| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hillier, Ladeana W, et al.
(författare)
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Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 432:7018, s. 695-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Larsson, Erik G., et al.
(författare)
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An algorithm for joint symbol timing and channel estimation for OFDM systems
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proc. of IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal Processing. 2001. - 0780370112 ; , s. 393-396
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the problem of joint synchronization and channel estimation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A new algorithm is proposed that estimates the channel and symbol timing simultaneously by using a technique based on maximum-likelihood (ML) theory and the generalized Akaike information criterion (GAIC). Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithm by simulation results.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Erik G., et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution SAR imaging with angular diversity
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9251 .- 1557-9603 .- 2371-9877. ; 37:4, s. 1359-1372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose to use the APES (amplitude and phase estimation) approach for the spectral estimation of gapped data and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with angular diversity. A relaxation-based algorithm, referred to as GAPES (Gapped-data APES), is proposed, which includes estimating the spectrum via APES and filling in the gaps via a least squares (LS) fitting. For SAR imaging with angular diversity data fusion, we perform one-dimensional (1-D) windowed fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) in range, use the GAPES algorithm to interpolate the gaps in the aperture for each range, apply 1-D inverse FFTs (IFFTs) and dewindow in range, and finally apply the two-dimensional (2-D) APES algorithm to the interpolated matrix to obtain the 2-D SAR image. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Erik G., et al.
(författare)
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Joint symbol timing and channel estimation for OFDM based WLANs
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1089-7798 .- 1558-2558 .- 2373-7891. ; 5:8, s. 325-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing access technique has been attracting considerable interest especially for wireless local area networks (WLANs). We consider the joint estimation of the symbol timing, the channel length and the channel-impulse response. A novel estimation algorithm based on maximum-likelihood principles and the generalized Akaike information criterion are proposed. We provide simulation results to illustrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Erik G., et al.
(författare)
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Spectral estimation of gapped data and SAR imaging with angular diversity
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4382. - : SPIE. ; , s. 60-71
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Amplitude and Phase EStimation (APES) approach to amplitude spectrum estimation has been receiving considerably attention recently. We develop an extension of APES for the spectral estimation of gapped (incomplete) data and apply it to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with angular diversity. It has recently been shown that APES minimizes a certain least-squares criterion with respect to the estimate of the spectrum. Our new algorithm is called gapped-data APES and is based on minimizing this criterion with respect to the missing data as well. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its applicability to SAR imaging with angular diversity.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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A circuit-switched network architecture for network-on-chip
- 2004
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Ingår i: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOC CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS. - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 0780384458 ; , s. 55-58
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a circuit-switched network architecture for Network-on-Chip. It uses time-division-multiplexing (TDM) scheme to realize the circuits. The global routing (slot assignment) is done centrally, while the slot mapping is done locally by the switches. The switches support multicast operation, which enables multicast traffic. Furthermore, the delay in the network is predictable before a circuit is established and in-order data delivery is guaranteed.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Jian
(författare)
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Delection mapping of human 3p in major epithelial types of cancer and fine localization of candidate tumor suppressor genes
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Allele loss and deletion mapping using microsatellite markers and the detection of homozygous deletions represented until now the most powerful method to localize potential TSGs. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving several chromosome 3p regions accompanied by chromosome 3p deletions are detected in almost 100% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), small (SCLCs) and more than 90% of non-small (NSCLC) cell lung cancers. These 3p genetic alterations led to the conclusion that short arm of human chromosome 3 contains several tumor suppressor gene(s) (TSGs). A number of studies were done to perform fine mapping and localize TSG more precisely but they had low efficiency. Reports differ, for example, on the extent of 3p losses in different tumors, with some papers reporting large terminal deletions, and others claiming interstitial deletions. Reports for the frequency of LOH also differ for the same marker in the same type of tumor. One of the reasons for these discrepancies is that admixtures of stroma, blood vessels, lymphocytes and other normal cells in the tumor samples were unavoidable sources of error in LOH studies of solid tumors. To test the potential impact of this problem, we developed novel approach that we call AlleleTitration-Assay (ATA). In ATA experiments, we prepared artificial mixtures of mouse-human microcell hybrid cell lines that carried different alleles of the same chromosome 3 marker. We have demonstrated that normal tissue admixtures will be less of a problem when LOH affects an H allele than with an L allele. The results suggested that about 50% of the L-allele deletions in tumor samples might go undetected. We suggested new L-allele rules for the evaluation of LOH experiments to avoid this bias. Comparative genome hybridization (CGH) method allows analyzing the whole chromosome but CGH is still not sensitive enough to detect deletion region smaller than 1-2 Mb and cannot detect allele losses. Using both CGH and LOH will lead to exploitation of their advantages and will limit their disadvantages. ATA rules combined with CGH and LOH analysis of RCC cell lines and biopsies confirmed the presence of interstitial deletions and opened the way for the mapping of candidate TSGs. We concluded that there are two main frequently affected regions in 3p that can harbor candidate tumor genes: 3p21.3 telomeric or 3p21.3T, including AP20 region and 3p21.3 centromeric or 3p21.3C, including LUCA region. Since the resolution of CGH method is rather low, we decided to use a much more sensitive, rapid and quantitative method, termed quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate 3p genetic changes in carcinogenesis. This technology does not require polymorphic markers, and any marker is informative for any cancer case. Two nonpolymorphic STS markers (NLJ-003 and NL3-001) located in the AP20 and LUCA regions, respectively, were used for quantitative real-time PCR as TaqMan probes. LOH analysis was verified using L-allele rules, real-time quantitative PCR and Southern hybridization. Significant (85%) correlation was found between DNA copy numbers for NLJ-003 and NL3-001 markers and LOH data for adjacent polymorphic loci. The real-time PCR data were consistent with the Southern data too. The results of the study allows to make at least two conclusions. First amplification of 3p is very common (15%-42.5%) in studied cancers and probably in other epithelial malignancies. Therefore, microsatellite deletion data should be evaluated carefully as allelic imbalances mean not only deletions but also amplifications. Second, the data showed that aberrations of either NLJ-003 or NL3-001 were detected in more than 90% of all studied cases. Homozygous deletions were detected in 10%-18% of all cases in NLJ3-001 or NL3-001 loci. The exceptionally high level of chromosome aberrations in NLJ003 and NL3-001 loci suggests that multiple TSG(s) involved in different malignancies are located very near to these markers. Careful analysis of 15 homozygous deletions in NL3-001 allowed to establish that the smallest region homozygously deleted in 3p21.3C is located between D3S1568 (CACNA2D2 gene) and D3S4604 (SEMA3F gene) and contains 17 genes previously defined as lung cancer candidate TSG(s). Mapping of 19 homozygous deletions in AP20 region resulted in localization of the smallest region homozygously deleted in 3p21.3T. It was flanked by D3S1298 and D3S3623. Only 4 genes are located there, namely APRG1, ITGA9, HYA22 and VILL, which need to be analysed.
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| 11. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1053-587X .- 1941-0476. ; 49:8, s. 1786-1795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much attention due to its potentials offered by fully exploiting the spatial and temporal diversities of multiple transmit and receive antennas. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was previously proposed for demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. However, this technique is sensitive to interference and is likely to deteriorate or even break down in a wireless environment, where interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals exist. We propose a new coding and modulation scheme, referred to as the differential space-code modulation (DSCM), which is interference resistant. Our focus is on single-user communications. We show that DSCM outperforms DSTM significantly when interference is present. This advantage is achieved at the cost of a lower data rate or a wider bandwidth or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, a high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme is also presented, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit-error rate (BER), while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 12. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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Differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA systems
- 2002
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Ingår i: EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing. - 1687-6172 .- 1687-6180. ; :3, s. 289-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A differential space-time block code (DSTBC) modulation scheme is used to improve the performance of DS-CDMA systems in fast time-dispersive fading channels. The resulting scheme is referred to as the differential space-time block code modulation for DS-CDMA (DSTBC-CDMA) systems. The new modulation and demodulation schemes are especially studied for the down-link transmission of DS-CDMA systems. We present three demodulation schemes, referred to as the differential space-time block code Rake (D-Rake) receiver, differential space-time block code deterministic (D-Det) receiver, and differential space-time block code deterministic de-prefix (D-Det-DP) receiver, respectively. The D-Det receiver exploits the known information of the spreading sequences and their delayed paths deterministically besides the Rake type combination; consequently, it can outperform the D-Rake receiver, which employs the Rake type combination only. The D-Det-DP receiver avoids the effect of intersymbol interference and hence can offer better performance than the D-Det receiver.
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| 13. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Global routing for multicast-supporting TDM network-on-chip
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2004 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM-ON-CHIP, PROCEEDINGS. - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 0780385586 ; , s. 17-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a circuit-switched network architecture for Network-on-Chip. It uses the time-division-multiplexing (TDM) scheme to realize the circuits. The global routing (slot assignment at each switch) is done centrally, while the slot mapping is done locally by the switches. The switches support multicast operation, which enables multicast traffic. Furthermore, the delay in the network is predictable before a circuit is established and in-order data delivery is guaranteed
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| 14. |
- Liu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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High-rate differential space-code modulation for interference suppression
- 2001
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Ingår i: 2001 IEEE Third Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC'01). Workshop Proceedings. - 0780367200 ; , s. 283-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space-time coding has been receiving much research attention recently due to the potential offered by fully exploiting spatial and temporal diversity. A differential space-time modulation (DSTM) scheme was recently proposed to perform demodulation without channel state information, which is attractive in fast fading channels where accurate channel estimates are difficult to obtain. More recently, a differential space-code modulation (DSCM) scheme, which is an improvement of DSTM for combating interference (including intentional and unintentional jamming) signals, was proposed. DSCM significantly outperforms DSTM when interference is present. This advantage, however, is achieved at the cost of a lower transmission rate, a wider bandwidth, or a combination of both. To alleviate this problem, we extend DSCM to a so-called high-rate DSCM (HR-DSCM) scheme, which increases the data rate considerably at the cost of a slightly higher bit error rate, while still maintaining the interference suppression capability.
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| 15. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Interconnect intellectual property for Network-on-Chip (NoC)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of systems architecture. - : Elsevier BV. - 1383-7621 .- 1873-6165. ; 50:2-3, s. 65-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As technology scales down, the interconnect for on-chip global communication becomes the delay bottleneck. In order to provide well-controlled global wire delay and efficient global communication, a Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture was proposed by different authors [Route packets, not wires: on-chip interconnection networks, in: Design Automation Conference, 2001, Proceedings, p. 684; Network on chip: an architecture for billion transistor era, in: Proceeding of the IEEE NorChip Conference, November 2000; Network on chip, in: Proceedings of the Conference Radio vetenskap och Kommunication, Stockholm, June 2002]. NoC uses Interconnect Intellectual Property (IIP) to connect different resources. Within an IIP, the switch has the central function. Depending on the network core of the NoC, the switch will have different architectures and implementations. This paper first briefly introduces the concept of NoC. It then studies NoC from an interconnect point of view and makes projections on future NoC parameters. At last, the IIP and its components are described, the switch is studied in more detail and a time-space-time (TST) switch designed for a circuit switched time-division multiplexing (TDM) NoC is proposed. This switch supports multicast traffic and is implemented with random access memory at the input and output. The input and output are then connected by a fully connected interconnect network.
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| 16. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Boswellic acids trigger apoptosis via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent on Fas/Fas ligand interaction in colon cancer HT-29 cells.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 23:12, s. 2087-2093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boswellic acids are the effective components of gum resin of Boswellia serrata, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies on brain tumors and leukemic cells indicate that boswellic acids may have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects with the mechanisms being not studied in detail. We studied their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on colon cancer cells and the pathway leading to apoptosis. HT-29 cells were treated with ß-boswellic acid (BA), keto-ß-boswellic acid (K-BA) and acetyl-keto-ß-boswellic acid (AK-BA), respectively. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, by cytoplasmic DNA–histone complex and the activity of caspase-3. The cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) and expression of Fas were examined by western blot. Specific caspase inhibitors, polyclonal Fas antibody, and antagonistic Fas antibody ZB4 were employed to elucidate apoptotic pathways. DNA synthesis and cell viability were examined. Both K-BA and AK-BA increased cytoplasmic DNA–histone complex dose-dependently and increased pre-G1 peak in flow cytometer analysis, with the effects of AK-BA being stronger than K-BA. BA only increased the formation of DNA–histone complex at a high concentration. K-BA and AK-BA increased caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities accompanied by cleavage of PARP. The effects of AK-BA on formation of cytoplasmic DNA histone and on caspase-3 activation were 3.7- and 3.4-fold, respectively, more effective than those induced by camptothecin. The apoptosis induced by AK-BA was inhibited completely by caspase-3 or caspase-8 inhibitor and partially by caspase-9 inhibitor. ZB4 blocked exogenous Fas ligand-induced apoptosis, but had no effect on AK-BA-induced apoptosis. AK-BA had no significant effect on expression of Fas. Apart from apoptotic effect, these acids also inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation and cell viability to different extent. In conclusion, boswellic acids, particularly AK-BA and K-BA have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human HT-29 cells. The apoptotic effect is mediated via a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation but independent of Fas/FasL interaction.
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| 17. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatic cirrhosis increases sensitivity of kidney to endotoxin in rats
- 2002
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Ingår i: Medical Science Monitor. - 1643-3750. ; 8:2, s. 56-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Renal failure in cirrhotic patients is a severe complication and endotoxemia might be involved. We investigated the effect of endotoxin on renal function of cirrhotic rats and the potential protective role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). MATERIAL/METHODS: Hepatic cirrhosis was generated in a rat model by carbon tetrachloride. Both cirrhotic and normal rats were insulted by endotoxin intravenously, while another cirrhotic group was pre-treated with NAC. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were assayed eight hours later. The changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were assayed by ELISA. The histological changes in the kidney were observed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Endotoxin increased the BUN and creatinine levels in both normal and cirrhotic rats, with a much higher elevation in the latter group. TNF-a concentration was also increased by endotoxin; the changes are positively correlated with BUN and creatinine. NAC pretreatment significantly attenuates the effects of endotoxin on BUN, creatinine and TNF-a levels in cirrhotic rats with no improvement in systemic toxicity symptoms. There were no obvious histological changes in the kidney of these animals. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic cirrhosis increased the sensitivity of renal function to endotoxemia, which may be protected by NAC.
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| 18. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro effects of fat, FA, and cholesterol on sphingomyelin hydrolysis induced by rat intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Lipids. - : Wiley. - 0024-4201 .- 1558-9307. ; 37:5, s. 469-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary sphingomyelin (SM) may have regulatory effects on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in the colon. Alkaline sphingomyelinase (SMase) is the major enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of SM in the gut. Previously we purified the enzyme and showed that the presence of glycerophospholipids inhibited SM hydrolysis induced by alkaline SMase in vitro. In the present work, we studied the effects of TG, DG, FA, ceramide, and cholesterol on SM hydrolysis catalyzed by purified alkaline SMase. The results showed that both TG (triolein and tristearin) and DG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol and 1,2-distearoyl-rac-glycerol) inhibited the activity of alkaline SMase. 1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol, 1-monostearoyl-rac-glycerol, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid stimulated the activity of alkaline SMase at 0.4-0.8 mM concentrations but inhibited the enzyme at higher concentrations. There was no difference between the effects induced by saturated and unsaturated FA. A short-chain FA such as lauric acid had a stronger stimulatory effect at low concentrations and weaker inhibitory effect at high concentrations than long-chain FA. Choosing linoleic acid as an example, we found that FA had similar effects on both alkaline SMase and neutral SMase. Cholesterol and ceramide when mixed with FA to increase its solubility in bile salt micelles inhibited SMase activity. In conclusion, glycerides, FA, ceramide, and cholesterol influence SM hydrolysis catalyzed by intestinal alkaline SMase. The presence of lipids in the diet may thus influence the course of SM digestion in the gut and thereby the exposure of colon to SM metabolites.
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| 19. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Keto- and acetyl-keto-boswellic acids inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in Hep G2 cells via a caspase-8 dependent pathway.
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Medicine. - 1791-244X. ; 10:4, s. 501-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boswellic acids are the compounds isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata and have been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases for many years in the countries of the east. Recently, a few studies showed that the acids may have anti-cancer effect on leukemia and brain tumours. We investigated the apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of two types of boswellic acids, keto-beta-boswellic acid and acetyl-keto-beta-boswellic acid, on liver cancer Hep G2 cells. After treating the cells with the boswellic acids, cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and apoptosis were analysed. The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were assayed. To explore the apoptotic pathway, specific caspase inhibitors were employed. It was found that boswellic acids decreased cell viability and [3H]thymidine incorporation, checked the cells in the G1 phase, and increased percentage of sub-G1. Boswellic acids strongly induced apoptosis accompanied by activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. The apoptosis was blocked completely by caspase-8 or caspase-3 inhibitor, but inhibited partly by caspase-9 inhibitor. However, these caspase inhibitors did not show any effect on the alternations of cell viability caused by boswellic acids. In conclusion, boswellic acids have anti-proliferation and anti-cancer effects on Hep G2 cells. The apoptotic effect is mediated by a pathway dependent on caspase-8 activation. The acids may be a promising drug for the chemoprevention of liver cancer.
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| 20. |
- Liu, Jian-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Sulindac induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and activates caspase-3 in Hep G2 cells
- 2002
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 22:1A, s. 263-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It has recently been reported that sulindac has an apoptotic effect on KYN-2 cells, an undifferentiated hepatoma cell line. The present work investigates whether sulindac also has an apoptotic effect on well-differentiated hepatoma cells and what its potential mechanism might be. Materials and Methods: Hep G2 cells were treated with sulindac at different concentrations. Apoptosis rate, cell proliferation and 3H-thymidine incorporation were measured. The activities of caspase-3, acid and neutral sphingomyelinase and the changes of sphingomyelin content were also assayed. Results: Sulindac dose-dependently induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells; both sulindac sulfone and sulfide had similar effects. The apoptosis was accompanied by an increase 3 of caspase-3 activity and a decrease of cell proliferation and H-3-thymidine incorporation. No significant change could be observed for the activity of sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin content. Conclusion: Sulindac induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in Hep G2 cells. The effect may, be mediated by, a pathway related to caspase-3 activation but independent of sphingomyelin metabolism.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity of familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutants from selective recruitment to spinal mitochondria
- 2004
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 43:1, s. 5-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is mutation in ubiquitously expressed copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), but the mechanism of toxicity to motor neurons is unknown. Multiple disease-causing mutants, but not wild-type SOD1, are now demonstrated to be recruited to mitochondria, but only in affected tissues. This is independent of the copper chaperone for SOD1 and dismutase activity. Highly preferential association with spinal cord mitochondria is seen in human ALS for a mutant SOD1 that accumulates only to trace cytoplasmic levels. Despite variable proportions that are successfully imported, nearly constant amounts of SOD1 mutants and covalently damaged adducts of them accumulate as apparent import intermediates and/or are tightly aggregated or crosslinked onto integral membrane components on the cytoplasmic face of those mitochondria. These findings implicate damage from action of spinal cord-specific factors that recruit mutant SOD1 to spinal mitochondria as the basis for their selective toxicity in ALS.
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| 23. |
- Shen, Meigen, et al.
(författare)
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Chip-package co-design for high performance and reliability off-chip communications
- 2004
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IEEE CPMT CONFERENCE ON HIGH DENSITY MICROSYSTEM DESIGN AND PACKAGING AND COMPONENT FAILURE ANALYSIS (HDP'04). - NEW YORK : IEEE. - 0780386205 ; , s. 31-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low interaction between chip and package has more and more limited system performance. In this paper, chip-package co-design methodology is presented. We address high performance and reliability enhancement for off-chip communications under package and interconnection constraints by using impedance control, optimal package pins assignment and transmitter equalization. From the high-speed transmitter design example, it is shown that the system-level performances such as signal integrity, bandwidth, and reliability are significantly improved through this co-design methodology.
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| 24. |
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