherent to symbolic execution. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated on a representative use case implementing a safety function (equality) from the PLCopen library. We obtain complete path- (466) and state- (8) coverage in under 2 seconds for the given example on an i7-7700 laptop computer.
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| 40. |
- Mårtensson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth of language-related brain areas after foreign language learning
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 63:1, s. 240-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of adult foreign-language acquisition on human brain organization is poorly understood. We studied cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes of conscript interpreters before and after three months of intense language studies. Results revealed increases in hippocampus volume and in cortical thickness of the left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus for interpreters relative to controls. The right hippocampus and the left superior temporal gyrus were structurally more malleable in interpreters acquiring higher proficiency in the foreign language. Interpreters struggling relatively more to master the language displayed larger gray matter increases in the middle frontal gyrus. These findings confirm structural changes in brain regions known to serve language functions during foreign-language acquisition.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A nationwide forest attribute map of Sweden predicted using airborne laser scanning data and field data from the National Forest Inventory
- 2017
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing of Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-4257 .- 1879-0704. ; 194, s. 447-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The National Mapping Agency in Sweden has conducted an airborne laser scanning (ALS) campaign covering almost the entire country for the purpose of creating a new national Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The ALS data were collected between 2009 and 2015 using Leica, Optech, Riegi, and Trimble scanners and have a point density of 0.5-1.0 pulses/m(2). A high resolution national raster database (12.5 m x 12.5 m cell size) with forest variables was produced by combining the ALS data with field data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI). Approximately 11500 NFI plots (10 meter radius) located on productive forest land, inventoried between 2009 and 2013, were used to create linear regression models relating selected forest variables, or transformations of the variables, to metrics derived from the ALS data. The resulting stand level relative RMSEs for predictions of stem volume, basal area, basal-area weighted mean tree height, and basal-area weighted mean stem diameter were in the ranges of 17.2-22.0%, 13.9-18.2%, 5.4-9.5%, and 8.7-13.1%, respectively. It was concluded that the predictions had an accuracy that were at least as good as data typically used in forest management planning. Above ground tree biomass was also included in the national raster database but not validated on a stand -level. An important part of the project was to make the raster database available to private forest owners, forest associations, forest companies, authorities, researchers, and the general public. Thus, all predicted forest variables can be viewed and downloaded free of charge at the Swedish Forest Agency's homepage (http://www. skogsstyrelsen.se/skogligagrunddata). (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 44. |
- Nyström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Assimilating remote sensing data with forest growth models
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As we are entering an era of increased supply of remote sensing data, we believe that dataassimilation that combines growth forecasts of previous estimates with new observations of thecurrent state has a large potential for keeping forest stand registers up to date (Ehlers et al. 2013).The data assimilation will update a forest model e in an optimal way based on the uncertainties inthe forecast and the observations, each time new data becomes available. These forecasting andupdating steps can be repeated with new available observations to get improved estimations. In thisstudy we present the first practical results from data assimilation of mean tree height, basal area andgrowing stock. The remote sensing data used were canopy height models obtained from matching ofdigital aerial photos over the test site Remningstorp in Sweden. The photos were acquired 2003,2005, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2012 and normalized with a DEM from airborne laser scanning.The procedure for the data assimilation was as follows: mean tree height, basal area and growingstock were predicted on 18 m × 18 m raster cells using the area based method. Ten meter radiussample plots were used as field calibration data. For each photo year, the field data were adjustedfor growth to have the same state year as each acquisition year of the photos. Growth models wereconstructed from National Forest Inventory plot data. Data assimilation could then be performed onraster cell level by initially start with the estimates from 2003 year´s photos. This prediction was thenforecasted to year 2005 by calculating the growth for the raster cell. This forecasted value is thenblended with the new remote sensing estimation collected 2005. The process was then repeated forthe following years where new measurements were available. In this study, extended Kalmanfiltering was used to blend the forecasted values with the new remote sensing measurements.Validation was done for 40 m radius field plots. Further, the results were also compared with twoalternative approaches: the first was to forecast the first remote sensing estimate to the endpointand the second was to use remote sensing data acquired at the endpoint only.The preliminary results for the eight forest stands show that the variances were lower when usingassimilation of new estimates and there were less fluctuation compared to only using remote sensingdata from the endpoint. However, the mean deviation from the measured value 2011 was lowerwhen only data from the endpoint were used. The assimilated values 2011 were consistently closerto the validation data compared to only forecasting the starting estimate from 2003 to 2011.
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| 45. |
- Nyström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Data assimilation : a prototype system to assimilate forest stand information
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this report is to describe a data assimilation prototype program(Appendix A) developed to estimate forest stand data. The program was developed and tested on data col-lected on the forest estate Remningstorp in southern Sweden. Data assimilation can be used to sequentially combine remote sensing based estimates of forest variables with predictions from growth models. The assimilation routine implemented was the extended Kalman Filter. The program supports two different ways to assimilate the forest data: (1) pixel-wise and (2)stand-wise. In the pixel-wise way, raster cells are used as assimilation unit and can beaggregated to a stand for evaluation. In the stand-wise way, the whole stand is assimilatedas one unit. The two methods has pros and cons. The pixel-wise way is simple to use as nostand-delineation is needed, but might be subject to boundary effects and noise due to geo-metric errors. Using the developed code, it has been shown in three case studies that thecombination of time series of remote sensing data and forest growth functions provides bet-ter estimates of forest variables than only using forecasting, or only using the latest remotesensing data. This opens up for a new way to keep forest stand registers up to date.
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| 46. |
- Nyström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Data assimilation in forest inventory: first empirical results
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 6, s. 4540-4557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data assimilation techniques were used to estimate forest stand data in 2011 bysequentially combining remote sensing based estimates of forest variables with predictions fromgrowth models. Estimates of stand data, based on canopy height models obtained from imagematching of digital aerial images at six different time-points between 2003 and 2011, served asinput to the data assimilation. The assimilation routines were built on the extended Kalman filter.The study was conducted in hemi-boreal forest at the Remningstorp test site in southern Sweden(lat. 13˝371 N; long. 58˝281 E). The assimilation results were compared with two other methodsused in practice for estimation of forest variables: the first was to use only the most recent estimateobtained from remotely sensed data (2011) and the second was to forecast the first estimate (2003)to the endpoint (2011). All three approaches were validated using nine 40 m radius validation plots,which were carefully measured in the field. The results showed that the data assimilation approachprovided better results than the two alternative methods. Data assimilation of remote sensing timeseries has been used previously for calibrating forest ecosystem models, but, to our knowledge,this is the first study with real data where data assimilation has been used for estimating forestinventory data. The study constitutes a starting point for the development of a framework usefulfor sequentially utilizing all types of remote sensing data in order to provide precise and up-to-dateestimates of forest stand parameters.
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| 47. |
- Nyström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Data assimilation in forest inventory, first empirical results using ALS data
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A first data assimilation case study using a time series of ALS for updating forest stand data is presented. Forest stand data are predicted from each ALS acquisition. Kalman filtering and growth models are then used to combine each new ALS based prediction with forecasts from the previous data acquisition.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Trygg, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Projektiva test inom rättspsykiatrin medför risker för rättssäkerheten : Endast metoder med god empirisk förankring bör användas
- 2001
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 98:26-27, s. 3118-3123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En rättspsykiatrisk utredning innebär ett etiskt och juridiskt ansvar mot den enskilde och samhället. Därför måste de test som används av psykologer vid rättspsykiatriska utredningar vara väl prövade. Ändå användes projektiva test med ifrågasatt tillförlitlighet när man vid rättspsykiatriska avdelningen i Stockholm (Huddingeenheten) genomförde psykologiska utredningar av en grupp män med multipla psykiatriska diagnoser. Empiriskt utprövade neuropsykologiska testbatterier (t ex Halstead-Reitan eller Luria-Nebraska) användes trots detta inte. Utifrån vetenskapliga kriterier måste nuvarande utbredda användning av projektiva test och psykodynamiska bedömningar av patienter med omfattande neuropsykologiska funktionsnedsättningar ifrågasättas. De mest frekvent använda metoderna ger utrymme för omfattande subjektivt baserade tolkningar.
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