| 1. |
- Batra, Gorav, et al.
(författare)
-
Atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery is associated with adverse outcome
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; :1, s. 70-77
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS: All patients undergoing CABG between January 2010 and June 2013 were identified in the Swedish Heart Surgery Registry. Outcomes studied were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and recurrent AF. Patients with history of AF prior to surgery (preoperative AF) and patients without history of AF but with AF episodes post-surgery (postoperative AF) were compared to patients with no AF using adjusted Cox regression models.RESULTS: Among 9,107 identified patients, 8.1% (n = 737) had preoperative AF, and 25.1% (n = 2,290) had postoperative AF. Median follow-up was 2.2 years. Compared to no AF, preoperative AF was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, adjusted hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval (HR) 1.76 (1.33-2.33); cardiovascular mortality, HR 2.43 (1.68-3.50); and congestive heart failure, HR 2.21 (1.72-2.84). Postoperative AF was associated with risk of all-cause mortality, HR 1.27 (1.01-1.60); cardiovascular mortality, HR 1.52 (1.10-2.11); congestive heart failure, HR 1.47 (1.18-1.83); and recurrent AF, HR 4.38 (2.46-7.78). No significant association was observed between pre- or postoperative AF and risk for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 3 patients undergoing CABG had pre- or postoperative AF. Patients with pre- or postoperative AF were at higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and congestive heart failure, but not of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Postoperative AF was associated with higher risk of recurrent AF.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brännström, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
Ca2+ enhances Aβ polymerization rate and fibrillar stability in a dynamic manner
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - : Portland Press. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 450, s. 189-197
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying factors that affect the self-assembly of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is of utmost importance in the quest to understand the molecular mechanisms causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ca2+ has previously been shown to accelerate both Aβ fibril nucleation and maturation, and a dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis frequently correlates with development of AD. The mechanisms regarding Ca2+ binding as well as its effect on fibril kinetics are not fully understood. Using a polymerization assay we show that Ca2+ in a dynamic and reversible manner enhances both the elongation rate and fibrillar stability, where specifically the "dock and lock" phase mechanism is enhanced. Through NMR analysis we found that Ca2+ affects the fibrillar architecture. In addition, and unexpectedly, we found that Ca2+ does not bind the free Aβ monomer. This implies that Ca2+ binding requires an architecture adopted by assembled peptides, and consequently is mediated through intermolecular interactions between adjacent peptides. This gives a mechanistic explanation to the enhancing effect on fibril maturation and indicates structural similarities between prefibrillar structures and mature amyloid. Taken together we expose how Ca2+ levels affect the delicate equilibrium between the monomeric and assembled Aβ and how fluctuations in vivo may contribute to development and progression of the disease.
|
|
| 3. |
- Christersson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of warfarin versus antiplatelet therapy after surgical bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 106:11, s. 838-844
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare effectiveness of warfarin and antiplatelet exposure regarding both thrombotic and bleeding events, following surgical aortic valve replacement with a biological prosthesis(bioSAVR).METHODS: The study included all patients in Sweden undergoing a bioSAVR during 2008-2014 who were alive at discharge from the index hospital stay. Exposure was analysed and defined as postdischarge dispension of any antithrombotic pharmaceutical, updated at each following dispensions and categorised as single antiplatelet (SAPT), warfarin, warfarin combined with SAPT, dual antiplatelet (DAPT) or no antithrombotic treatment. Exposure to SAPT was used as comparator. Outcome events were all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, any thromboembolism and major bleedings. We continuously updated adjustments for comorbidities with any indication for antithrombotic treatment by Cox regression analysis.RESULTS: We identified 9539 patients with bioSAVR (36.8% women) at median age of 73 years with a mean follow-up of 3.13 years. As compared with SAPT, warfarin alone was associated with a lower incidence of ischaemic stroke (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.70) and any thromboembolism (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94) but with no difference in mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13). The incidence of haemorrhagic stroke (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.51) and major bleeding (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.15) was higher during warfarin exposure. As compared with SAPT, DAPT was not associated with any difference in ischaemic stroke or any thromboembolism. Risk-benefit analyses demonstrated that 2.7 (95% CI 1.0 to 11.9) of the ischaemic stroke cases could potentially be avoided per every haemorrhagic stroke caused by warfarin exposure instead of SAPT during the first year.CONCLUSION: In patients discharged after bioSAVR, warfarin exposure as compared with SAPT exposure was associated with lower long-term risk of ischaemic stroke and thromboembolic events, and with a higher incidence of bleeding events but with similar mortality.
|
|
| 4. |
- Olofsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Amide solvent protection analysis demonstrates that amyloid-beta(1-40) and amyloid-beta(1-42) form different fibrillar structures under identical conditions.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Biochem J. - 1470-8728. ; 404:1, s. 63-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by self-assembly and amyloid formation of the 39–43 residue long Ab (amyloid-b)-peptide. The most abundant species, Ab(1–40) and Ab(1–42), are both present within senile plaques, but Ab(1–42) peptides are considerably more prone to self-aggregation and are also essential for the development of AD. To understand the molecular and pathological mechanisms behind AD, a detailed knowledge of the amyloid structures of Ab-peptides is vital. In the present study we have used quenched hydrogen/deuterium-exchange NMR experiments to probe the structure of Ab(1–40) fibrils. The fibrils were prepared and analysed identically as in our previous study on Ab(1–42) fibrils, allowing a direct comparison of the two fibrillar structures. The solvent protection pattern of Ab(1–40) fibrils revealed two well-protected regions, consistent with a structural arrangement of two b-strands connected with a bend. This protection pattern partly resembles the pattern found in Ab(1–42) fibrils, but the Ab(1–40) fibrils display a significantly increased protection for the N-terminal residues Phe4–His14, suggesting that additional secondary structure is formed in this region. In contrast, the C-terminal residues Gly37–Val40 show a reduced protection that suggests a loss of secondary structure in this region and an altered filament assembly. The differences between the present study and other similar investigations suggest that subtle variations in fibril-preparation conditions may significantly affect the fibrillar architecture.
|
|
| 5. |
- Olofsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Quenched hydrogen/deuterium exchange NMR characterization of amyloid-β peptide aggregates formed in the presence of Cu2+ or Zn2
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Wiley InterScience. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 276:15, s. 4051-4060
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder causing synaptic impairment and neuronal cell death, is strongly correlated with aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Divalent metal ions such as Cu2+ and Zn2+ are known to significantly affect the rate of aggregation and morphology of Aβ assemblies in vitro and are also found at elevated levels within cerebral plaques in vivo. The present investigation characterized the architecture of the aggregated forms of Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) in the presence or absence of either Cu2+ or Zn2+ using quenched hydrogen/deuterium exchange combined with solution NMR spectroscopy. The NMR analyses provide a quantitative and residue-specific structural characterization of metal-induced Aβ aggregates, showing that both the peptide sequence and the type of metal ion exert an impact on the final architecture. Common features among the metal-complexed peptide aggregates are two solvent-protected regions with an intervening minimum centered at Asn27, and a solvent-accessible N-terminal region, Asp1–Lys16. Our results suggest that Aβ in complex with either Cu2+ or Zn2+ can attain an aggregation-prone β-strand–turn–β-strand motif, similar to the motif found in fibrils, but where the metal binding to the N-terminal region guides the peptide into an assembly distinctly different from the fibril form.
|
|
| 6. |
- Roos, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Using von Thünen rings and service-dominant logic in balancing forest ecosystem services
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 79, s. 622-632
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The allocation of forest land to different uses for ecosystem services (ES) is a complex task which is increasingly influenced by current urbanisation trends and the growth of the service-oriented economy. With the focus on cultural ES, this paper examines the principles that are intended to ensure the best cultural ES value in forest land use allocation. The analysis considers the co-creation process of cultural ES value and the trade-off between cultural and other categories of ES in an urban rural context. A literature review of applied studies on forest land use allocation and ES is presented and research gaps are identified. Based on the findings of the review, two theoretical frameworks for an improved analysis of cultural ES value and land use allocation are suggested: the von Thiinen location theory and service-dominant logic (SDL). Von Thiinen showed that optimal land use is determined by the land rents for different alternative uses, which vary depending on distance from population centres. SDL, a theory from the field of marketing research, focuses on the role of skills and services in addition to the traditional goods-related attributes for the creation of customer value. This paper argues that a combination of the two frameworks can inspire future research and policymaking concerning forest land use allocation. The von Thiinen framework highlights the role of local forest landscapes in proximity to population centres for creating cultural ES value. The SDL theory emphasises the co-creation of forest based cultural ES value that involves the forest ecosystem; beneficiaries of cultural ES value; and actors, who also are resource integrators (e.g. forest owners, planners, associations and other actors). Examples of applications of the two frameworks are given and both practical implications and limitations are discussed.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att mäta friluftsliv
- 2014. - 1
-
Ingår i: Friluftsliv i Förändring. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173316323 ; , s. 102-118
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Managers' experiences of visitor monitoring in Swedish outdoor recreational areas
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism Research Planning and Management. - : Elsevier. - 2213-0780 .- 2213-0799. ; 14, s. 35-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systematically collected information on outdoor recreation participation, motives and behaviors can improve recreation opportunities and reduce the risk of user conflicts. There are many uses of this type of information for managers of recreational areas including analyses of environmental, social and economic impacts, development of infrastructure, and marketing to appropriate audiences. One key component in building this knowledge is the application of visitor monitoring. This study takes an exploratory approach by analyzing managers' experiences on different on-site monitoring methods at 12 recreational areas in Sweden. Results show that knowledge of these methods and their use are strongly linked to individual managers' skills and competence. Contemporary changes in recreation behavior calls for more innovative monitoring approaches, but managers included in this study primarily work with rather traditional methods, which is likely representative of the overall situation in Sweden. Networking, educational programs and closer collaborations with universities could facilitate some of the challenges identified.Management implications● The study showed the relevance of improved visitor monitoring practices, and tailor-made monitoring guidelines, based on actual use and experience-based data.● Adequate visitor monitoring practices:- help to better incorporate recreation activities and values in natural resource management decisions,● increase the awareness of possible conflicts between recreational and other resource users,● show the possible need for increased management capacity, additional training or new ways of visitor management and provide a better foundation for decision making.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Bergqvist, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
-
Late symptoms after pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis
- 1990
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1365-215X .- 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 97:4, s. 338-341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thromboembolism during pregnancy is a rare complication with a potential fatal outcome. Very little is known about long-term effects and therefore 104 women with thrombosis during pregnancy or puerperium were identified and their subjective complaints were assessed in a questionnaire. All had their thrombosis diagnosed by objective methods and the median follow-up time was 11 years. In spite of anticoagulant treatment only 22% were without complaints; 4% had ulceration, all occurring in the group with thrombosis during pregnancy. Significantly more women who had had their thrombosis during pregnancy used compression bandages than those who had their thrombosis during puerperium. The severity of the symptoms increased with the increasing number of thromboses. Anticoagulant therapy of the acute episode does not appear to alter the degree of long-term handicap in the lower limbs.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Boman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Tätortsnära friluftsliv
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Friluftsliv i förändring. Resultat från ett forskningsprogram. Slutrapport.. - : Naturvårdsverket. - 9789162065478
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 14. |
- Boman, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Tätortsnära friluftsliv
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Friluftsliv i förändring. Studier från svenska upplevelselandskap. - Stockholm : Carlsson Bokförlag. - 9789173316323 ; , s. 137-151
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Brännström, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
-
A Generic Method for Design of Oligomer-Specific Antibodies
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:3, s. e90857-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies that preferentially and specifically target pathological oligomeric protein and peptide assemblies, as opposed to their monomeric and amyloid counterparts, provide therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for protein misfolding diseases. Unfortunately, the molecular properties associated with oligomer-specific antibodies are not well understood, and this limits targeted design and development. We present here a generic method that enables the design and optimisation of oligomer-specific antibodies. The method takes a two-step approach where discrimination between oligomers and fibrils is first accomplished through identification of cryptic epitopes exclusively buried within the structure of the fibrillar form. The second step discriminates between monomers and oligomers based on differences in avidity. We show here that a simple divalent mode of interaction, as within e. g. the IgG isotype, can increase the binding strength of the antibody up to 1500 times compared to its monovalent counterpart. We expose how the ability to bind oligomers is affected by the monovalent affinity and the turnover rate of the binding and, importantly, also how oligomer specificity is only valid within a specific concentration range. We provide an example of the method by creating and characterising a spectrum of different monoclonal antibodies against both the A beta peptide and alpha-synuclein that are associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, respectively. The approach is however generic, does not require identification of oligomer-specific architectures, and is, in essence, applicable to all polypeptides that form oligomeric and fibrillar assemblies.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Eggers, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing landscape-level forest management between recreation and wood production
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 33, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although many forested landscapes are used for both wood production and outdoor recreation, intensive forest management can negatively impact the recreational value of forests, including in Sweden, a country with rich forest resources and a strong forest industry. In Sweden, urbanization has increased the importance of, and demand for, urban and peri-urban recreational green areas such as forests. It is the responsibility of the local government - i.e., the municipalities - to provide a good living environment for its inhabitants, including recreational areas. However, most of the forest areas in Sweden are owned by private individuals and companies, which have a large degree of freedom in their forest management decisions. Municipalities can make formal agreements with forest owners to protect forests with high recreational values, but this requires financial resources, which are often scarce. Thus, tools are needed to identify the forest areas that should be prioritized for the use of forest management strategies that maintain or increase the recreational value of forests. In this study, we elaborate an approach that balances economic and recreational forest values within a forest decision support system (DSS) and test the approach for a case study area in southern Sweden. The recreation model included in the forest DSS links locational aspects, such as population density and proximity to water, with forest structure aspects, which are simulated over time under different management strategies. Our results suggest that the model could be useful for more efficient planning of the recreational potential of forests at the landscape level. The results from the case study indicate that substantial increases in the recreational value of a forest landscape can be achieved with relatively small overall economic losses, for example, by extending rotation periods in forests close to densely populated areas.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Eriksson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
-
Skog på jordbruksmark – erfarenheter från de senaste decennierna
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under senare delen av 1900-talet har stora arealer jordbruksmark tagits ur drift. En första större nedläggning, delvis följd av granplantering skedde under senare delen av 1960-talet. Under en andra period i decennieskiftet mellan 1980- och 90-talen utgick bidrag för att mark togs ur jordbruksdrift kombinerat med bidrag för plantering av lövträd. Den gran från 1960-talet som överlevt etableringen blev högproducerande och har gallrats och delvis slutavverkats. Historiskt såväl som för framtiden sker stora förändringar i Europas jordbrukspolitik. Nu är det möjligt att få gårdsstöd också för odling av energigrödor, till vilka räknas Salix, hybridasp och poppel förutsatt att avverkning sker inom 20 år. Gårdsstödet uppgår till 1 200-2 800 SEK/ha och år beroende på läge i landet. Stängsling kan också stödjas till en kostnad av 12 000 SEK/ha. Jordbruksstödet, vilket år 2007 utgjorde 50 % av EU:s budget, förväntas hamna på 40 % år 2013 och kanske ännu lägre i nya planen för 2014-2020. Det här redovisade projektet har som övergripande syfte att samla kunskap från redan genomförd skogsodling på svensk jordbruksmark och förmedla den till dem som avser att beskoga den bästa skogsodlingsmarken, den som blir över när jordbruket minskar sin areal. Den samlade arealen som blir tillgänglig för beskogning under en 30-årsperiod har av Jordbruksverket, Skogsstyrelsen och SLU gemensamt uppskattats till 400 000 ha. Arealerna är ofta fragmenterade vilket påkallar småskaliga lösningar. Kapitel 2 ”Åtgärder vid anläggning och skötsel” syftar till att beskriva åtgärder för bestånd på jordbruksmark, såsom de presenterats i inhemsk och övrig europeisk litteratur. Här behandlas åtgärderna var för sig, medan åtgärder sammankopplade till skötselsystem för omloppstider, tas upp i kapitel 8, ”Analyser av alternativ för beskogning av jordbruksmark”. Litteraturuppgifterna ställs mot utvärderingar av planteringar från Omställning-90, samt mot iakttagelser från exkursioner till bestånd från samma tid. Trädslagens ståndortskrav har uppmärksammats, speciellt där man i praktiken inte tillräckligt beaktat dessa krav. Andra exempel på brister vid Omställning-90 är försummad markbehandlig, ogräsbekämpning samt skydd mot vilt. Brist på litteratur som direkt berör beskogning av jordbruksmark har kompenserats med material omfattande hög bonitet på vanlig skogsmark. För flera av de exotiska trädslagen saknas det ofta inhemska erfarenheter och produktionssiffror. I kapitel 3, ”Plantmaterial, överlevnad och produktion i studerade planteringar” redovisas resultat från planteringar på 131 lokaler belägna framför allt i södra och mellersta Sverige. Dessa har inventerats under åren 2006-2009. Arter som studerats är: glasbjörk (Betula pubescens Ehrh.), vårtbjörk (Betula pendula Roth), gråal (Alnus incana (L.) Moench.), klibbal (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner), fågelbär (Prunus avium L.), hybridasp (Populus tremuloides Michx. x Populus tremula L.), hybridpoppel (Populus sp.), hybridlärk (Larix x eurolepis A. Henry) och gran (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Även ett fåtal planteringar med lind (Tilia sp.) och tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) har inventerats. Resultat, från tidigare inventeringar av 157 granplanteringar, har tillförts studien. Spontan inväxt av lövträd (asp, björk och sälg) på nedlagd jordbruksmark har studerats i 7 bestånd. Många planteringar har uppvisat hög tillväxt samt är oskadade och välslutna. Överlevnaden har efter fem år varit mellan 70 och 90 % för björk- och alarterna samt granen. Hänsyn har dock inte kunnat tas till planteringar som helt gått ut och som därmed inte kommit med i studien. Hybridlärken har låg överlevnad, 20 %, huvudsakligen beroende på viltbetning. Volymtillväxten varierar starkt mellan olika arter. De mest högproducerande är hybridasp och poppel, 13-19 m3sk per år och ha samt gran, 13 m3sk per år och ha, medan övriga arter producerar mellan 3 och 7 m3sk per år och ha. Plantering av gran på jordbruksmark är idag en väl fungerande metod där det finns lämpliga provenienser samt utarbetade markbehandlings- och planteringsmetoder. Kapitel 4 ”Virkeskvalitet i studerade planteringar” tar upp ämnet kvalitets-påverkande faktorer. Sådana faktorer har utvärderats hos provträd i planteringar anlagda på tidigare jordbruksmark. Studien omfattar 10 trädslag (poppel, hybridasp, vårt- och glasbjörk, klibbal, lind, fågelbär, hybridlärk, gran och tall). Totalt ingår 141 planteringar i detta material. En majoritet av planteringarna är 20 år eller yngre. Brösthöjdsdiametern hos inmätta provträd varierar från 3 till knappt 50 cm beroende på trädslag, ålder och lokal. Objektens nuvarande status med avseende på stamskador (stambrott, flerstammighet och viltskador) och övriga virkeskvalitetsfel (stam- och rotkrok, sprötkvist, klyka och grengrovlek) har registrerats. Den totala andelen provträd med någon typ av stamskada och/eller kvalitetsfel var högre än 50 % för alla trädslag utom gran. Högst andel provträd med stamskador hade lind, följt av hybridasp, klibbal och poppel. Bland övriga trädslag hade mindre än 15 % av provträden någon typ av stamskada. Flerstammighet var den dominerande stamskadan hos lind och klibbal. Viltskador i form av älgbetning och fejning registrerades för alla trädslag utom fågelbär, gran och tall. Hybridaspen hade högst frekvens provträd med viltskador. Lind hade även högst andel kvalitetsfel. Bland alla trädslag utom hybridasp och gran hade mer än hälften av provträden ett eller flera kvalitetsfel. Slängkrok var den vanligaste typen av kvalitetsfel hos glasbjörk, klibbal, tall, fågelbär, hybridlärk och gran. Sprötkvist förekom i högst andel hos lind följt av glasbjörk. Klykor förekom endast hos en liten andel av provträden hos alla trädslag utom glasbjörk. Bland dessa registrerades klyka hos knappt vart tredje provträd. Variationen mellan planteringar med samma trädslag är dock stor, både vad gäller förekomst av olika typer av stamskador och kvalitetsfel. De varierande resultaten, både inom och mellan trädslag, pekar på att det finns potential att skapa god virkeskvalitet för flera olika trädslag på bördig mark i Sverige. Kunskap och engagemang, rätt plantmaterial, anpassad skötsel och inte minst väl underhållet viltskydd möjliggör produktion av olika sortiment. De inventerade planteringarna är idag dock relativt unga och uppföljande studier av skadebild och virkesegenskaper bör därför göras när stammarna nått gagnvirkesdimension. Kapitel 5 har titeln ”Teknik och ekonomi vid beskogning av jordbruksmark”. Tekniskt sett erbjuder tidigare jordbruksmark, som vanligen ligger på plana sediment, speciella möjligheter för avancerade system som inte alltid är tillämpbara på exempelvis normal sandig-moig morän. Planteringsplogen sänker anläggningskostnaden påtagligt, kostnaden för stängsling blir likaså lägre på jordbruksmark. Biomassaskörd av såväl hela stående träd som avverkningsrester och stubbar kan ofta drivas med god marknadsavsättning, med begränsade negativa tillväxteffekter samt mer rationellt jämfört med normal skogsmark. Drivarens ekonomiska fördelar ser ut att ofta komma till sin rätt på beskogad jordbruksmark. I framtiden kan man väl tänka sig att en mer utvecklad teknik och metodik för exempelvis stamkvistning samt produktionsoptimering och automation kommer att tillämpas långt tidigare än på den kuperade och mindre homogena normala skogsmarken. Ekonomin är viktig vid beskogning av jordbruksmark, inte minst på grund av de höga anläggningskostnaderna. Skogsbrukets speciella betingelser som beskattningen (reglerna för skogsdrift avviker i vissa avseenden starkt från annan beskattning), den långa tidshorisonten och produkternas mångsidiga användning måste beaktas vid analys av ekonomin när ny skog anläggs. Skogsägarens egen finansiella situation är avgörande för det kapital-avkastningskrav, som bör ställas på en investering i beståndsanläggning. Markvärde och årlig markersättning (vid jämförelse med jordbruksgröda) som beslutskriterier ger möjlighet att ställa utfallet från en specifik anläggning mot andra placeringsalternativ. Möjligheten till bioenergiuttag har förbättrat lönsamheten generellt och bidrar till att finansiera den intensiva skötseln av till exempel ädellövskog. Det vanligaste alternativet på lämnad jordbruksmark, att inget göra, ger både utmaningar inför en kostsam nyanläggning och möjligheter genom att befintlig naturlig föryngring både kan utgöra produktionsalternativ och skydd åt ett nytt underbestånd. ”Markägarnas attityder till beskogning av jordbruksmark”, som beskrivs i kapitel 6, har undersökts via litteraturstudier, intervjuer och diskussioner med forskare och handläggare samt 15 djupintervjuer med markägare. Planteringarna i samband med Omställning-90 blev ofta eftersatta, inte sällan beroende på att de initierades av finansiellt stöd snarare än av företagarintresse. Vid EU-inträdet 1995 återinfördes ett jordbruksstöd och mycket av den omställda marken återgick till jordbruksproduktion. Ägare av större fastigheter, aktiva lantbrukare i åldern 40-65 år och innehavare av stor andel egen mark (få arrenden) är de som främst tagit jordbruksmark ur produktion genom att plantera Salix. Regelverket kring utarrendering av jordbruksmark utgör genom sin konstruktion ett hinder för beskogning, vilket blir kännbart eftersom ca 45 % av jordbruksmarken är utarrenderad. Markägarna har löst sitt rådgivningsbehov dels via olika organisationer och företag dels via Internet, som uppgavs fungera bra enligt ca hälften av respondenterna. Argument för plantering som nämnts vid intervjuerna är: önskan att skapa bättre arrondering ge
|
|
| 21. |
- Ezebilo, Eugene Ejike, et al.
(författare)
-
Preferences and willingness to pay for close to home nature for outdoor recreation in Sweden
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 58, s. 283-296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden there is a strong tradition of using nature areas for outdoor recreation. This paper reports on a study which explored preferences and willingness to pay for outdoor recreation close to home (<= 100km away from home and <= 24hours stay at a recreation site) using the contingent valuation method. The data originated from a mail survey that involved Swedish residents who were randomly selected from a national register. An ordinary least squares regression model was used to account for factors influencing willingness to pay. The results showed that approximately 50% of the respondents used nature areas close to their home for recreation and their average frequency of visits to these areas was 74times annually. Areas dominated by forests were the most preferred, followed by water. The respondents were willing to pay approximately 7200 SEK (US$1080) annually. Their willingness to pay was influenced by factors such as type of nature area, distance to and time spent at the recreation site and income. The results provide one input to the land use planning process by considering the demand for nature-based outdoor recreation close to home.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Grip, Olivia, et al.
(författare)
-
Open versus endovascular revascularization in the treatment of acute lower limb ischaemia
- 2018
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 105:12, s. 1598-1606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consensus is lacking regarding intervention for patients with acute lower limb ischaemia (ALI). The aim was to study amputation-free survival in patients treated for ALI by either primary open or endovascular revascularization.Methods: The Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) was combined with the Population Registry and National Patient Registry to determine follow-up on mortality and amputation rates. Revascularization techniques were compared by propensity score matching 1:1.Results: Of 9736 patients who underwent open surgery and 6493 who had endovascular treatment between 1994 and 2014, 3365 remained in each group after propensity score matching. Results are from the matched cohort only. Mean age of the patients was 74⋅7 years; 47⋅5 per cent were women and mean follow-up was 4⋅3 years. At 30-day follow-up, the endovascular group had better patency (83⋅0 versus 78⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Amputation rates were similar at 30 days (7⋅0 per cent in the endovascular group versus 8⋅2 per cent in the open group; P = 0⋅113) and at 1 year (13⋅8 versus 14⋅8 per cent; P = 0⋅320). The mortality rate was lower after endovascular treatment, at 30 days (6⋅7 versus 11⋅1 per cent; P < 0⋅001) and after 1 year (20⋅2 versus 28⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Accordingly, endovascular treatment had better amputation-free survival at 30 days (87⋅5 versus 82⋅1 per cent; P < 0⋅001) and 1 year (69⋅9 versus 61⋅1 per cent; P < 0⋅001). The number needed to treat to prevent one death within the rst year was 12 with an endovascular compared with an open approach. Five years after surgery, endovascular treatment still had improved survival (HR 0⋅78, 99 per cent c.i. 0⋅70 to 0⋅86) but the difference between the treatment groups occurred mainly in the rst year.Conclusion: Primary endovascular treatment for ALI appeared to reduce mortality compared with open surgery, without any difference in the risk of amputation.
|
|
| 24. |
- Hassan, Saadia, et al.
(författare)
-
Gene expression signature-based chemcial genomics and activity pattern in a panel of tumour cell lines propose linalyl acetate as a protein kinase/NF-κB inhibitor
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Gene Therapy and Molecular Biology. - 1529-9120. ; 12:B, s. 359-370
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The essential oil of Lebanese sage, Salvia libanotica, was reported to have anti-tumour activity; however, the mechanism of action has not been identified yet. In this study, 14- cancer cell lines including drug-sensitive and resistant lung, leukaemia, and colon, as well as primary human tumours of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and primary normal mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used to characterize the anti-tumour activity and mechanism of action of linalyl acetate, a component of the Lebanese sage essential oil. Drug activity and gene expression data sets were utilized to identify drugs with similar activity patterns and genes involved in drug sensitivity/resistance. In addition, the Connectivity Map, a gene expression signature-based screening approach, assisted in predicting further the molecular action of linalyl acetate. Small cell lung carcinoma and colorectal cancer cell lines were the most sensitive to the drug and greater tumour selectivity was observed against chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells compared to normal mononuclear cells. Only limited effect of some of the classical mechanisms of multi-drug resistance on the activity of Linalyl acetate was noted which makes it potentially interesting for drug-resistant patients. There was high similarity between the activity-pattern/gene expression profile of linalyl acetate and that of protein kinase/NF-kappa B inhibitors. Validating this, linalyl acetate was found to strongly inhibit Janus kinase, JAK3, and p38 alpha kinases in a cell-free assay as well as the NF-kappa B translocation in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results show that the NF-kappa B inhibitor, linalyl acetate, may represent a new therapeutic compound in the management of inflammation and cancer.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lehto, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
Skogens rekreationsvärden- en förstudie med förslag till indikatorer.
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skogen fyller en viktig roll för människors rekreation i Sverige. Enligt skogsvårdslagens portalparagraf (1§) ska skogsskötseln ta hänsyn till sådana allmänna intressen. Det finns därför ett behov av indikatorer för skogens rekreationsvärden. Begreppsmässigt kan skogens rekreationsvärde förstås på flera olika sätt, och i denna rapport har vi skapat ett ramverk som delar in dessa i två dimensioner. Den första dimensionen utgörs av potentiellt respektive realiserat rekreationsvärde, den andra dimensionen består av två perspektiv, ett som utgår från skogen och ett som utgår från rekreationsutövaren. Skogens rekreationspotential beror i grunden på skogens egna egenskaper, men också på påverkan från omgivningen, samt på förekomsten av infrastruktur för rekreation och skogens lokalisering i förhållande till var potentiella rekreationsutövare bor. Trots att det skett ganska omfattande forskning om vilka egenskaper hos skogen som är viktiga för kvaliteten av upplevelsen av att vistas i skogen, är det svårt att dra generella slutsatser. Resultaten från olika studier motsäger ibland varandra och ofta finns det problem med representativiteten – att det är oklart vilken befolkning försökspersonerna egentligen representerar. Ett särskilt problem är att nästan inga studier har inkluderat barn. Den enorma variationen mellan skogar i olika naturliga miljöer och föremål för olika sorters skötsel gör det också svårt att veta i vilken mån forskningsresultat från en viss plats kan tillämpas även på skogar på andra platser. Likväl finns det två egenskaper som universellt förefaller vara viktiga för rekreationsvärdet och som också torde gå att uppskatta med hyfsad noggrannhet baserat på befintliga data: Förekomst av stora träd, samt att skogen inte ska vara för tät, men inte heller för gles. En kombination av dessa två variabler utgör grunden för det som i denna rapport kallas indikator 1A.1. Det finns många andra egenskaper som förefaller påverka rekreationsupplevelsen positivt, men som vi inte inkluderat i förslaget över indikatorer. Detta har gjorts då forskningsresultaten delvis varit motstridiga, eller för att det saknas enkla sätt att mäta egenskaperna i fråga. Sådana egenskaper är t.ex. biologisk mångfald, varierad struktur, samt variationen i landskapet. Mycket tyder på att ökad ”naturlighet” hos skogen höjer rekreationsupplevelsen, men det finns också forskningsresultat som motsäger detta – förekomst av döda eller nedfallna träd har i flera undersökningar rankats av försökspersoner som något negativt. Gällande påverkan från omgivningen förefaller närhet till vatten generellt höja upplevelsens kvalitet, medan buller sänker den. Bägge dessa variabler är därtill enkla att kartlägga baserat på befintliga data och en kombination av dem utgör indikator 1A.2. Förekomsten av rekreationsinfrastruktur, såsom iordningsställda vandringsleder, vindskydd, skyltar m.m., har stor betydelse för var människor rör sig i terrängen, vilket utgör indikator 1A.3. Enklare stigar förefaller generellt höja rekreationsvärdet, medan förekomsten av mer utvecklad rekreationsinfrastruktur påverkar olika människors upplevelse på olika sätt: s.k. ”urbanister” uppfattar mer utvecklad rekreationsinfrastruktur som något positivt, medan s.k. ”purister” tvärtom uppfattar det som ett störande intrång i naturen. Sambandet mellan denna indikator och rekreationsvärdet kan alltså verka i olika riktning för olika individer. Människor tenderar att utöva rekreation främst i skogar som ligger nära bostaden och därför är skogens lokalisering en viktig komponent för rekreationsvärdet. Ju närmare en skog ligger till människors bostäder, desto större potential har den att utnyttjas för rekreation, och detta förhållande utgör därför indikator 1A.4. Utövarens potentiella rekreationsvärden (indikator 1B) utgår från individens tillgång till skogar med höga rekreationsvärden enligt indikatorerna 1A.1-1A.4. Av särskild vikt är i vilken utsträckning varje bostad har tillgång till rekreationsskogar inom lämpligt avstånd för olika grupper av rekreationsutövare, inklusive preferenser gällande förekomsten av infrastruktur. Indikator 1B omfattar även människors kännedom om skogar med rekreationsvärden. Skogens realiserade rekreationsvärde (indikator 2A) utgörs av hur många personer som besöker en viss skog, samt hur dessa upplever besöket. Utövarens realiserade rekreationsvärde (indikator 2B) utgörs av besöksfrekvens och de upplevda värden en viss utövare har av alla skogar den besöker. Dessa värden kan aggregeras på olika rumsliga nivåer, till exempel bestånd, kommun, län, eller hela riket. I rapporten identifierar vi flera andra faktorer som kan ha stor betydelse för rekreationsvärdena – i positiv eller negativ bemärkelse – men som hittills inte studerats tillräckligt för att kunna inkluderas i de indikatorer vi föreslår. En sådan faktor är skogens storlek, dvs. i vilken mån upplevelsen förbättras av känslan av att vara i en stor skog. En annan är förekomsten av främmande trädslag, till exempel contortatall. Ytterligare ämnen som det skulle vara viktigt att forska mera på är i vilken mån rekreation i skog kan ha positiva effekter på folkhälsan och därmed även samhällsekonomin, samt potentialen hos alternativa skogsbruksmetoder, som inte använder kalhyggen, kan ha för att skapa skogar med högre rekreationsvärden än idag. Skogens betydelse för naturturismen, och de ekonomiska värden som där uppstår, är ett annat område som behöver ytterligare belysning. Rapporten efterlyser också mer systematiskt framtagen statistik från besökarstudier för att beräkna skogens realiserade rekreationsvärden.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Lindhagen-Persson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Amyloid-β oligomer specificity mediated by the IgM isotype : implications for a specific protective mechanism exerted by endogenous auto-antibodies
- 2010
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 5:11, s. e13928-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Alzheimers disease (AD) has been strongly linked to an anomalous self-assembly of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The correlation between clinical symptoms of AD and Aβ depositions is, however, weak. Instead small and soluble Aβ oligomers are suggested to exert the major pathological effects. In strong support of this notion, immunological targeting of Aβ oligomers in AD mice-models shows that memory impairments can be restored without affecting the total burden of Aβ deposits. Consequently a specific immunological targeting of Aβ oligomers is of high therapeutic interest. Methodology/Principal Findings Previously the generation of conformational-dependent oligomer specific anti-Aβ antibodies has been described. However, to avoid the difficult task of identifying a molecular architecture only present on oligomers, we have focused on a more general approach based on the hypothesis that all oligomers expose multiple identical epitopes and therefore would have an increased binding to a multivalent receptor. Using the polyvalent IgM immunoglobulin we have developed a monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody (OMAB). OMAB only demonstrates a weak interaction with Aβ monomers and dimers having fast on and off-rate kinetics. However, as an effect of avidity, its interaction with Aβ-oligomers results in a strong complex with an exceptionally slow off-rate. Through this mechanism a selectivity towards Aβ oligomers is acquired and OMAB fully inhibits the cytotoxic effect exerted by Aβ(1-42) at highly substoichiometric ratios. Anti-Aβ auto-antibodies of IgM isotype are frequently present in the sera of humans. Through a screen of endogenous anti-Aβ IgM auto-antibodies from a group of healthy individuals we show that all displays a preference for oligomeric Aβ. Conclusions/Significance Taken together we provide a simple and general mechanism for targeting of oligomers without the requirement of conformational-dependent epitopes. In addition, our results suggest that IgM anti-Aβ auto-antibodies may exert a more specific protective mechanism in vivo than previously anticipated.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Lindhagen-Persson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Formation of cytotoxic transthyretin is not dependent on inter-molecular disulphide bridges commonly found within the amyloid form
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Amyloid. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-6129 .- 1744-2818. ; 15:4, s. 240-245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is linked to destabilising point mutations in the human plasma protein transthyretin (TTR). Consistent with similar amyloid disorders, low molecular weight TTR oligomers have been shown to exert the major cytotoxic effect. The amyloid structure of TTR contains non-native inter-molecular disulphide linkages via the cysteine at position 10 (Cys10). Moreover, substitution of Cys10 in a mouse model for TTR-amyloidosis abolishes TTR deposits, indicating an important role of Cys10 in FAP pathogenesis. However, the role of disulphide bridges in TTR cytotoxicity has not been elucidated. By probing Cys10Ser TTR variants to the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, we have addressed this question, and our results clearly show that formation of an inter-molecular disulphide bridge is not a pre-requisite for TTR cytotoxicity. This finding suggests that prevention of inter-molecular TTR disulphide bridges as a therapeutic intervention will not impair the cytotoxic potential of TTR.
|
|
| 32. |
- Lindhagen Persson, Malin, 1982-
(författare)
-
Targeting cytotoxic species in amyloid diseases
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amyloid diseases are a world-wide problem causing great human suffer and large economical costs. Although amyloid deposits, a common denominator in all amyloid disorders, are detrimental to the surrounding tissue, there is a poor correlation between total amyloid burden and clinical symptoms. Soluble oligomers are much more potent to exert a tissue damaging effect. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is strongly linked to self-assembly of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Antibodies selectively targeting cytotoxic Aβ-species are useful both for understanding oligomer formation and for their therapeutic abilities. We hypothesized that the effect of avidity would compensate for a low single site affinity and be enough to selectively target oligomers. To evaluate this hypothesis, we focused on the IgM isotype having ten antigen-binding sites. In accordance with the hypothesis, the IgM isotype effectively bound oligomeric Aβ also in presence of a vast excess of its monomeric counterpart, clearly illustrating the potentiating effect of avidity. As a continuation of this work, we have shown that the avidity effect from a bivalent binding is enough to induce oligomer specificity. This finding facilitates a direct application on the clinically more useful IgG isotype, where the binding properties now can be controlled in detail. The method is general and we have, using this technique, also designed oligomer specific antibodies targeting α-synuclein. Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic protein involved in both hereditary and sporadic amyloidosis. The cytotoxicity of TTR is intriguing since studies have shown cytotoxic potential from oligomers, tetramers and even monomers. Elucidation of the molecular properties associated with TTR cytotoxicity is hence of interest. By preventing tetramer dissociation, TTR aggregation and TTR-induced cytotoxicity is abolished. Based on this rationale, a current therapeutic strategy is to stabilize the TTR tetramer with small molecules. The kinetic stability within the spectra of known TTR mutations spans more than three orders of magnitude. However, although the most stable mutants are inert, a poor correlation within the group of cytotoxic variants exists where the cytotoxic effect is not potentiated in proportion to their kinetic stability. Through analysis of a large spectra of TTR variants, our results indicate that TTR induced cytotoxicity requires an intermediate stability of the TTR molecule. The kinetic stability should be low enough to permit tetramer dissociation and the thermodynamic stability high enough to prevent instant aggregation and to allow formation of the cytotoxic fold.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Ohlson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Castration rapidly decreases local insulin-like growth factor-1 levels and inhibits its effects in the ventral prostate in mice.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 66:16, s. 1687-1697
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which castration induces prostate involution are largely unknown. METHODS: Early responses to castration in mouse ventral prostate (VP) were explored by quantitative microscopy, cDNA array expression, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. As several changes occurred in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system this was studied in more detail. Laser micro-dissection was used to localize sites of IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-R1) production. IGF-1 protein levels and IGF-R1 mediated signaling via insulin regulated substrate 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and 2) were examined. IGF-1 was injected into the VP in intact, and castrated mice and effects studied 1 day later. RESULTS: IGF-1 and IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) mRNA were rapidly reduced whereas IGFBP-3 and IGF-R1 mRNA were increased after castration. IGF-1 was principally produced in the stromal compartment, while IGF-R1 was produced in both epithelial and stromal cells. IGF-1 and IRS-1 protein levels were decreased 1 and 3 days after castration, respectively, while IRS-2 was unchanged. Inactivating phosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine 307 was increased 1 day after castration, and activating phosphorylation at tyrosine 612 was decreased 2 days later. These changes were accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in the glandular and vascular compartment. Local injection of IGF-1 increased vascular density and epithelial cell proliferation in intact mice, but had no effect in castrated animals. CONCLUSION: Decreased IGF-1 levels and action may mediate some of the key features of castration-induced prostate involution.
|
|
| 35. |
- Treusch, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Functional links between Aβ toxicity, endocytic trafficking, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in yeast
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Science. - Washington : American association of advancement in science. - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 334:6060, s. 1241-1245
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aβ (beta amyloid peptide) is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We modeled Aβ toxicity in yeast by directing the peptide to the secretory pathway. A genome-wide screen for toxicity modifiers identified the yeast homolog of phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) and other endocytic factors connected to AD whose relationship to Aβ was previously unknown. The factors identified in yeast modified Aβ toxicity in glutamatergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans and in primary rat cortical neurons. In yeast, Aβ impaired the endocytic trafficking of a plasma membrane receptor, which was ameliorated by endocytic pathway factors identified in the yeast screen. Thus, links between Aβ, endocytosis, and human AD risk factors can be ascertained using yeast as a model system.
|
|
