| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Ambrazaitis, Gilbert, et al.
(författare)
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On final rises and fall-rises in German and Swedish
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings FONETIK 2008. - 9789197719605 ; , s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores the intonational signalling of a ‘request address’ in German and Swedish. Data from 16 speakers (9 Germans, 7 Swedes) were elicited under controlled conditions, and intonation contours produced on the test phrase “Wallander?” were classified according to their phrase-final pattern. Both ‘rises’ and ‘fall-rises’ were produced frequently by both Germans and Swedes, which is in line with Ohala’s frequency code, but challenging for the Lund model of Swedish intonation.
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| 3. |
- Ask, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Studenters uppmärksamhet under föreläsningar
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings utvecklingskonferens 09 Lunds Universitet. - 9789197797429 ; , s. 112-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Föreläsningar är vanlig undervisningsform på Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). Deras stora fördel är att information överförs ekonomiskt och effektivt till många studenter samtidigt men de har även sina begränsningar. Kritiker menar att information överförs till passivt mottagande studenter och att bristande uppmärksamhet och engagemang hos studenterna begränsar mängden kunskap som faktiskt tas emot. En intervju- och litteraturstudie har genomförts för att dels inventera vilka metoder som finns för att hålla studenternas uppmärksamhet uppe och dels vilka som tillämpas av föreläsare vid LTH. Variation och olika former av aktivering framstår såväl i litteraturen som i intervjuerna som viktiga metoder. I artikeln presenteras även inspiration kring hur man kan använda variation, och andra aktiviteter för att engagera och aktivera studenterna samt hur man kan strukturera en föreläsning. De flesta av de intervjuade föreläsarna uppger att de utvecklat sina strategier genom erfarenhet medan knappt hälften nämner pedagogiska kurser.
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| 4. |
- Enquist, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Open-air oxidative Heck reactions at room temperature
- 2006
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 8:4, s. 338-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative Heck arylation reactions proceed at room temperature with atmospheric air as the sole reoxidant. Using arylboronic acids as arylating agents and inexpensive 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline as the supporting ligand, efficient vinylic substitution reactions were obtained both with electron-poor and electron-rich olefins on a 1–50 mmol scale.
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| 5. |
- Frisk, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease of trace elements in erythrocytes and plasma after removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Trace Element Research. - 0163-4984 .- 1559-0720. ; 113:3, s. 247-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine the concentration changes of 13 elements in erythrocytes and plasma after the removal of dental amalgam and other metal alloys. Blood samples from 250 patients were collected, separated into erythrocytes and plasma, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The 250 patients were divided into 3 groups (Negative, Zero, and Positive) depending on their estimation of quality of life in an earlier study. Magnesium in plasma, selenium and mercury in plasma, and erythrocytes showed decreased concentrations after amalgam removal in all groups (p < 0.05). Titanium in plasma, copper in plasma, and erythrocytes and zinc in plasma exhibited decreased concentrations after amalgam removal in the Negative and Positive groups (p < 0.05). Silver in plasma and gold in erythrocytes decreased in the Zero and Positive groups after amalgam removal (p < 0.05). Copper in erythrocytes and silver and gold in plasma showed higher concentrations after amalgam removal in the Negative compared to the Positive group (p < 0.05), suggesting that patients in the Negative group excrete metals slowly. Moreover, the cobalt levels in plasma were lowest in the Negative group and only this group showed a significant increase in vitamin B12 levels in blood after amalgam removal.
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| 6. |
- Hedenus, Michael, 1945-
(författare)
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Clinical impact of epoetins in the treatment of anemia with special emphasis on patients with lymphoid malignancies. : dosing, iron supplementation and safety
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to determine the relevant dose of arbepoetin-alfa (DA) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) and chemotherapy induced anemia (CIA), to study the clinical impact of intravenous (IV) iron supplementation combined with epoetin beta treatment, to identify factors that might predict hemoglobin (Hb) response to treatment with epoetins and to investigate safety of DA.A dose-finding phase II study was able to assess a reasonable DA dose of 2.25 μg/kg once weekly for the treatment of CIA in patients with LPD. Dose-response trends were observed for the different dose cohorts although not statistically significant for any of the endpoints. However a significantly higher proportion of patients achieved Hb response (increase ≥2 g/dL) in the combined DA groups than in placebo (P<0.001).A larger pivotal phase II trial was performed in a similar setting o confirm that the dose 2.25μg/kg once weekly was appropriate and safe. The proportion of patients achieving Hb response was significantly higher in the DA group (60%) than in the placebo group (18%) (P<0,001) and resulted in higher mean changes in Hb than placebo from baseline, 2.66 g/dl versus 0.69 /dl. Also a significantly lower proportion of patients in the DA group (31%) received RBC tranfusions than in the placebo group (48%). The short-term safety of DA with the tested dose was confirmed. The efficacy of DA was consistent for all end points independent of malignancy type or baseline endogenous erythropoietin serum levels.The correction of moderate anemia in truly iron repleted patients with clinically stable LPD not receiving hemotherapy or RBC transfusions with epoetin beta treatment, with or without IV iron treatment was studied in an open label randomized trial. Also the impact on iron kinetics was assessed. The mean change in Hb concentration from baseline to end of treatment (EOT ) was 2.91 versus 1.50 g/dL respectively (P<0.0001). There was a significant (P<0.0001) difference in mean Hb at EOT between the iron and no-iron groups (13.0 g/dL versus 11.8 g/dL). Hb response was achieved by significantly more patients in the iron group (P=0.0012)than in the no-iron group (93% versus 53%) and the median time to achieve a Hb response was 6 weeks in the iron group compared with 12 weeks in the no-iron group. The mean weekly epoetin dose per patient was statistically significant lower in the iron group at week 13 (P =0.029) and at least 25% lower at EOT.To investigate the long-term safety of DA in cancer patients with CIA four previously published double blind, randomized placebo-controlled phase II -III studies were analysed (n = 1.129). Median durations of progression-free survival and overall survival was comparable between DA and placebo for lung cancer (median follow up 15.8 months), for LPD (median follow up 32.6 months) and in the pooled population (follow up 4 months).
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| 7. |
- Hylander, Lars D., et al.
(författare)
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Mercury recovery in situ of four different dental amalgam separators
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 366:1, s. 320-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amalgam separators are used to physically remove dental amalgam from waste water in dental clinics. They are thereby supposed to reduce mercury (Hg) emissions to the municipal waste water system to acceptable levels. We here present results from a comparative study in situ of three amalgam separators available on the market, all with a claimed efficiency of 99% according to Danish and ISO protocols, and using sedimentation as the principle of separation. We also present corresponding data for an investigational prototype of an improved separator. The obtained efficiency of the three commercial separators is far below what is stated by the manufacturer and by authorities assumed to be the efficiency in clinical conditions. They reduced Hg emissions by 79 - 91%, leaving an average Hg content in outgoing waste water of 1.5 mg L(-1). However, the prototype separator participating in this study retained 99.9% of the waste water Hg emissions, leaving an average Hg content in outgoing waste water of 0.004 mg L(-1). Physical restrictions prohibit sedimentary type separators to recover the Hg fractions causing the largest damages in wastewater treatment plants. This fraction is not considered in the ISO protocol for testing amalgam separators, which therefore needs to be revised. Abolishing the use of dental amalgam and cleaning the tubing systems is the most efficient long-term solution to reduce Hg emissions from dental clinics. Until then, Hg emissions originating from placing, polishing or removing existing amalgam fillings, should be counteracted by the use of low-emission amalgam separators, already on the market or presently being developed for use alone or together with sedimentary type amalgam separators.
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| 8. |
- Kölbel, Tilo, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic iliac vein occlusion: midterm results of endovascular recanalization.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Endovascular Therapy. - : International Society of Endovascular Specialists. - 1545-1550 .- 1526-6028. ; 16:4, s. 483-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE:To evaluate patency and clinical outcome in patients treated with endovascular recanalization and stent placement for chronic iliac vein occlusions. METHODS:During a 14-year period (1994-2008), 59 (38 women; median age 39 years) of 62 patients with chronic occlusion of the iliac vein segment in 66 limbs were successfully treated with endovascular recanalization and stent placement. A prospectively maintained database was analyzed retrospectively to obtain information on clinical details, endovascular techniques, and outcome. RESULTS:Three (5%) procedures failed for technical reasons. Three (5%) complications occurred, 2 (3%) of which were perforations requiring transfusion and procedure termination. Initial clinical success after 6 months was achieved in 49 (83%) of the 59 patients successfully treated initially. Primary patency after a median imaging follow-up of 25 months was 67% (44/66), assisted primary patency was 75% (49/66), and secondary patency was 79% (52/66). Fifteen (23%) of 66 limbs were asymptomatic after a median clinical follow-up of 32 months, 34 (52%) limbs were improved, 13 (20%) were unchanged, and 4 (6%) were worse compared to before intervention. Actuarial primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were 70%, 73%, and 80%, respectively, at 5 years. CONCLUSION:Endovascular recanalization and stent placement is a safe and effective treatment for occluded iliac veins and adjacent segments. Clinical midterm results are encouraging. Recanalized and stented segments remain patent in the majority of patients after 2 years. Endovascular treatment can ease symptoms and prevent further deterioration of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome.
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| 9. |
- Kölbel, Tilo, et al.
(författare)
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Thrombus Embolization Into IVC Filters During Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Proximal Deep Venous Thrombosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Endovascular Therapy. - 1545-1550. ; 15:5, s. 605-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To assess the frequency of embolization into retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters during catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and stent placement for acute iliocaval deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods: Serial phlebograms from 40 patients (28 women; median age 32 years) consecutively treated with CDT for DVT during a 12-year period were retrospectively evaluated for visible emboli in the IVC filter. Clinical and procedural data extracted from a prospectively maintained database were evaluated to identify predictors for embolization into the filter. Results: Visible emboli were found in 18 (45%) patients. Visible embolization to the IVC filter was less frequent in patients with a hypercoagulable disorder (n=29, 31%) than in patients without a hypercoagulable disorder (n=11, 69%; OR 0.1, 95% Cl 0.02 to 0.56, p=0.006). No patient developed clinical symptomatic pulmonary embolism or a complication related to the placement or retrieval of the IVC filter. Conclusion: Thrombus embolization during CDT is a common phenomenon in patients with proximal DVT. Placement of a retrievable IVC filter during thrombolytic therapy can prevent silent and symptomatic pulmonary embolism.
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| 10. |
- Lindh, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Crystallization of orbicular rocks exemplified by the Slattemossa occurrence, southeastern Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Geological Magazine. - 0016-7568. ; 143:5, s. 713-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The orbicular rock at Slattemossa, southeastern Sweden, has a quartz monzodioritic composition. The cores of the orbicules crystallized directly from the orbicule-forming magma; cores made up of xenoliths have not been observed. Outside the core follow first an inner mafic, a felsic and then an outer mafic shell. The orbicules occur in a matrix, which is similar to the core. They grew simultaneously and show an almost perfect parallelism in evolution. After initial 'normal' crystallization of the magma, superheating probably triggered by a sudden addition of volatiles destroyed earlier formed nuclei and also affected the already crystallized part of the rock. Cooling caused heterogeneous nucleation and rapid crystallization, which formed the inner mafic shell. This is enriched in mafic minerals, especially biotite, compared to the core. At the same time the grain size becomes significantly smaller. Depletion in malic components, possibly intensified by a sudden change in physical conditions, destabilized biotite and amphibole crystallization, causing oversaturation in plagioclase components, forming a felsic shell having a sharp boundary with the mafic shell. Plagioclase is extremely altered. Mafic minerals were then stabilized, probably due to depletion of plagioclase components, and an outer mafic shell formed. With the return to homogeneous nucleation, matrix formation concluded the crystallization. Orbicules might have moved in the magma causing some squeezing of magma surrounding the orbicules, but major movements involved the settling of the whole package of orbicules and matrix in the surrounding non-orbicular magma.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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"Det är just det där, att man kan planera lektionerna på impuls..." : om UR-program som strömmande media i skolan
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att se vad några blivande lärare med samhällsvetenskaplig inriktning har för uppfattning om att använda utbildningsradions program som strömmande media i sin undervisning. Vilka är deras bilder av hur eleverna ser på detta? Rapporten är ett nedslag i verksamheten. Hur fungerar strömmande media och hur tänker lärarutbildningen, respektive UR kring framtiden? Vad säger mediepedagog Lars Fernebring på UR, och vad säger lärarutbildningens tidigare dekan Maria Sundkvist? Rapporten är ett resultat av ett projekt som fått medel för pedagogisk utveckling i grundutbildningen av Malmö högskola.
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| 13. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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Origin of chemically distinct granites in a composite intrusion in east-central Sweden: geochemical and geothermal constraints
- 2005
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6143 .- 0024-4937. ; 80:1-4, s. 249-266
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A few tens of millions of years after the intrusion of the Early Svecofennian (similar to1.87-1.85 Ma) granitoids in central Sweden, a renewed magmatic activity resulted in the emplacement of the Late Svecofennian granites, the tectonic setting of which remains obscure. S-type granites dominate this group, but both I-type and transitional granites are common. This study deals with one of these intrusions in east-central Sweden; a composite pluton that is insignificantly deformed and hosts both I- and S-type granites. One of the I-type granites shows a compositional trend from granodiorite to granite, which is uncommon among the Late Svecofennian granites. Major element and incompatible trace element compositions and epsilon(Nd) data show that two different sources, one igneous and one sedimentary, were involved. An important conclusion is that nearly coeval granites derived from different sources are found in close connection. The granites are suggested to have formed by partial melting in a thickened continental crust that was formed in an early stage of the Svecofennian event. Thermal models suggest that the slightly older, high-temperature I-type granite (granodiorite) was formed deeper in the crust than the S-type granite. The coexistence of essentially pure I- and S-type granites, rather than transitional mixtures, reflects the relative depths of the proposed sources and the varying thermal parameters of the lithologic units in the Svecofennian crust.
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| 14. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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”På samma sätt som man kan analysera ett vetenskapligt arbete kan man alltså analysera ett konstnärligt arbete…” - Handledarperspektiv på alternativa examensarbetesformer och relationer mellan estetiska uttrycksformer, bedömning och vetenskaplighet
- 2007
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Ingår i: Från syfte till gestaltning. - : SÄL - Särskild lärarutbildning.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad är ett ”alternativt” examensarbete? Eftersom den vanliga formen för examensarbeten är en skriven text, skulle ett alternativt examensarbete kunna vara ett arbete som inte är en skriven text, eller som inte enbart är en skriven text. Man skulle kunna tänka sig arbeten där andra former för mediering eller gestaltning av budskap och innehåll används. Det kan vara rörlig bild, fotografisk bild, drama, olika webbpublikationer et cetera. Det skulle också kunna utgöra något annat slag av produktion. Inte minst med tanke på att regeringen inom ramen för särskild lärarutbildning, SÄL, gör en satsning på att utbilda icke-behöriga så kallade yrkeslärare på gymnasiet, torde det finnas anledning att diskutera möjligheterna att presentera sitt examensarbete i andra former än enbart uppsatsens med det skrivna ordet som enda kommunikationsmedium. I den här texten kommer jag dock mest att uppehålla mig vid examensarbeten som har olika estetiska uttrycksformer.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lindh, Anders
(författare)
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The geochemistry of the Sorvik granite - a TIB-1 granite
- 2008
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Ingår i: GFF. - 2000-0863. ; 130, s. 139-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sorvik granite occurs as rounded massifs in the Revsund granite in central Sweden. The rock is medium-grained with rounded quartz crystals ('drop quartz') and occasional, sometimes albiterimmed megacrysts of K-feldspar. It is a faintly peraluminous 1-type granite with some A-type affinities showing a limited chemical variation. The SiO2 content normally varies between 68 and 77 weight%. The rock is fairly high in Rb and rather low in Ta, Nb, Sr and Ti. REE patterns are weakly differentiated with moderate negative Eu-anomalies. Chemically, the Sorvik granite is more similar to rapakivi granite than to the neighbouring Revsund granite. epsilon(Nd) at the time of intrusion varies between -1.5 and -0.9. Zr-thermometry gives a minimum temperature around 800 degrees C for the magma generation. The source rock is modelled as a granodioritic rock. Anhydrous melting due to biotite breakdown supplies insufficient amounts of water to meet a reasonable rheologically critical melt percentage. If the temperature estimate is correct, either low degrees of granitic melt might segregate from its place of origin, or some water was added during melting. A local, probably late-magmatic F-metasomatism has caused a Nb-Ta-U-Th anomaly resulting in specific Nb minerals.
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| 17. |
- Lindh, Jonatan D, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and predictors of severe bleeding during warfarin treatment
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-5305 .- 1573-742X. ; 25:2, s. 151-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Optimal warfarin prescription requires correct, individualized assessment of the warfarin-related bleeding risk, which randomised controlled trials may underestimate . Observational studies have reported a range of bleeding risks that differ 40-fold. This variation may be caused by time trends, variation in bleeding definition and study subject selection. We investigated the incidence of, and risk factors for severe bleeding in un-selected warfarin-treated patients from Sweden. Methods Between 2001 and 2005, 40 centres recruited warfarin-naive patients commencing warfarin therapy and followed them prospectively with continuous registration of clinical data. The primary outcome was severe bleeding, according to the WHO universal definition of severe adverse drug reactions. The influence of potential risk factors was investigated by means of a Cox proportional-hazards model. Result A total of 1523 patients contributed 1276 warfarin-exposed patient-years. The incidence of first-time severe bleeding was 2.3 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.1). Male sex and use of drugs potentially interacting with warfarin were the only independent risk factors of severe bleeding, with hazard ratios of 2.8 and 2.3, respectively. Age, target International Normalized Ratio (INR), time spent outside target INR range, and warfarin dose requirement were not significantly associated with bleeding risk. Conclusions The risk of severe bleeding in a large naturalistic, prospective cohort of first-time warfarin users was lower than reported in some previous reports. Male gender was an independent predictor of severe bleeding as was the receipt of warfarin-interacting medications at the onset of anticoagulation therapy. Further studies are required to evaluate the effect these findings may have on the quality of current risk-benefit analysis involved in warfarin prescription.
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| 18. |
- Lindh, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient palladium(II) catalysis under air. Base-free oxidative heck reactions at room temperature or with microwave heating
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 72:21, s. 7957-7962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope and limitations of the base-free oxidative Heck reaction with arylboronic acids have been explored. Under our conditions, the dmphen−palladium(II)-catalyzed arylation proceeded with air or p-benzoquinone as reoxidants of palladium(0). We found that ambient temperature and mild aerobic conditions allow for the use of substrates sensitive to palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidation. Oxidative Heck couplings, employing different arylboronic acids, were smoothly and regioselectively conducted with both electron-rich and electron-poor olefins, providing high yields even with disubstituted butyl methacrylate, sensitive acrolein, and a vinylboronate ester. Controlled microwave processing was used to reduce reaction times from hours to minutes both in small scale and in 50 mmol scale batch processes.
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| 19. |
- Lindh, Jonas, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Robustness of Long Time Measures of Fundamental Frequency
- 2007
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Ingår i: In Proceedings of Interspeech 2007, Antwerp, Belgium.. ; , s. 2025-2028
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many speech technology based applications as well as in forensic phonetics it is desirable to obtain reliable estimates of a speaker’s fundamental frequency. We would like the measures to be accurate and reliable enough in order to be used meaningfully as a parameter in speaker identification or verification. Under optimal conditions such as when high quality studio recordings and normal speech styles are used this is often possible. In real life applications such conditions are the exception rather than the rule. The study presented here reports the result from an investigation where different measures were tested on speech material that varied with respect to speaking style, vocal effort and recording quality. Based on the results from these tests we would like to suggest a measure we call the alternative fundamental frequency baseline as the measure that is most robust with respect to the above-mentioned sources of variation. Index Terms: speaker recognition, speaker identification, fundamental frequency, F0.
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| 20. |
- Lindh, Jonas, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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The SweDat Project and Swedia Database for Phonetic and Acoustic Research
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceeding E-SCIENCE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth IEEE International Conference on e-Science. ; , s. 45-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project described here may be seen as a continuation of an earlier project, SweDia 2000, aimed at transforming the database collected in that project to a full-fledged e-science database. The database consists of recordings of Swedish dialects from 107 locations in Sweden and Swedish speaking parts of Finland. The goal of the present project is to make the material searchable in a flexible and simple way to make it available to a much wider sector of the research community than is the case at present. The database will be accessible over the Internet via user-friendly interfaces specifically designed for this type of data. Other more specialized research interfaces will also be designed to facilitate phonetic acoustic research and orientation of the database.
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| 21. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Response prediction and treatment tailoring for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Clin Microbiol. - 0095-1137. ; 45:8, s. 2439-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We monitored early viral response during the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with the aim of identifying predictors of treatment outcome. We studied 53 patients with genotype 1 infection who received 180 microg/week pegylated interferon alfa-2a and 1,000 or 1,200 mg/day ribavirin depending on body weight and serially assessed HCV RNA in serum, using the Cobas TaqMan assay. Thirty-one patients (58%) achieved sustained viral response (SVR). SVR was obtained in 100% (10/10) of patients with pretreatment viremia concentrations below 400,000 IU/ml, in 100% (14/14) of patients with more than 1.5 log reduction of HCV RNA after 4 days of treatment, and in 95% (22/23) of patients with a rate of decline in viremia higher than 0.70 log units/week during the second phase. Non-SVR was seen in all patients with a second-phase decline rate lower than 0.35 log units/week. Patients with slopes between 0.50 and 0.80 log units/week achieved SVR (4/4) unless the treatment dose was modified (3/3). We conclude that the second-phase slope appears to be an accurate and useful predictor of treatment response. On the basis of these findings, we propose a model of tailored treatment which takes into account the second-phase slope and the amount of HCV RNA after 21 days of treatment.
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| 22. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection : an update of Swedish recommendations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 40:6-7, s. 436-450
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main goal for treatment of chronic hepatitis B is to prevent complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge from population studies of the long-term risk of chronic HBV infection, as well as the recent introduction of pegylated interferon and additional nucleoside analogues has changed the therapeutic situation. Recently, a Swedish expert panel convened to update the national recommendations for treatment. The panel recommends treatment for patients with active HBV infection causing protracted liver inflammation or significant liver fibrosis, verified by liver histology. In general, pegylated interferon alpha-2a is recommended as first-line treatment, in particular for HBeAg-positive patients with HBV genotypes A or B. Among nucleoside analogues, entecavir is the first choice and adefovir or tenofovir can be used as alternatives. Lamivudine monotherapy is not recommended due to the high risk of resistance development. Combinations of nucleoside analogues such as tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine are alternatives for patients with non-response or infection with resistant variants, or as first choice for patients with advanced liver disease. Nucleoside analogue treatment should be monitored to detect primary non-response and virological breakthrough. Special recommendations are given for HBV/HIV coinfected patients, immunosuppressed patients, children, and for treatment before and after liver transplantation. The present guideline is translated from Swedish, where it is published on the MPA and RAV websites (www.mpa.se and www.rav.nu.se) including 7 separate papers based on thorough literature search. The complete reference list can be received from the Medical Products Agency upon request.
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| 23. |
- Nahum, Ruth-Aïda, 1975-
(författare)
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Studies on the Determinants and Effects of Health, Inequality and Labour Supply: Micro and Macro Evidence
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of an introduction and four self-contained essays.Essay I (with Susanne Dahlberg) estimates cohort size effects on earnings profiles and further assesses whether these profiles are affected by the individuals' position in the baby boom. Using a rich individual based panel data set, we follow the Swedish baby boomers of the 1940's and the following baby bust of the 1950's from 1968 to 1999. We find significant cohort effects on the earnings profile which are fairly consistent across gender but not across education levels. Large cohorts have a higher overall earnings level than small cohorts. Cohorts born in an upswing of a boom have a higher earnings level than cohorts born in a downswing. The effects on return to experience vary across education and experience levels.Essay II explores the relationship between income inequality and growth using panel data on Swedish counties from 1960-2000. Compared to standard methods of estimating this relationship, yearly regional level data are used, and inequality is al-lowed to be endogenous. We find a significant positive impact of inequality on growth, but the magnitude of the effect decreases with the length of the growth period studied. When allowing income inequality to be endogenous, using panel 2SLS IV estimation techniques, we find a positive effect of inequality on 1 to 5-year growth rates, when significant, whereas the effect on 10-year growth rates is not clear cut. Essay III examines labour supply responses to spousal sickness absence (SSA) using a Swedish longitudinal panel data, from 1996-2002. The overall results clearly indicate a decrease in labour supply in response to spousal sickness absence. The effect on labour supply increases with spousal earnings level. Women react stronger than men, and more often respond to current shorter term SSA, whereas men mostly react to longer term SSA. Essay IV contributes to the literature on income and health by providing a detailed investigation of the family income/child health relationship using matched parent – child survey data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (ULF). This study focuses on both physical as well as on the psychosocial health of the child. Furthermore, the effects of both parental socioeconomic background as well as the liquidity constraint problems the household faces are explored. We find little evidence of an income gradient or effect on children’s physical and psychosocial health. However, our study suggests that the occurrence of liquidity constraints in the household in-creases the likelihood of the child having a lower psychosocial health status.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Plasschaert, Alphons J, et al.
(författare)
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Curriculum structure and the European Credit Transfer System for European dental schools : part I
- 2006
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Ingår i: European journal of dental education. - : Wiley. - 1396-5883 .- 1600-0579. ; 10:3, s. 123-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, College of Dental Sciences, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.plasschaert@dent.umcn.nl This paper presents a proposed curriculum structure and system of European Credit Transfer (ECTS) for undergraduate dental schools throughout Europe. It is the result of the work of a Taskforce ('Taskforce II'), appointed by DentEd, a thematic network of European dental schools and the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE). There has been pan-European discussion of the document in draft stages (it was distributed to 200 dental schools) and following amendment, it was agreed formally at the National Assembly of ADEE in Athens, Greece, in September 2005. The main elements of the paper relate to: (i) a description of the framework proposed with relevance to the Bologna recommendations and common directive on recognition for professional qualifications as they apply to Dentistry; (ii) the structure of an undergraduate dental curriculum; (iii) student exchange and ECTS. In addition, the paper presents a series of requirements, guidelines and recommendations for action. ADEE expects that the 'requirements' proposed will be followed by dental schools in Europe, whilst the 'guidelines' and 'recommendations' also provided are open to local interpretation. The paper is also published on the ADEE website.
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| 26. |
- Takeuchi, Fumihiko, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association study confirms VKORC1, CYP2C9, and CYP4F2 as principal genetic determinants of warfarin dose
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 5:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) whose sample size (1,053 Swedish subjects) is sufficiently powered to detect genome-wide significance (p<1.5×10−7) for polymorphisms that modestly alter therapeutic warfarin dose. The anticoagulant drug warfarin is widely prescribed for reducing the risk of stroke, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and coronary malfunction. However, Caucasians vary widely (20-fold) in the dose needed for therapeutic anticoagulation, and hence prescribed doses may be too low (risking serious illness) or too high (risking severe bleeding). Prior work established that ~30% of the dose variance is explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the warfarin drug target VKORC1 and another ~12% by two non-synonymous SNPs (*2, *3) in the cytochrome P450 warfarin-metabolizing gene CYP2C9. We initially tested each of 325,997 GWAS SNPs for association with warfarin dose by univariate regression and found the strongest statistical signals (p<10−78) at SNPs clustering near VKORC1 and the second lowest p-values (p<10−31) emanating from CYP2C9. No other SNPs approached genome-wide significance. To enhance detection of weaker effects, we conducted multiple regression adjusting for known influences on warfarin dose (VKORC1, CYP2C9, age, gender) and identified a single SNP (rs2108622) with genome-wide significance (p = 8.3×10−10) that alters protein coding of the CYP4F2 gene. We confirmed this result in 588 additional Swedish patients (p<0.0029) and, during our investigation, a second group provided independent confirmation from a scan of warfarin-metabolizing genes. We also thoroughly investigated copy number variations, haplotypes, and imputed SNPs, but found no additional highly significant warfarin associations. We present power analysis of our GWAS that is generalizable to other studies, and conclude we had 80% power to detect genome-wide significance for common causative variants or markers explaining at least 1.5% of dose variance. These GWAS results provide further impetus for conducting large-scale trials assessing patient benefit from genotype-based forecasting of warfarin dose.Author SummaryRecently, geneticists have begun assaying hundreds of thousands of genetic markers covering the entire human genome to systematically search for and identify genes that cause disease. We have extended this “genome-wide association study” (GWAS) method by assaying ~326,000 markers in 1,053 Swedish patients in order to identify genes that alter response to the anticoagulant drug warfarin. Warfarin is widely prescribed to reduce blood clotting in order to protect high-risk patients from stroke, thrombosis, and heart attack. But patients vary widely (20-fold) in the warfarin dose needed for proper blood thinning, which means that initial doses in some patients are too high (risking severe bleeding) or too low (risking serious illness). Our GWAS detected two genes (VKORC1, CYP2C9) already known to cause ~40% of the variability in warfarin dose and discovered a new gene (CYP4F2) contributing 1%–2% of the variability. Since our GWAS searched the entire genome, additional genes having a major influence on warfarin dose might not exist or be found in the near-term. Hence, clinical trials assessing patient benefit from individualized dose forecasting based on a patient's genetic makeup at VKORC1, CYP2C9 and possibly CYP4F2 could provide state-of-the-art clinical benchmarks for warfarin use during the foreseeable future.
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| 27. |
- Wadelius, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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The largest prospective warfarin-treated cohort supports genetic forecasting
- 2009
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 0006-4971 .- 1528-0020. ; 113:4, s. 784-792
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1) are known to influence warfarin dose, but the effect of other genes has not been fully elucidated. We genotyped 183 polymorphisms in 29 candidate genes in 1496 Swedish patients starting warfarin treatment, and tested for association with response. CYP2C9*2 and *3 explained 12% (P = 6.63 x 10(-34)) of the variation in warfarin dose, while a single VKORC1 SNP explained 30% (P = 9.82 x 10(-100)). No SNP outside the CYP2C gene cluster and VKORC1 regions was significantly associated with dose after correction for multiple testing. During initiation of therapy, homozygosity for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 variant alleles increased the risk of over-anticoagulation, hazard ratios 21.84 (95% CI 9.46; 50.42) and 4.56 (95% CI 2.85; 7.30), respectively. One of 8 patients with CYP2C9*3/*3 (12.5%) experienced severe bleeding during the first month compared with 0.27% of other patients (P = .066). A multiple regression model using the predictors CYP2C9, VKORC1, age, sex, and druginteractions explained 59% of the variance in warfarin dose, and 53% in an independent sample of 181 Swedish individuals. In conclusion, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 significantly influenced warfarin dose and predicted individuals predisposed to unstable anticoagulation. Our results strongly support that initiation of warfarin guided by pharmacogenetics would improve clinical outcome.
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| 28. |
- Yaqob, Amer, et al.
(författare)
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Metal-specific lymphocyte reactivity is downregulated after dental metal replacement
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuro - endocrinology letters. - 0172-780X. ; 27:1-2, s. 189-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study was done to evaluate the results and clinical relevance of an optimized lymphocyte proliferation test, MELISA, for metal-induced inflammation in patients with CFS-like symptoms. The treatment of patients consisted of the replacement of incompatible dental materials (RID) together with supportive anti-oxidant therapy. DESIGN OF THE STUDY: 513 patients were tested by MELISA at the beginning of the study. Out of this group, 248 patients were available for follow-up MELISA after RID. METHODS: In MELISA, lymphocytes are isolated from the blood and cultivated with different metal salts in tissue culture medium containing 10% inactivated human AB+ serum or autologous serum. After 5 days, the presence of metal-reactive lymphocytes are measured by isotope labelling of newly formed DNA in growing lymphoblasts and evaluated by calculating the Stimulation Index. RESULTS: Nickel was the most common sensitizer, followed by inorganic mercury, thimerosal, lead, cadmium, palladium and gold. After RID treatment, a decrease of metal-specific lymphocyte responses in patients who reacted to metals at the beginning of the study could be observed. The cultivation of lymphocytes in autologous and homologous serum did not significantly affect the results. Simultaneous, the health status of patients improved as well. CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of incompatible dental materials resulted in down-regulation of metal-induced lymphocyte sensitivity in vitro, as well as in the improvement of health status of majority of patients with unspecific CFS-like symptoms.
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