| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes
- 2008
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In: Autophagy. - : Landes Bioscience. - 1554-8627 .- 1554-8635. ; 4:2, s. 151-175
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,1 and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.2,3 There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Pertl, Leonhard, et al.
(author)
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Exports and Productivity : Comparable Evidence for 14 Countries
- 2007
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In: Policy Research Working Papers. - New York : World Bank. - 1813-9450.
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Reports (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors use comparable micro level panel data for 14 countries and a set of identically specified empirical models to investigate the relationship between exports and productivity. The overall results are in line with the big picture that is by now familiar from the literature: Exporters are more productive than non-exporters when observed and unobserved heterogeneity are controlled for, and these exporter productivity premia tend to increase with the share of exports in total sales; there is strong evidence in favour of self-selection of more productive firms into export markets, but nearly no evidence in favour of the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. The authors document that the exporter premia differ considerably across countries in identically specified empirical models. In a meta-analysis of their results the authors find that countries that are more open and have more effective government report higher productivity premia. However, the level of development per se does not appear to be an explanation for the observed cross-country differences.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Da Silva Fariña, Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Design and implementation of a Java Fault Injector for Exhaustif SWIFI tool
- 2009
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In: Proceedings of 2009 4th International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems, DepCos-RELCOMEX 2009. - 9780769536743 ; , s. 77-83
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Java is a successful programming environment and its use has grown from little embedded applications until enterprise network servers based on J2EE. This intensive use of Java demands the validation of their fault tolerance mechanisms to avoid unexpected behavior of the applications at runtime. This paper describes the design and implementation of a fault injector for the "Exhaustif®" SWIFI tool. Aspecific fault model for java applications that include class corruption/substitution at loading time, method call interception and unexpected exception thrown is proposed. The injector uses the JVMTI (JavaVirtual Machine Tool Interface) to perform bytecode instrumentation at runtime to carry out the fault model previously defined. Finally a XML formalization of the specific Java fault model is proposed. This approach, JVMTI + XML fault model description, provides complete independency between the system under test and the fault injection tool, as well the interoperability with another SWIFI tools.
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| 6. |
- Da Silva Fariña, Antonio, et al.
(author)
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Exhaustif : a fault injection tool for distributed heterogeneous embedded systems
- 2007
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In: Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems - Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems, EATIS 2007. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781595935984 ; , s. Article number a17-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents Exhaustif®, a SWIFI fault injection tool for fault tolerance verification and the validation of embedded software in distributedheterogeneous systems. Exhaustif® mainly consists of two parts: EEM and FIK. Exhaustif® Executive Manager (EEM) is a GUI Java application to define the fault injection campaign that uses a SQL database to save the test results obtained from the System under Test (SUT) in order to carry out a post injection data analysis. FIK is under the command of EEM to cary out fault injections in applications running under diverse operating systems using pure SWIFI techniques. Exhaustif® carries out floating point register and memory corruptions using temporary triggers and uses an optimized routine interception mechanism to cany out argument and return value corruption with a minimal time overhead. Two experimentalFault Injector Kernels (FIK) under the RTEMS operating system for an EADS-Astrium SPARC ERC32-based MCM processor board and i386 standard PC mainboard have been developed.
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| 8. |
- Hernández, Vicente, et al.
(author)
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Security framework for dpws compliant devices
- 2009
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In: 2009 THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING SECURITY INFORMATION, SYSTEMS, AND TECHNOLOGIES. - 9781424443086 ; , s. 87-92
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
- Lopez, Lourdes, et al.
(author)
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ASA : advanced secure architecture for preventing unauthorized access in personal computer platforms and BIOS
- 2007
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In: Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems - Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems, EATIS 2007. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781595935984 ; , s. Article number a18-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper proposes an architecture for Personal Computers (PC) to avoid BIOS alteration and unauthorized access to resources. This proposal is based on results obtained from study of most popular PC platforms security mechanisms. Authentication controls which are established in PC platform in order to grant operating system booting or BIOS integrity of code mechanism incorporated to secureand avoid executing disallowed code are quite easy to break. The architecture described in the present work (Advanced Secure Architecture - ASA) increase the overall information and system security since prevents an unauthorized platform booting and it provides procedures for BIOS code authentication. On the other hand, ASA overcomes the users' authentication challenge in a corporative environment as well as it offers a very flexible way to specify the Personal Computers Corporation set that a user is allowed to access.
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| 12. |
- Lopez-Pastor, Mercedes, et al.
(author)
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Containerless reaction monitoring in ionic liquids by means of Raman microspectroscopy
- 2007
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In: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0189. ; 7:1, s. 126-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reaction monitoring by Raman microspectroscopy in levitated room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) droplets is reported. Due to their non-volatility, RTIL droplets are well-suited to act as wall-less microreactors. The droplets were produced by a piezoelectric flow-through microdispenser connected to an automated flow injection system and were levitated by an acoustic trap. Taking advantage of the flow system versatility, the sequence of reagents was easily changed to study a model organic reaction: the Knoevenagel condensation. The reaction was followed by Raman microspectrometry and the obtained spectra were analysed using multivariate curve resolution to retrieve the concentration profiles and pure spectra of reactants, intermediates and products involved in the reaction. In addition, information about solvation interactions was obtained by monitoring the desolvation process taking place when a volatile co-solvent evaporated from the droplet.
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| 13. |
- Martínez-Ortega, José-Fernán, et al.
(author)
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An approach for applying multi-agent technology into wireless sensor networks
- 2007
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In: Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems - Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems, EATIS 2007. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781595935984 ; , s. Article number a22-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present work describes how the concepts and foundations defined for multi-agent system technology can be applied in to a Wireless SensorNetwork (WSN), specifically it is focused on how multi-agent system technology's mechanisms and implementations could facilitate the development of systems based on WSN. In this respect, an architectural model where the above mentioned concepts, foundations and mechanisms come together is proposed, in order to define applications and services on WSN. Validation of the proposed architecture is made by means of its use in a perimeter security scenario ("tracking"). It is important to mention, that partial results of this work have been developed in the project PROPSI (Perimeter Protection by means of Wireless Sensor Networks).
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Martínez-Ortega, José-Fernán, et al.
(author)
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QoS in wireless sensor networks : survey and approach
- 2007
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In: Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems - Proceedings of the 2007 Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems, EATIS 2007. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. - 9781595935984 ; , s. Article number a20-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a computer wireless network composed of spatially distributed and autonomous tiny nodes - smart dustsensors, motes -, which cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Nowadays these kinds of networks support a wide range of applications, such as target tracking, security, environmental control, habitat monitoring, source detection, source localization, vehicular and traffic monitoring, health monitoring, building and industrial monitoring, etc. Many of these applications have strong requirements for end-to-end delay and losses during data transmissions. In this work we have classified the main mechanisms that have been proposed to provide Quality of Service (QoS) in WSN at Medium Access Control (MAC) and network layers. Finally, taking into account some particularities of the studied MAC- andnetwork-layer protocols, we have selected a real application scenario in order to show how to choose an appropriate approach for guaranteeing performance in a WSN deployed application.
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| 16. |
- Martínez-Ortega, José-Fernán, et al.
(author)
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Trade-off between performance and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks
- 2007
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In: Self-Organizing Systems. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540749165 ; , s. 264-271
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nowadays WSNs support applications such as target tracking, environmental control or vehicles traffic monitoring. Generally, these applications have strong and strict requirements for end-to-end delaying and loosing during data transmissions. In this paper, we propose a practical scenario for application of the WSN field in order to illustrate selection of an appropriate approach for guaranteeing performance in a WSN-deployed application. The methodology we have used includes four major phases: 1) Requirements analysis of the application scenario; 2) QoS modelling in different layers of the communications protocol stack and selection of more suitable QoS protocols and mechanisms; 3) Definition of a simulation model based on an application scenario, to which we applied the protocols and mechanisms selected in phase 2; 4) Validation of decisions by means of simulation; and 5) analysis of results. This work has being partially developed in the framework of the CRISAL - M0700204174 project (partially funded by “Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” and “Comunidad de Madrid”, Spain).
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| 17. |
- Morandeira, Ana, et al.
(author)
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Ru(II)-phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells : the influence of co-adsorbents upon interfacial electron transfer kinetics
- 2009
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In: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 19:28, s. 5016-5026
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The development of efficient red sensitizer dyes is essential for the optimization of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical solar cells. Ru-phthalocyanines are good candidates because they show high absorbance in the red while their axial ligands hinder the formation of aggregates, a recurrent problem among phthalocyanine dyes. In this paper, we present the photophysics and photovoltaic device performance for a series of novel Ru-phthalocyanines. We focus in particular upon the origin of the enhancement in device performance observed in the presence of two additives, Li+ and chenodeoxycholic acid. The addition of Li+ lowers the conduction band edge of the TiO2 semiconductor leading to a higher electron injection yield and a higher photocurrent in the device. The increases in injection yield and photocurrent are large for these sensitizers, compared to the widely studied ruthenium bipyridyl dye N719, due to the relatively slow injection dynamics, emphasizing the importance of injection yield in limiting device performance for this Ru-phthalocyanine dye series. Of particular interest is the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid. This coadsorbent dramatically enhances the photocurrent of the studied devices without lowering the photovoltage. Unlike previous studies, in this case the photocurrent rise can not be attributed to an increment in the electron injection yield due to the effect of the coadsorbent hindering the formation of dye aggregates. Photophysical measurements instead show that the slower recombination of dye cations with the TiO2, electrons and faster regeneration of the dye cations by the electrolyte are the reasons for the enhanced photocurrent.
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| 23. |
- Serrato, Antonio Jesús, et al.
(author)
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Changing sugar partitioning in FBPase-manipulated plants
- 2009
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In: Journal of Experimental Botany. - Oxford : Clarendon Press. - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 60:10, s. 2923-2931
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This review offers an overview of the current state of our knowledge concerning the role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) in sugar partitioning and biosynthesis, through the analysis of genetically manipulated plants. The existence of two well-characterized isoforms is a consequence of the subcellular compartmentalization of photosynthetic eukaryotes, conditioning their respective regulatory mechanisms and their influence over plant metabolism and photosynthesis. Both isoforms are important, as has been deduced from previous work with different plant species, although there is still much to be done in order to gain a definitive vision of this issue. Despite that, alteration of the FBPase content follows a general pattern, there are some differences that could be considered species-specific. Modifications lead to profound changes in the carbohydrate content and carbon allocation, raising questions as to whether flux of some sugars or sugar precursors from one side to the other of the chloroplast envelope occurs to rebalance carbohydrate metabolism or whether other compensatory, though not fully efficient, enzymatic activities come into play. Due to the pleiotropic nature of modifying the core carbon metabolism, an answer to the above questions would require an exhaustive study involving diverse aspects of plant physiology.
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| 24. |
- Zhang, Zhibin, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of acid-treated carbon nanotube thin films by means of Raman spectroscopy and field-effect response
- 2009
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In: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 476:4-6, s. 258-261
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By combining Raman spectroscopy with transistor transfer characteristics, acid treatment of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a mixture of concentrated HNO3/H2SO4 has been characterized. The acid treatment results in a sharp decrease in the Raman resonant signals of the metallic SWCNTs but no observable change in those of the semiconducting SWCNTs. However, the acid treatment causes disappearing gate modulation of the thin-film transistors made of the SWCNTs, contrary to what would be expected referring to the Raman results. These experimental results suggest that the energy band of the semiconducting SWCNTs is significantly affected by absorbates induced by the acid treatment.
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| 25. |
- Zhang, Zhibin, et al.
(author)
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Photo-Activated Interaction Between P3HT and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Studied by Means of Field-Effect Response
- 2009
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In: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 30:12, s. 1302-1304
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is shown in this letter that the field-effect electrical response of transistors with their channel made of networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) matrix can be significantly altered by light illumination. The experimental results indicate a photo-activated electron transfer from P3HT selectively to the semiconducting SWNTs. This finding points to a potential optoelectronic application of such a field-effect device as a photo-triggered electronic switch.
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