| 1. |
-
Highlights from the first year of Odin observations
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L39-L46
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key Odin operational and instrumental features and highlights from our sub-millimetre and millimetre wave observations of H2O, H218O, NH3, 15NH3 and O2 are presented, with some insights into accompanying Odin Letters in this A&A issue. We focus on new results where Odin's high angular resolution, high frequency resolution, large spectrometer bandwidths, high sensitivity or/and frequency tuning capability are crucial: H2O mapping of the Orion KL, W3, DR21, S140 regions, and four comets; H2O observations of Galactic Centre sources, of shock enhanced H2O towards the SNR IC443, and of the candidate infall source IRAS 16293-2422; H218O detections in Orion KL and in comet Ikeya-Zhang; sub-mm detections of NH3 in Orion KL (outflow, ambient cloud and bar) and ρ Oph, and very recently, of 15NH3 in~Orion KL. Simultaneous sensitive searches for the 119 GHz line of O2 have resulted in very low abundance limits, which are difficult to accomodate in chemical models. We also demonstrate, by means of a quantitative comparison of Orion KL H2O results, that the Odin and SWAS observational data sets are very consistently calibrated. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and the Centre National d'études Spatiales (CNES, France). The Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) has been the prime industrial contractor, and is also responsible for the satellite operation from its Odin Mission Control Centre at SSC in Solna and its Odin Control Centre at ESRANGE near Kiruna in northern Sweden. See also the SNSB Odin web page: http://www.snsb.se/eng_odin_intro.shtml
|
|
| 2. |
- Sandqvist, Aa., et al.
(författare)
-
Odin observations of H2O in the Galactic Centre
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L63-L67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Odin satellite has been used to detect emission and absorption in the 557-GHz H216O line in the Galactic Centre towards the Sgr Astar Circumnuclear Disk (CND), and the Sgr A +20 km s-1 and +50 km s-1 molecular clouds. Strong broad H2O emission lines have been detected in all three objects. Narrow H2O absorption lines are present at all three positions and originate along the lines of sight in the 3-kpc Spiral Arm, the -30 km s-1 Spiral Arm and the Local Sgr Spiral Arm. Broad H2O absorption lines near -130 km s-1 are also observed, originating in the Expanding Molecular Ring. A new molecular feature (the ``High Positive Velocity Gas'' - HPVG) has been identified in the positive velocity range of ~+120 to +220 km s-1, seen definitely in absorption against the stronger dust continuum emission from the +20 km s-1 and +50 km s-1 clouds and possibly in emission towards the position of Sgr Astar CND. The 548-GHz H218O isotope line towards the CND is not detected at the 0.02 K (rms) level. Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation was the industrial prime contractor and is also responsible for the satellite operation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Pagani, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Low upper limits on the O2 abundance from the Odin satellite
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L77-L81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, a search has been conducted in our Galaxy for the 119 GHz transition connecting to the ground state of O2, using the Odin satellite. Equipped with a sensitive 3 mm receiver (Tsys(SSB) = 600 K), Odin has reached unprecedented upper limits on the abundance of O2, especially in cold dark clouds where the excited state levels involved in the 487 GHz transition are not expected to be significantly populated. Here we report upper limits for a dozen sources. In cold dark clouds we improve upon the published SWAS upper limits by more than an order of magnitude, reaching N(O2)/N(H2) <= 10-7 in half of the sources. While standard chemical models are definitively ruled out by these new limits, our results are compatible with several recent studies that derive lower O2 abundances. Goldsmith et al. (\cite{SWAS2002}) recently reported a SWAS tentative detection of the 487 GHz transition of O2 in an outflow wing towards rho Oph A in a combination of 7 beams covering approximately 10arcmin x 14arcmin . In a brief (1.3 hour integration time) and partial covering of the SWAS region (~65% if we exclude their central position), we did not detect the corresponding 119 GHz line. Our 3 sigma upper limit on the O2 column density is 7.3x 1015 cm-2. We presently cannot exclude the possibility that the SWAS signal lies mostly outside of the 9\arcmin Odin beam and has escaped our sensitive detector. Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation was the industrial prime contractor and is operating Odin.
|
|
| 4. |
- Andre, M., Behlke, R., Wahlund, J.E., Vaivads, A., Eriksson, A., Tjulin, A., Carozzi, T. D., Cully, C., Gustafsson, G., Sundkvist, D., Khotyaintsev, Y., Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., Rezeau, L., Maksimovic, M., Lucek, E., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M., Lindqvist, P.A.
(författare)
-
Multi-spacecraft observations of broadband waves near the lower hybrid frequency at the Earthward edge of the magnetopause.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. ; 19:6, s. 1471-1481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadband waves around the lower hybrid frequency (around 10 Hz) near the magnetopause are studied, using the four Cluster satellites. These waves are common at the Earthward edge of the boundary layer, consistent with earlier observations, and can have a
|
|
| 5. |
- Andre, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-spacecraft observations of broadband waves near the lower hybrid frequency at the Earthward edge of the magnetopause
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 19:12-okt, s. 1471-1481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadband waves around the lower hybrid frequency (around 10 Hz) near the magnetopause are studied, using the four Cluster satellites. These waves are common at the Earthward edge of the boundary layer, consistent with earlier observations, and can have amplitudes at least up to 5 mV/m. These waves are similar on all four Cluster satellites, i.e. they are likely to be distributed over large areas of the boundary. The strongest electric fields occur during a few seconds, i.e. over distances of a few hundred km in the frame of the moving magnetopause, a scale length comparable to the ion gyroradius. The strongest magnetic oscillations in the same frequency range are typically found in the boundary layer, and across the magnetopause. During an event studied in detail, the magnetopause velocity is consistent with a large-scale depression wave, i.e. an inward bulge of magnetosheath plasma, moving tailward along the nominal magnetopause boundary. Preliminary investigations indicate that a rather flat front side of the large-scale wave is associated with a rather static small-scale electric field, while a more turbulent backside of the large-scale wave is associated with small-scale time varying electric field wave packets.
|
|
| 6. |
- Axelsson, J, et al.
(författare)
-
Hormonal changes in satisfied and dissatisfied shift workers across a shift cycle
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 95:5, s. 2099-2105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the literature claims that shift work is harmful, it overlooks the fact that that many shift workers are satisfied and stay healthy. There is little knowledge of the biological mechanisms mediating the differences in susceptibility. The present study compared satisfied and dissatisfied shift workers with respect to major anabolic and catabolic hormones. Forty-two male shift workers, with an extremely rapidly rotating shift schedule, were divided into two groups according to their ratings of satisfaction with their work hours. Morning blood samples were taken during the first and last morning shift in the shift cycle. Serum was analyzed with respect to testosterone, cortisol, and prolactin. Dissatisfied shift workers had lower morning testosterone than satisfied ones, but they did not significantly differ with respect to cortisol or prolactin. Low testosterone levels were, in addition, associated with a greater sleep need, disturbed sleep/wakefulness, and an increased need for recovery after the work period, the latter being the best predictor of testosterone levels. The only change across the shift cycle concerned a significant decrease of morning cortisol at the end of the shift cycle. High morning cortisol was related to having a morning personality and fewer sleep problems before the morning shift. Dissatisfaction with the shift system seems related to lower testosterone levels, which in turn are related to disturbed sleep/wakefulness and increased need for sleep and recovery. Furthermore, morning cortisol was reduced across a shift cycle. It is suggested that reduced testosterone levels may be part of a mechanism of shift work maladjustment.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Persistence of plasmid RP4 in Pseudomonas putida and loss of its expression of antibiotic resistance in a groundwater microcosm
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 36:6, s. 999-1008
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the stability of plasmid RN and its expression of antibiotic-resistance genes in suspended and sorbed Pseudomonas putida in aquifer microcosms. Test tubes containing different proportions of sterilized aquifer soil and groundwater were inoculated with bacteria and incubated for up to 26 d. Serial dilutions were made to agar plates with or without antibiotics, to quantify the functional stability of the plasmid. The structural integrity of RN was examined by plasmid extraction, digestion with restriction enzymes, and agarose gel electrophoresis. The plasmid-borne resistance gene expression disappeared in 80-90% of the cells during day 1 of incubation in aquifer soil and then remained at that frequency throughout the experiment. The RP4 plasmid was present in cells without antibiotic-resistance gene expression, indicating that the observed loss of plasmid-encoded activity was most likely due to a reduction in expression of the resistance genes. The increased growth rate in groundwater amended with glucose and phosphate had no significant influence on plasmid loss or antibiotic-resistance expression, suggesting that plasmid loss and antibiotic-resistance expression were independent of the growth rate. Most of the reduction of resistance gene expression was associated with the presence of soil particles, and 70% of the resistance expression was retained in bacteria incubated for 1 d in groundwater alone. Bacteria sorbed to the soil particles had a lower frequency of expression of resistance genes than suspended bacteria, but the difference was not caused by sorbed inorganic or organic chemicals. Resistance gene expression was partly recovered in suspended bacteria after in vitro exposure to the antibiotics and after first isolating on agar without antibiotics and then replica plating to agar containing the antibiotics.
|
|
| 8. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
-
EMMA - the electric and magnetic monitor of the aurora on Astrid-2
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 22:1, s. 115-123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Astrid-2 mission has dual primary objectives. First, it is an orbiting instrument platform for studying auroral electrodynamics. Second, it is a technology demonstration of the feasibility of using micro-satellites for innovative space plasma physics research. The EMMA instrument, which we discuss in the present paper, is designed to provide simultaneous sampling of two electric and three magnetic field components up to about 1 kHz. The spin plane components of the electric field are measured by two pairs of opposing probes extended by wire booms with a separation distance of 6.7 m. The probes have titanium nitride (TiN) surfaces. which has proved to be a material with excellent properties for providing good electrical contact between probe and plasma. The wire booms are of a new design in which the booms in the stowed position are wound around the exterior of the spacecraft body. The boom system was flown for the first time on this mission and worked flawlessly. The magnetic field is measured by a tri-axial fluxgate sensor located at the tip of a rigid. hinged boom extended along the spacecraft spin axis and facing away from the Sun. The new advanced-design fluxgate magnetometer uses digital signal processors for detection and feedback, thereby reducing the analogue circuitry to a minimum. The instrument characteristics as well as a brief review of the science accomplished and planned are presented.
|
|
| 9. |
- Blomberg, Lars G., et al.
(författare)
-
Solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling : an event study based on Freja data
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 66:5, s. 375-380
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freja data are used to study the relative contributions from the high-latitude (reconnection/direct entry) and low-latitude (viscous interaction) dynamos to the cross-polar potential drop. Convection streamlines which are connected to the high-latitude dynamo may be identified from dispersed magnetosheath ions not only in the cusp/cleft region itself but also several degrees poleward of it. This fact, together with Freja's orbital geometry allows us to infer the potential drop from the high-latitude dynamo as well as to obtain a lower limit to the potential drop from the low-latitude dynamo for dayside Freja passes. All cases studied here are for active magnetospheric conditions. The Freja data suggest that under these conditions at least one third of the potential is generated in the low-latitude dynamo. These observations are consistent with earlier observations of the potential across the low-latitude boundary layer if we assume that the low-latitude dynamo region extends over several tens of Earth radii in the antisunward direction along the tail flanks, and that the majority of the potential drop derives from the sun-aligned component of the electric field rather than from its cross-boundary component, or equivalently, that the centre of the dynamo region is located quite far down tail. A possible dynamo geometry is illustrated.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Boström, R., Eriksson, A.I., Åhlén, L., Blomberg, L., Gustafsson, G., Holback, B., Holmgren, G., Holtet, J., Jansson, S.E., Lindqvist, P.A., Lybekk, B., Mälkki, A., Riihelä, P. and Wahlund, J.E.
(författare)
-
The Rosetta Dual Langmuir Probe Instrument for Measurements of Plasma Density, Temperature and Flow Velocity.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: ESA SP-1165.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
-
First results of electric field and density observations by Cluster EFW based on initial months of operation
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 19:12-okt, s. 1219-1240
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highlights are presented from studies of the electric field data from various regions along the CLUSTER orbit. They all point towards a very high coherence for phenomena recorded on four spacecraft that are separated by a few hundred kilometers for structures over the whole range of apparent frequencies from I mHz to 9 kHz. This presents completely new opportunities to study spatial-temporal plasma phenomena from the magnetosphere out to the solar wind. A new probe environment was constructed for the CLUSTER electric field experiment that now produces data of unprecedented quality. Determination of plasma flow in the solar wind is an example of the capability of the instrument.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Laakso, H., Grard, R., Masson, A., Moullard, O., Bale, S., Mozer, F., Pedersen, A., Andre, M., Eriksson, A., Gustaffson, G. and Lindqvist, P.-A.
(författare)
-
Multi-point electric field observations in the high-latitude magnetosphere
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Les Woolliscroft Memorial Conference Sheffield Space Plasma Meeting: Multipoint Measurements versus Theory. Proceedings (SP-492) (2001) ESA SP-492. - : Noordwijk, Netherlands. ; , s. 27-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The authors use multi-point electric field observations from the four Cluster satellites to study the dynamical behavior of the high-latitude magnetosphere on February 13-14, 2001, 20-02 UT. At 20:00 UT the vehicles enter the cusp where three satellites o
|
|
| 18. |
- Laakso, H., et al.
(författare)
-
Multi-point electric field observations in the high-latitude magnetosphere
- 2001
-
Ingår i: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP. ; , s. 27-34
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use multi-point electric field observations from the four Cluster satellites to study the dynamical behavior of the high-latitude magnetosphere on February 13-14, 2001, 20-02 UT. At 20:00 UT the vehicles enter the cusp where three satellites observe a 500-volt potential drop. It implies that at lower altitudes there likely exist some parallel electric fields that accelerate electrons downward and ions upward. In the following 2-3 hours the satellites move over the southern polar cap where all four satellites pass through a number of stationary, large-scale density enhancements that are associated with 200-volt potential drops. The observed events are possibly ionospheric ion outflows, triggered by geomagnetic activity. At 23:20 UT, the satellites move in the distant plasma sheet, and an hour later they have a brief encounter with the auroral region where a density cavity of a few degrees wide is observed. At the equatorward edge of the cavity, large electric fields of 100 mV/m are observed, which are likely related to an auroral arc. Similar observations are collected from all four satellites within a few minutes, but a detailed comparison reveals plenty of differences, apparently due to small spatial and temporal scale sizes. Near the perigee pass, the vehicles traverse the plasma trough near local midnight, where they all detect a ULF wave event. A preliminary analysis of the event shows that it is a resonant mode of a 120-sec period. Surprisingly the observations from four satellites are not well correlated, which suggests a short spatial and temporal scale for the event. A possible source mechanism for ULF waves at this local time sector is drifting ring current protons.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Lindqvist, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Locus of control in relation to smoking cessation during pregnancy
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 30:1, s. 30-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims : This study was carried out to investigate how the locus of control (LOC) varies between those who stop smoking in connection with pregnancy and those who do not. The LOC refl ects the extent to which a person is in control of her or his life events. Methods: One hundred and two women who were regular smokers at the time of conception and paid their fi rst visits to the antenatal clinic (ANC) on account of the current pregnancy participated. The study was quantitative and questionnaire based, covering background factors, smoking habits, and the LOC. One hundred of the women were met a second time after the delivery. Smoking habits were monitored by the content of carbon monoxide in expired air. The LOC was recorded on a VAS scale (0-10). A lower index was consistent with a more internal LOC and a higher with a more external LOC. Results : The median LOC found was 4.0 (range 1.1-7.9). The LOC was not correlated to the CO in expired air. Younger age was linked to a more internal LOC, while worse sleep was correlated to a more external LOC ( p<0.05). No differences were found between those who stopped smoking and those who did not. This was the case in both light and heavy smokers. Conclusion : The LOC does not seem to infl uence the ability to stop smoking during pregnancy.
|
|
| 22. |
- Lindqvist, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Smoking during pregnancy: comparison of self-reports and cotinine levels in 496 women
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 81:3, s. 240-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To validate self-reported smoking habits in smoking pregnant women and estimate the prevalence of substantial exposure to passive smoking in non-smoking pregnant women. Design. Retrospective, quantitative study, consecutively collected samples. Setting. One antenatal clinic in Blekinge County, Sweden. Subjects. 509 pregnant women. Method. Information about smoking habits were taken from the antenatal records of 496 women (97%). Serum samples from these women were tested for cotinine, a nicotine metabolite. Main outcome measures. Self-reported smoking habits and cotinine levels in ng/mL. Results. Of 407 women, reporting to be non-smokers, 6% were most likely smokers, and 3% had cotinine levels suggesting exposure to substantial passive smoking. Of 60 women, reporting smoking 1-10 cigarettes per day, 32% were likely to smoke more. Conclusion. If the true facts about exposure to tobacco smoke are not revealed, a number of women who might benefit from information and support at the antenatal clinic will miss the opportunity of such assistance, resulting in increased risks for both the woman and her fetus.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lindqvist, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Who stops smoking during pregnancy?
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349. ; 80:2, s. 137-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
- Munthe, John, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of atmospheric mercury species in Northern Europe: Final results from the MOE-project
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 37:Suppl 1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mercury species over Europe (MOE) project was aimed at identifying sources, occurrence and atmospheric behaviour of atmospheric Hg species. Within MOE, emission measurements, ambient air measurements, process and regional-scale modelling and laboratory measurements were conducted. In this work, a summary of some of the main results is given. From the emission measurements, information on stack gas concentrations and emission factors for five coal fired power plants and three waste incinerators are presented. Results from field measurements of mercury species in ambient air at five locations in Northern Europe are presented. Examples from regional-scale atmospheric modelling are also given. The results emphasise the importance of information on Hg species for instance in emission inventories and measurement data from background sites. Furthermore, the importance of considering the role of the global cycling of mercury in future control strategies is emphasised
|
|
| 27. |
- Nilsen, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Making sense of safety
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 10:2
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Valtýsdóttir, Sigridur T., et al.
(författare)
-
Anxiety and depression in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 27:1, s. 165-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine the degree of anxiety and depression and to assess well being and general symptoms in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS: A standardized questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, was used to examine the degree of anxiety and depression in patients with primary SS (n = 62) and in age matched healthy female controls. The Gothenburg quality of life instrument (GQOL) was used to assess well being and general symptoms. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 38) were used as patient controls. RESULTS: The patients with primary SS had significantly higher scoring rate for "possible" clinical anxiety (48%) and for "possible" clinical depression (32%) compared with reference groups (p<0.05). The physical and mental well being of the patients with primary SS were significantly reduced compared with controls. Furthermore, patients with primary SS complained more commonly of low mood, irritability, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms, and impaired concentration and memory than the patients with RA. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that patients with primary SS often have psychiatric symptoms and worse well being, which may affect their quality of life.
|
|
| 30. |
- van Kuilenburg, André B P, et al.
(författare)
-
Novel disease-causing mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene interpreted by analysis of the three-dimensional protein structure
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 364:Pt 1, s. 157-163
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Cancer patients with a partial deficiency of DPD are at risk of developing severe life-threatening toxicities after the administration of 5-fluorouracil. Thus, identification of novel disease-causing mutations is of the utmost importance to allow screening of patients at risk. In eight patients presenting with a complete DPD deficiency, a considerable variation in the clinical presentation was noted. Whereas motor retardation was observed in all patients, no patients presented with convulsive disorders. In this group of patients, nine novel mutations were identified including one deletion of two nucleotides [1039-1042delTG] and eight missense mutations. Analysis of the crystal structure of pig DPD suggested that five out of eight amino acid exchanges present in these patients with a complete DPD deficiency, Pro86Leu, Ser201Arg, Ser492Leu, Asp949Val and His978Arg, interfered directly or indirectly with cofactor binding or electron transport. Furthermore, the mutations Ile560Ser and Tyr211Cys most likely affected the structural integrity of the DPD protein. Only the effect of the Ile370Val and a previously identified Cys29Arg mutation could not be readily explained by analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the DPD enzyme, suggesting that at least the latter might be a common polymorphism. Our data demonstrate for the first time the possible consequences of missense mutations in the DPD gene on the function and stability of the DPD enzyme.
|
|
| 31. |
- Yamauchi, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Acceleration signatures in the dayside boundary layer and the cusp
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C. - 1464-1917 .- 1873-4685. ; 26:03-jan, s. 195-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freja data show various electron acceleration signatures in the cusp and the dayside boundary layer: (1) time dispersive super-Alfvénic electrons followed by strong wave activity which accompanies transient downward super-thermal electron burst in both the boundary layer and the cusp; (2) quasi-stationary bidirectional electron burst coinciding with localized intense field-aligned current in the boundary layer; (3) downgoing electron burst without visible time dispersion in the cusp; and (4) thermal electrons accelerated by electrostatic potential in both the boundary layer and the cusp. The first and last signatures are different between two regions for typical energies and fluxes, and these differences probably reflect the different auroral emission in the cusp proper (red) and the boundary layer (green). Contributions of these electrons to the large-scale field-aligned currents are also different between two regions. The dispersed electron burst is probably accelerated within 1 Re above the ionosphere. From this result we believe that the cusp red aurora is caused mainly by accelerated electrons, but not by the smoothly entering magnetosheath electrons without acceleration. This also requires revisions of flux transfer event models for the structured cusp red aurora.
|
|
| 32. |
- Yamauchi, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Acceleration signatures in the dayside boundary layer and the cusp
- 2001
-
Ingår i: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH PART C-SOLAR-TERRESTIAL AND PLANETARY SCIENCE. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 1464-1917. ; 26:1-3, s. 195-200 Language: English
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freja data show various electron acceleration signatures in the cusp and the dayside boundary layer: (1) time dispersive suger-Alfvenic electrons followed by strong wave activity which accompanies transient downward super-thermal electron burst in both th
|
|
