| 1. |
- Ahnquist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Social determinants of health - A question of social or economic capital? Interaction effects of socioeconomic factors on health outcomes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 74:6, s. 930-939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social structures and socioeconomic patterns are the major determinants of population health. However, very few previous studies have simultaneously analysed the "social" and the "economic" indicators when addressing social determinants of health. We focus on the relevance of economic and social capital as health determinants by analysing various indicators. The aim of this paper was to analyse independent associations, and interactions, of lack of economic capital (economic hardships) and social capital (social participation, interpersonal and political/institutional trust) on various health outcomes. Data was derived from the 2009 Swedish National Survey of Public Health, based on a randomly selected representative sample of 23,153 men and 28,261 women aged 16-84 year, with a participation rate of 53.8%. Economic hardships were measured by a combined economic hardships measure including low household income, inability to meet expenses and lacking cash reserves. Social capital was measured by social participation, interpersonal (horizontal) trust and political (vertical/institutional trust) trust in parliament. Health outcomes included; (i) self-rated health, (i) psychological distress (GHQ-12) and (iii) musculoskeletal disorders. Results from multivariate logistic regression show that both measures of economic capital and low social capital were significantly associated with poor health status, with only a few exceptions. Significant interactive effects measured as synergy index were observed between economic hardships and all various types of social capital. The synergy indices ranged from 1.4 to 2.3. The present study adds to the evidence that both economic hardships and social capital contribute to a range of different health outcomes. Furthermore, when combined they potentiate the risk of poor health. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ahnquist, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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What has trust in the health-care system got to do with psychological distress? Analyses from the national Swedish survey of public health
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3677 .- 1353-4505. ; 22:4, s. 250-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental health disorders are a rapidly growing public health problem. Despite the fact that lack of trust in the health-care system is considered to be an important determinant of health, there is scarcity of empirical evidence demonstrating its associations with health outcomes. This is the first study which aims to evaluate the association between trust in the health-care system and psychological distress. Cross-sectional study. The association between trust in the health-care system and psychological distress was analysed with multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for other factors. A randomly selected representative sample of women and men aged 16-84 years from the Swedish population who responded to the 2006 Swedish National Survey of Public Health. A total of 26 305 men and 30 584 women participated in the study. None. The main outcome measure was psychological distress measured by the General Health Questionnaire. Very low trust in health-care services was associated with an increased risk for psychological distress among men (odds ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence intervals 1.25-2.02) and among women (odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence intervals 1.47-2.27) after controlling for age, country of birth, socioeconomic circumstances, long-term illness and interpersonal trust. Our results suggest that health-care system mistrust is associated with an increased likelihood of psychological distress. Although causal relationships cannot be established, patient mistrust of health-care providers may have detrimental implications on health. Public health policies should include strategies aimed at increasing access to health-care services, where trust plays a substantial role.
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| 3. |
- Lindström, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting ad-hoc re-planning and shareability at large-scale events
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP '10). ACM, NewYork, NY.. - New York, New York, USA : ACM Press. - 9781450303873 ; , s. 245-252
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I denna artikel presenterar vi resultat från ett forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt som fokuserar på användningen av mobiltelefoner på en musikfestival. Vårt syfte är att undersöka hur festivalupplevelsen kan förbättras med införandet av mobila tjänster. Två frågor tas upp: Finns det några öppningar för nya tjänster som stödjer grupper vid storskaliga evenemang? Om så är fallet, vilka designutmaningar kan identifieras som viktiga att beakta för att förbättra festivalupplevelsen? Vår slutsats är att det finns flera öppningar för nya tjänster som stödjer grupper vid storskaliga evenemang. Vi identifierar två viktiga designutmaningar när man skapar nya tjänster: att stödja ad hoc-omplanering och delbarhet. Studien bidrar till utvecklingen av bättre anpassade tjänstedesigner och teknik i mobila miljöer, som denna musikfestival, samt andra storskaliga evenemang.
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| 4. |
- Lindström, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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A Puzzling Migratory Detour: Are Fueling Conditions In Alaska Driving The Movement Of Juvenile Sharp-Tailed Sandpipers?
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Condor: ornithological applications. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0010-5422. ; 113:1, s. 129-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Making a detour can be advantageous to a migrating bird if fuel-deposition rates at stopover sites along the detour are considerably higher than at stopover sites along a more direct route. One example of an extensive migratory detour is that of the Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (Calidris acuminata), of which large numbers of juveniles are found during fall migration in western Alaska. These birds take a detour of 1500-3400 km from the most direct route between their natal range in northeastern Siberia and nonbreeding areas in Australia. We studied the autumnal fueling rates and fuel loads of 357 Sharp-tailed Sandpipers captured in western Alaska. In early September the birds increased in mass at a rate of only 0.5% of lean body mass day(-1). Later in September, the rate of mass increase was about 6% of lean body mass day(-1), among the highest values found among similar-sized shorebirds around the world. Some individuals more than doubled their body mass because of fuel deposition, allowing non-stop flight of between 7100 and 9800 km, presumably including a trans-oceanic flight to the southern hemisphere. Our observations indicated that predator attacks were rare in our study area, adding another potential benefit of the detour. We conclude that the most likely reason for the Alaskan detour is that it allows juvenile Sharp-tailed Sand-pipers to put on large fuel stores at exceptionally high rates.
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