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| 2. |
- Kihlstedt, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Material identity in a packaging context
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Package design includes a number of considerations ranging from protecting the content to conveying the brand image. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding on how Swedish consumes perceive product packaging attributes, with a special emphasis on in which way packaging material (carton, paper plastic), and structural design (folding carton, paper bag, standing pouch and plastic bag), have an emotional impact on consumers' evaluation of the product and packaging. Assessing the appearance and effectiveness of a packaging system is often confounded by branding, why it is important to separate the brand influence from the attributes of the packaging system. Thus, in the experimental part, packaging prototypes of different structural design and materials were manufactured in order to present commercial cereal brands in different types of packaging. The research involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, comprising (i) focus groups on cereal (muesli) packaging; (ii) a mock-up study of four muesli packaging types: transparent plastic bag, carton box, paper bag, and a resalable stand-up plastic pouch; and (iii) a questionnaire on environmental attitudes to packaging materials. Fourteen respondents participated in the focus groups and 20 in the mock-up study. Result show that the paper bag and the carton box were perceived to be the most environmentally friendly packaging material. Heavy ink usage on paper bags and carton boxes can however raise concern regarding the environmental impact. Introducing functionality and good print quality can cause preferences to divert to an alternative packaging material. In the mock-up study the standing pouch was the most liked package type regardless of brands. Functional reasons (protect, re-closable etc.) and appearance reasons (nice print, nice colours) was claimed for giving this package high ratings.
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| 9. |
- Dunér, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Permeability, ultrastructural changes, and distribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nephron. Experimental nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2129. ; 116:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability changes in relation to the expression of the podocyte-associated molecules nephrin, α-actinin, dendrin, and plekhh2, the last two of which were only recently discovered in podocytes. METHODS: Using immune stainings, semiquantitative measurement was performed under the electron microscope. Permeability was assessed using isolated kidney perfusion with tracers. Possible effects of ACE inhibition were tested. RESULTS: By day 2, some patchy foot process effacement, but no proteinuria, appeared. The amount of nephrin was reduced in both diseased and normal areas. The other proteins showed few changes, which were limited to diseased areas. By day 4, foot process effacement was complete and proteinuria appeared in parallel with signs of size barrier damage. Nephrin decreased further, while dendrin and plekhh2 also decreased but α-actinin remained unchanged. ACE inhibition had no significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: PAN glomeruli already showed significant pathology by day 4, despite relatively mild proteinuria. This was preceded by altered nephrin expression, supporting its pivotal role in podocyte morphology. The novel proteins dendrin and plekhh2 were both reduced, suggesting roles in PAN, whereas α-actinin was unchanged.
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| 10. |
- Hedman, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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LRIG2 in contrast to LRIG1 predicts poor survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 49:6, s. 812-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) protein family comprises LRIG1, 2, and 3. LRIG1 negatively regulates growth factor signaling and is a proposed tumor suppressor. In early stage uterine cervical carcinoma, expression of LRIG1 is associated with good survival. Less is known about the function and expression of LRIG2; it has not been studied in cervical carcinoma, previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LRIG2 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 129 uterine cervical squamous cell carcinomas and 36 uterine cervical adenocarcinomas. Possible associations between LRIG2 immunoreactivity and patient survival were evaluated. RESULTS: In early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (stages IB-IIB), high expression of LRIG2 was associated with poor survival (Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, p=0.02). The 10-year survival rate for patients with high expression of LRIG2 was 60%, compared to 87% in patients with low expression (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.64). In multivariate analysis including the previously studied tumor suppressor LRIG1 and clinical stage, LRIG2 emerged as an independent prognostic factor (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.50). For patients with both high expression of LRIG2 and low expression of LRIG1, the 10-year survival rate was only 26% compared to 66% for the remaining study population. There was no correlation between LRIG2 expression and prognosis in the limited adenocarcinoma series. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: LRIG2 appears to be a significant predictor of poor prognosis in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A combination of high LRIG2 expression and low LRIG1 expression identified women with a very poor prognosis.
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| 11. |
- Johansson, Birgitta, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Bedömning av rehabiliteringsbehov
- 2013. - 1
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Ingår i: Rehabilitering vid cancersjukdom. - Stockholm : Natur och kultur. - 9789127131286 ; , s. 38-56
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
- Lindberg, Siv M, et al.
(författare)
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A product semantic study of the influence of the sense of touch on the evaluation of wood-based materials
- 2013
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197 .- 0261-3069. ; 52, s. 300-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on product semantics, this study investigated how the tactile attributes of wood and wood-based composites are perceived and interpreted semantically. The wood-based samples included ash, birch, elm, oak, pine, OSB (oriented strand board), two wood pulp-reinforced polylactide composites, Comp A and B and one wood-fiber reinforced polypropene composite, Comp C. The subjects rated the samples by the descriptive words natural, exclusive, eco-. friendly, rough, inexpensive, reliable, warm, modern, snug and solid. The most significant differences between the samples were found for roughness and for the descriptors, reliable, natural and solid. A principal component analysis yielded three attributes based on the tactile perceptions: reliable, old-. fashioned and smooth. The solid wood pieces were perceived as natural and oak was perceived as being exclusive. The composite materials presented a greater variation in terms of perceived attributes than the wood specimens.
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| 14. |
- Lindström, Annika K, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Correlation between LRIG1 and LRIG2 expressions and expression of 11 tumor markers, with special reference to tumor suppressors, in CIN and normal cervical epithelium
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 122:2, s. 372-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Novel biological markers LRIG1 and LRIG2 have been associated with favorable as well as poor prognosis, respectively, in different cancer types, including cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between these proteins and other tumor markers, and as diagnostic adjuncts in CIN. Methods. Cervical biopsies from 171 women, with normal epithelium, and low-grade and high-grade CIN were stained for LRIG1 and LRIG2, and 11 additional tumor markers. The tumor markers were chosen to be relevant in cervical neoplasms. Staining was evaluated semiquantitatively. Results. Expression of LRIG1 and LRIG2 was found to correlate with increasing CIN grade, as well as with expression of tumor suppressor FHIT, independent of histological grade. In addition, tumor promoter LRIG2 expression correlated negatively with expression of tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein and positively with IL-10. The latter correlation did not however remain after adjustment for CIN grade. p53 and p16 expressions correlated positively with LRIG1 expression in univariate analyses, but significance did not hold after adjustment for CIN grade. Conclusion. LRIG1 and LRIG2 expressions were seen in precancerous cervical epithelium and found to increase with increasing grade. There was an association between expression of these glycoproteins and FHIT tumor suppressor protein, independently of histological grade.
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| 15. |
- Lindström, Annika K, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Immunohistochemical LRIG3 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer : association with expression of tumor markers, hormones, high-risk HPV-infection, smoking and patient outcome
- 2014
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Ingår i: European journal of histochemistry. - : PAGEPress Publications. - 1121-760X .- 2038-8306. ; 58:2, s. 83-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel biomarker LRIG3 is a member of the LRIG family (LRIG1-3). While LRIG1 has been associated with favorable prognosis and LRIG2 with poor prognosis in invasive cervical cancer, little is known about the role of LRIG3. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of LRIG3 in invasive cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) for possible correlation with other tumor markers, to hormones and smoking, as a diagnostic adjunct in CIN, and prognostic value in invasive cancer. Cervical biopsies from 129 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 170 biopsies showing low grade and high grade CIN, or normal epithelium were stained for LRIG3 and 17 additional tumor markers. Among other variables the following were included: smoking habits, hormonal contraceptive use, serum progesterone, serum estradiol, high-risk HPV-infection, meno pausal status and ten-year survival. In CIN, high expression of the tumor suppressors retinoblastoma protein, p53, and p16, and Ecadherin (cell-cell interaction), or low expression of CK10, correlated to LRIG3 expression. In addition, progestogenic contraceptive use correlated to high expression of LRIG3. In invasive cancer there was a correlation between expression of the major tumor promoter c-myc and high LRIG3 expression. High LRIG3 expression correlated significantly to presence of high-risk HPV infection in patients with normal epithelium and CIN. There was no correlation between LRIG3 expression and 10-year survival in patients with invasive cell cervical cancer. LRIG3 expression is associated with a number of molecular events in CIN. Expression also correlates to hormonal contraceptive use. The results on expression of other tumor markers suggest that LRIG3 is influ-markers in cancer and precancerous cells. Further studies are needed to elucidate if LRIG3 expression might be clinically useful.
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| 16. |
- Lindström, Annika, 1953-
(författare)
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Prognostic factors for squamous cell cervical cancer : tumor markers, hormones, smoking, and S-phase fraction
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality globally. In patients with invasive cervical cancer prognostic factors are of value for the choice of treatment, monitoring of treatment and follow-up. The most important clinical prognostic factors are stage, tumor volume, parametrial infiltration, vascular invasion, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases. An improved estimation of the prognosis of cervical cancer is desirable, especially in early cancer stages.The aim of this research was to study possible associations between tumor markers, female sex steroids, smoking, S-phase fraction (SPF), and prognosis in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer (SCC). The study comprised 190 patients with SCC, stages IB-IV, admitted to the Department of Gynecologic Oncology at Norrland University Hospital in Umeå between September 1984 and October1990. Ten year mortality was estimated.In study I, of a total of 103 patients, it was found that increased tumor growth, measured by the DNA SPF, was associated with elevated serum progesterone and smoking in the premenopasual patients and with aneuploidy in the whole group.In study II, comprising 128 patients, survival length related to hormone levels and SPF was evaluated in women who died of cervical cancer. In both pre- and postmenopausal women, who died of cervical cancer, SPF at or above 12% was correlated with reduced survival. There was significant positive correlation between a low serum estradiol/progesterone ratio and short survival in those premenopausal women who died of cancer (p=0.02).In study III, ten-year follow-up results in 128 women were compared with the expression of ten relevant tumor markers, assessed by immunohistochemistry. The overall ten-year survival rate in patients with low COX-2 and high CD4+ expression was 76%, versus 53% in the remaining women. The survival rate with absent p53 and high COX-2 expression in the tumors was 42%, versus 71%, while the corresponding figure for the combination of high COX-2 intensity and expression of c-myc was 27%, versus 62%. None of the single markers correlated significantly with outcome in the final Cox regression analyses, while five combinations did.Study IV addressed possible associations between selected tumor markers and cofactors in SCC. Ten tumor markers were examined in 128 patients. Smoking habits and previous oral contraceptive use were recorded. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were evaluated in 80 women. Highly significant associations were found between strong c-myc staining and increased progesterone, low EGFR staining and high serum estradiol, and absence of p53 staining and smoking. There was an association between absence of p53 and high serum progesterone.In study V, LRIG1 expression was studied in 128 patients and was compared with expression of nine other tumor markers, smoking history, hormone levels, and prognosis. LRIG1 appears to be a significant prognostic predictor in early stage SCC, independent of the other tumor markers that were studied. Diminished expression in advanced cancer stages and the inverse correlation to serum progesterone and smoking indicate that LRIG1 is a tumor suppressor in squamous cell cervical cancer.Conclusion: The results of these studies support a role of progesterone as a promoter of cervical cancer and indicate that smoking is associated with tumor progression. A combination of tumor markers might be of help in prognostic prediction. LRIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor. These findings might contribute towards greater understanding of prognostic prediction of squamous cell cervical cancer.
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| 17. |
- Lindström, Berner, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsbildning om IKT och lärande
- 2012
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Ingår i: Framtidens lärande 2012, invited address.. - Nacka Strand, Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Lindström, Caisa, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased prevalence of burnout symptoms in parents of chronically ill children
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:3, s. 427-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine the prevalence of burnout symptoms in the context of parenting a chronically ill child. Methods: A total of 252 parents of children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and 38 parents of children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases participated in a population-based study. A control group consisted of 124 randomly selected parents of healthy children. We used self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of burnout. Results: The main finding was that significantly more parents of children with chronic diseases (36%) scored for clinical burnout, compared with parents of healthy children (20%). Burnout symptoms were most prominent among mothers of children with diabetes, although fathers of children with diabetes and mothers and fathers of children with inflammatory bowel diseases also reported higher levels of various burnout symptoms. Conclusion: Burnout may be a useful model for understanding long-term parental responses and should be acknowledged among the different types of psychological consequences of the multi-faceted experience of parenting a child with chronic illness. Gender seems to influence the risk of burnout symptoms. Continued research about other background factors, and how the parents' situation changes over time are warranted. In the clinic, we need to draw attention to the group of parents who may suffer from burnout.
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| 19. |
- Lindström, Caisa, et al.
(författare)
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Parental burnout in relation to sociodemographic, psychosocial and personality factors as well as disease duration and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:7, s. 1011-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine associations between burnout and sociodemographic, psychosocial, personality and medical factors in parents of children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Methods: A total of 252 parents of children with T1DM participated in a population-based study. We used self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of burnout and background factors. Results: Psychosocial background factors were significantly associated with burnout in parents, whereas there were no associations between sociodemographic or medical factors and burnout. For both genders, parental burnout was associated with low social support, lack of leisure time, financial concerns and a perception that the child's disease affects everyday life. Low self-esteem and high need for control were risk factors for maternal burnout. Conclusion: In the screening of risk factors for long-term stress in parents of children with T1DM, we should recognize parents' attitudes as well as situational psychosocial issues. In clinics, we need to pay attention to the day-to-day life circumstances in the support of these parents. Certain factors were associated with the risk for burnout only for mothers, which warrant further investigation of gender aspects. Continued research about the causal relationship between the parental responsibility, psychosocial factors and burnout is warranted.
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| 20. |
- Lindström, Caisa, et al.
(författare)
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Parental burnout in relation to sociodemographic, psychosocial and personality factors as well as disease duration and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 100:7, s. 1011-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To examine associations between burnout and sociodemographic, psychosocial, personality and medical factors in parents of children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: A total of 252 parents of children with T1DM participated in a population-based study. We used self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of burnout and background factors. RESULTS: Psychosocial background factors were significantly associated with burnout in parents, whereas there were no associations between sociodemographic or medical factors and burnout. For both genders, parental burnout was associated with low social support, lack of leisure time, financial concerns and a perception that the child's disease affects everyday life. Low self-esteem and high need for control were risk factors for maternal burnout. CONCLUSION: In the screening of risk factors for long-term stress in parents of children with T1DM, we should recognize parents' attitudes as well as situational psychosocial issues. In clinics, we need to pay attention to the day-to-day life circumstances in the support of these parents. Certain factors were associated with the risk for burnout only for mothers, which warrant further investigation of gender aspects. Continued research about the causal relationship between the parental responsibility, psychosocial factors and burnout is warranted.
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| 21. |
- Lindström, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Schizofreni - läkemedelsbehandling, patientens delaktighet och vårdens organisation : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Schizofreni är i de flesta fall en kronisk och invalidiserande psykisk sjukdom. Antipsykotiska läkemedel (neuroleptika) är namnet på den grupp läkemedel som är avsedd att lindra de psykotiska symtomen som uppstår vid schizofreni. Antipsykotiska läkemedel kan indelas i första generationens antipsykotika och andra generationens antipsykotika. Denna litteraturöversikt kompletterar SBU:s systematiska översikt från år 1997 med en granskning av andra generationens antipsykotika. I översikten ingår också ett kapitel om den kunskap man idag har om hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin medverkan och sin delaktighet i behandling och vård. Dessutom ingår ett kapitel där man undersökt värdet av integrerade vårdformer för personer med olika psykiatriska tillstånd där huvuddelen av dem har schizofreni.
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| 22. |
- Sjöberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Sakrapport 2013 : Data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t.o.m. år 2013
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket, Enheten för luft och klimat, ansvarar för den nationella övervakningen av luftens och nederbördens kvalitet i bakgrundsmiljö. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL, ITM och SLU) till och med 2013 och modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2012.För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 10 och 30 år sedan, generellt skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider i dagsläget MKN för hälsa. För såväl marknära ozon, partiklar (i form av PM 2.5) och bensen (i urban bakgrund) finns risk för haltnivåer som överstiger miljömålens preciseringar.Försurande och övergödande ämnenLuftEn jämförelse mellan uppmätta halter i luft av SO2-S på 1980-talet och 2000-talet visar att den årliga medelhalten har minskat med cirka 90 % på EMEP-stationerna. När man jämför de svenska regionerna blir det tydligt att koncentrationen under 2000-talet var högst i Götaland-kust och Skåne samt Svealand-Stockholmsregionen och lägst i de västra delarna av norra Sverige. Årliga medelkoncentrationer av SO4-S i luft, uppmätta på EMEP-stationerna, har minskat med 65-70 % från 1980-talet till 2000-talet.En jämförelse mellan uppmätta halter i luft av NO2-N på 1980-talet och 2000-talet visar att de årliga medelkoncentrationerna vid EMEP-stationerna har minskat med 40 % i södra Sverige (Vavihill och Rörvik/Råö) och med 70 % i de västra delarna av norra Sverige (Bredkälen). Halterna i Bredkälen har dock varit låga (< 1 μg m-3) under hela perioden, med undantag för 2003.Jämförelsen mellan svenska regioner visar att halterna under 2000-talet varit högst i Svealand-Stockholmsregionen och lägst i de västra delarna av norra Sverige. Årliga medelkoncentrationer av NO3-N i luft, mätta vid EMEP-stationerna under 1986-2013, visar en tendens till att ha minskat något i södra Sverige (Vavihill). Mätningarna på övriga stationer uppvisar ingen märkbar trend. För NH4-N-koncentrationen i luft har årsmedelvärdet minskat med 30-35 % under motsvarande tidsperiod vid stationerna i södra Sverige (Vavihill och Rörvik/Råö).Halter i luft av Cl, Na, Mg, Ca och K har mätts vid EMEP-stationerna under 2009-2013. Generellt har årsmedelhalterna varit högst vid Råö (Hallands län) och lägst vid Bredkälen (Jämtlands län).Modelleringen av lufthalter utförs genom att kombinera observationer och modelldata till en kartläggning där mätningar respektive modeller kompletterar varandra i syfte att uppnå ett förbättrat kunskapsläge. Med hjälp av modellering kan föroreningshalterna i Sverige dessutom delas upp i halter orsakade av svenska emissioner och halter orsakade av emissioner utanför Sverige.Modelleringen visar att för reducerat kväve i luft varierar totalhalten för 2012 mellan som högst 1,7 μg N m-3 i söder och som lägst 0,09 μg N m-3 i nordligaste Sverige. För oxiderat kväve ses de högsta koncentrationerna i storstadsregionerna och varierar mellan 0,07 och 2,6 μg N m -3 över Sverige. För svaveldioxid varierar koncentrationen i luft mellan 0,03 och 1,9 μg S m-3 över Sverige, med högst värden vid storstäderna och Norrlandskusten. Över svenska landområden står Sveriges bidrag till totalhalterna år 2012 för 42 % för SO2, 39 % för NO2 och 35 % för NHx enligt modellering.Nederbörd och depositionDepositionen för flertalet ämnen var relativt låg under 2013 vilket främst kan förklaras av den låga nederbördsmängden.Uppmätta halter av olika ämnen i nederbörd över öppet fält består till största delen av våtdeposition, men i södra Sverige kan torrdepositionen uppgå till 40 % av den samlade depositionen. Ju längre norrut i Sverige desto lägre andel torrdeposition. Den statistiska analysen för nedfall med nederbörden (våtdepositionen) har koncentrerats till 2000-2013 uppdelat på tre olika områden i Sverige. De lokaler som ingått i analysen i de olika områdena är de lokaler som har full datatäckning under samtliga år. Ingen representativitets-aspekt för vilka lokaler som representerar de olika områdena har ingått i analysen.När det gäller nederbördsmängderna syns ingen statistiskt säkerställd trend i något område i Sverige. Våtdepositionen av svavel har minskat med 49-62 % under perioden 2000-2013 för alla tre områdena i Sverige. Mest har svaveldepositionen minskat i sydvästra Sverige och minst i norra Sverige där belastningen varit lägst. Vätejondepositionen, som kan användas som ett mått på den försurande belastningen, har även den minskat i samtliga områden sedan år 2000.Våtdepositionen av oorganiskt kväve (nitrat + ammoniumkväve) har under perioden 2000-2013 minskat signifikant i alla tre områdena i Sverige. Mest har depositionen av oorganiskt kväve minskat i sydöstra Sverige (30 %) och minst i norra Sverige (25 %). För enbart ammoniumkväve finns ingen statistiskt säkerställd förändring för något av de tre områdena. Nitratkväve däremot har minskat med 40 % i sydvästra Sverige och med 33 % i sydöstra Sverige sedan år 2000. I norra Sverige finns inga statistiskt säkerställda förändringar för nitratkväve. Man bör dock betänka att det endast är vid ett fåtal av de enskilda stationerna i de olika områdena som minskningen i våtdepositionen är statistiskt säkerställd, om man undantar nitratdepositionen i sydvästra Sverige som minskat vid 5 av 6 mätstationer.Modellering utförs genom att kombinera observationer och modelldata till en kartläggning där mätningar och modeller kompletterar varandra, i syfte att uppnå förbättrad kunskap. Mängden totaldeposition (våt och torr) till olika marktyper har också beräknats med modellsystemet och redovisas i denna rapport. Modelleringen visar att våtdepositionens andel av totaldepositionen är det största bidraget, t.ex. år 2012 för svavel (havssalt ingår ej) 73 %, för NHX 77 % och för NOY 80 %.Modelleringen visar att oxiderat kväve har högst totaldeposition i sydvästra Sverige och lägst i norra Norrland. För 2012 varierar totaldepositionen mellan 40 och 650 mg N m-2. Liknande mönster syns för reducerat kväve, där totaldepositionen varierar mellan 35 och 620 mg N m-2 under 2012. För svavel (exklusive havssalt) varierar totaldepositionen mellan 80 och 670 mg S m-2. Högst är depositionen i södra Sverige och längs Norrlandskusten, och lägst i Norrlands inland. Under 2012 orsakade de svenska emissionerna i genomsnitt 9 % av totaldepositionen för svavel (exklusive havssalt) över Sveriges landyta. Motsvarande siffra för oxiderat och reducerat kväve var 7 % respektive 17 %.TungmetallerHalterna av tungmetaller i luft och nederbörd är, med viss reservation för kvicksilver, lägre i Sverige än i många andra jämförbara EU-länder, främst till följd av vår nordliga position och våra förhållandevis låga inhemska emissioner. Årsmedelvärden av bly, nickel, kadmium och arsenik i luft i södra Sverige är som högst en faktor 10 gånger lägre än de tröskelvärden som anges i EU:s direktiv om halter i luft(2004/107/EG; 2008/50/EG) . Eftersom kvicksilver huvudsakligen uppträder som en gas, med lång uppehållstid i atmosfären, har metallen ett delvis annorlunda spridningsmönster än övriga tungmetaller. Numera är halterna av kvicksilver i luft och nederbörd i södra Sverige och i stora delar av Europa ungefär lika höga.Organiska miljögifterHalterna av PCB och klorerade pesticider i bakgrundsluft har generellt minskat sedan mätningarna startade 1996, men minskningen har klingat av och halterna under de senaste åren ligger i samma nivå.Under perioden 2009 till 2013 har halterna i luft av PAH, PCB och DDT varit högre i södra Sverige jämfört med norra Finland, medan α-HCH och klordaner har varit i samma nivå, vilket också gäller för depositionen.Pesticiderna aldrin, heptaklor, diuron, atrazin och isoproturon, vilka mäts på Råö, har endast kunnat detekteras i enstaka luft- och depositionsprover. Endosulfan (α-, β-endosulfan, endosulfan-sulfat) förekommer i samtliga luft- och depositionsprover från både Råö och Pallas.Sedan starten av mätningarna har BDE (47, 99, 100) i luft och deposition vid Pallas minskat för att nu ligga i samma storleksordning som vid Råö och Aspvreten. BDE-209 och HBCDD har endast detekterats vid enstaka tillfällen.Under 2009-2012 uppmättes vid de flesta tillfällen högre halter dioxiner/furaner i luften på svenska västkusten jämfört med östkusten, medan halten av klorparaffiner (SCCP) var högre på Aspvreten.Dessa mätningar, vars syfte är följa upp halter i luft och deposition av organiska miljögifter, visar att åtgärder som förbud mot användning, medför att halter i luft och deposition långsiktigt minskar. PCB förekommer dock fortfarande i luft vid svenska bakgrundsområden trots att användning för länge sedan stoppats. Minskningen av PCB-halterna går långsamt, vilket visar att det i samhället och i ekosystem har lagrats upp PCB. Vad gäller t.ex. PBDE syns en tydlig nedgång av halterna, vilket visar effekten av att dessa kemikalier har förbjudits inom EU.Växtskyddsmedel (pesticider)Högre halter och fler substanser av växtskyddsmedel påträffades i nederbörd från Vavihill i sydligaste Sverige jämfört med nederbörd från Aspvreten som ligger längre åt nordost (strax söder om Stockholm). S
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| 23. |
- Suchankova, Petra, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variation of the Ghrelin Signalling System in Individuals with Amphetamine Dependence
- 2013
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of amphetamine dependence largely depends on the effects of amphetamine in the brain reward systems. Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, activates the reward systems and is required for reward induced by alcohol, nicotine, cocaine and amphetamine in mice. Human genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms in the pre-proghrelin (GHRL) as well as GHS-R1A (GHSR) genes are associated with high alcohol consumption, increased weight and smoking in males. Since the heritability factor underlying drug dependence is shared between different drugs of abuse, we here examine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the GHRL and GHSR, and amphetamine dependence. GHRL and GHSR SNPs were genotyped in Swedish amphetamine dependent individuals (n = 104) and controls from the general population (n = 310). A case-control analysis was performed and SNPs and haplotypes were additionally tested for association against Addiction Severity Interview (ASI) composite score of drug use. The minor G-allele of the GHSR SNP rs2948694, was more common among amphetamine dependent individuals when compared to controls (pc = 0.02). A significant association between the GHRL SNP rs4684677 and ASI composite score of drug use was also reported (pc = 0.03). The haplotype analysis did not add to the information given by the individual polymorphisms. Although genetic variability of the ghrelin signalling system is not a diagnostic marker for amphetamine dependence and problem severity of drug use, the present results strengthen the notion that ghrelin and its receptor may be involved in the development of addictive behaviours and may thus serve as suitable targets for new treatments of such disorders.
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| 24. |
- Thalén-Lindström, Annika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety and depression in oncology patients : a longitudinal study of a screening, assessment and psychosocial support intervention
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 52:1, s. 118-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Anxiety and depression in cancer patients are associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Clinical interventions to detect and support patients with these symptoms need to be developed and evaluated. We investigated the feasibility of screening with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a clinical oncology setting. In patients with anxiety or depression symptoms (HADS >7) we explored the use of clinical assessment and psychosocial support and described the development of anxiety, depression and HRQOL during a six-month period. Material and methods. Four hundred and ninety-five consecutive patients were screened for anxiety and depression at the time of their first visit at an oncology department (baseline). Half of the patients with HADS >7 on any of the two HADS subscales were referred to clinical assessment and psychosocial support (intervention group, IG) and half received standard care (SCG) using a historical control group design. HADS and EORTC QLQ-C30 were completed at baseline and after one, three and six months. Results. One hundred and seventy-six (36%) of 495 patients had anxiety or depression symptoms at screening, HRQOL at baseline was clearly impaired for them. Thirty-six (43%) of 84 IG patients attended clinical assessment, resulting in subsequent psychosocial support for 20 (24%) of them. In the SCG, only five (5%) patients attended clinical assessment after self referral, two received subsequent psychosocial support. Anxiety and depression decreased and HRQOL increased statistically significantly over time although anxiety was frequent and HRQOL impaired during the entire six month period. There were no differences between the SCG and IG regarding anxiety, depression or HRQOL at any time point. Conclusion. Systematic screening with HADS is feasible for oncology patients in clinical settings; it identifies patients with persistent symptoms and increases referral to clinical assessment and utilisation of psychosocial support.
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| 25. |
- Thalén-Lindström, Annika
(författare)
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Screening and Assessment of Distress, Anxiety, and Depression in Cancer Patients
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims and Methods The overall aim was to evaluate methods of screening and assessment of distress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients. Further, to evaluate effects of a psychosocial intervention and to explore changes of distress, anxiety, depression, and HRQoL during six months. Study I included 495 consecutive patients screened with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at their first visit to an Oncology Department. Half of the patients with >7 on any of HADS subscales received standard care (SCG), and half received a psychosocial intervention (IG). To compare HADS with a thorough clinical assessment (CA), Study II included 171 identified patients representing both sexes, <65/≥65 years, and curative/palliative treatment intention.Results Screening with HADS identified anxiety or/and depression symptoms in 36% of the 495 patients. Thirty-six (43%) of 84 IG patients attended CA, resulting in support for 20 (24%) of them. There were no differences between SC and IG during follow-up, anxiety and depression decreased and HRQoL increased, although anxiety was still present and HRQoL impaired at six months. The Distress Thermometer (DT) ≥4 (sensitivity 87%, specificity 73%) is valid for screening of distress; its ability to measure changes over time is comparable to HADS. Of 319 patients screened with <8 on both HADS subscales, 196 (80%) were stable non-cases with HRQoL comparable to that of the general population and 49 (20%) patients were unstable non-cases, with deteriorated anxiety, depression, and HRQoL. >4 on HADS subscales may be useful for early detection of unstable non-cases. In Study II, HADS identified 49 (34%) and the CA 71 (49%) patients as having distress, anxiety or depression. CA identified more men and more young patients with distress than HADS did.Conclusion Screening and assessment identifies patients with persistent symptoms and increases access to CA and support. The DT may be used routinely in oncology care. When HADS is used, healthcare professionals should be aware of psychosocial problems perceived by patients but not covered by HADS. Most patients identified with distress seem to have resources to manage problems without needing additional support. Patients screened as non-cases indicate no need for re-assessment.
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| 26. |
- Thalén-Lindström, Annika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Distress Thermometer in a Swedish population of oncology patients; accuracy of changes during six months
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 17:5, s. 625-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To validate the Swedish version of the Distress Thermometer (DT) against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for screening of distress and to explore how well DT measures changes of distress during six months in a population of heterogeneous oncology patients. Methods: The DT was translated into Swedish according to the forward- and back-translation procedure. HADS total score >= 15 was used as gold standard. Consecutive patients were invited to participate at their first visit to the Oncology department. The HADS and the DT were completed at baseline and after I, 3 and 6 months. Results: 462 baseline and 321 six-month assessments were completed. The patients had a variety of cancer diagnoses (n = 42). Most patients (95%) received active treatment. The DT compared favourably with the HADS. The area under the curve was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90). DT >= 4 showed a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 73%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 52% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95% at baseline. The results from the 1, 3 and 6 months assessments were equivalent baseline results. The DT means changed in the same direction as HADS at all points of assessment. Patients with distress reported statistically significantly more problems in all categories on the associated 'Problem List' compared to non-distressed patients. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the DT with a score >= 4 is valid for screening of distress in heterogeneous oncology patients. Its ability to measure changes in distress over time is comparable to HADS. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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