| 1. |
- Abazov, V. M., et al.
(författare)
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The upgraded DO detector
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 565:2, s. 463-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The DO experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid -argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run 1, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DO.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ciccocioppo, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Stress-related neuropeptides and alcoholism : CRH, NPY, and beyond
- 2009
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Ingår i: Alcohol. - : Elsevier. - 0741-8329 .- 1873-6823. ; 43:7, s. 491-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article summarizes the proceedings of a symposium held at the conference on "Alcoholism and Stress: A Framework for Future Treatment Strategies" in Volterra, Italy, May 6-9, 2008. Chaired by Markus Heilig and Roberto Ciccocioppo, this symposium offered a forum for the presentation of recent data linking neuropetidergic neurotransmission to the regulation of different alcohol-related behaviors in animals and in humans. Dr. Donald Gehlert described the development of a new corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist and showed its efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption and stress-induced relapse in different animal models of alcohol abuse. Dr. Andrey Ryabinin reviewed recent findings in his laboratory, indicating a role of the urocortin 1 receptor system in the regulation of alcohol intake. Dr. Annika Thorsell showed data supporting the significance of the neuropeptide Y receptor system in the modulation of behaviors associated with a history of ethanol intoxication. Dr. Roberto Ciccocioppo focused his presentation on the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptors as treatment targets for alcoholism. Finally, Dr. Markus Heilig showed recent preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that neurokinin 1 antagonism may represent a promising new treatment for alcoholism. Collectively, these investigators highlighted the significance of neuropeptidergic neurotransmission in the regulation of neurobiological mechanisms of alcohol addiction. Data also revealed the importance of these systems as treatment targets for the development of new medication for alcoholism.
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| 5. |
- Eusebio, Alexandre, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of low-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on movement in Parkinson's disease.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Experimental Neurology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4886 .- 1090-2430. ; 209:1, s. 125-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excessive synchronization of basal ganglia neural activity at low frequencies is considered a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have unambiguously linked this activity to movement impairment through direct stimulation of basal ganglia targets at low frequency. Furthermore, these studies have varied in their methodology and findings, so it remains unclear whether stimulation at any or all frequencies < or = 20 Hz impairs movement and if so, whether effects are identical across this broad frequency band. To address these issues, 18 PD patients chronically implanted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in both subthalamic nuclei were stimulated bilaterally at 5, 10 and 20 Hz after overnight withdrawal of their medication and the effects of the DBS on a finger tapping task were compared to performance without DBS (0 Hz). Tapping rate decreased at 5 and 20 Hz compared to 0 Hz (by 11.8+/-4.9%, p=0.022 and 7.4+/-2.6%, p=0.009, respectively) on those sides with relatively preserved baseline task performance. Moreover, the coefficient of variation of tap intervals increased at 5 and 10 Hz compared to 0 Hz (by 70.4+/-35.8%, p=0.038 and 81.5+/-48.2%, p=0.043, respectively). These data suggest that the susceptibility of basal ganglia networks to the effects of excessive synchronization may be elevated across a broad low-frequency band in parkinsonian patients, although the nature of the consequent motor impairment may depend on the precise frequencies at which synchronization occurs.
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| 6. |
- Gehlert, Donald R., et al.
(författare)
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3-(4-Chloro-2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-yl)-8-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine : a novel brain-penetrant, orally available corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist with efficacy in animal models of alcoholism
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 27:10, s. 2718-2726
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) antagonist with advantageous properties for clinical development, and its in vivo activity in preclinical alcoholism models. 3-(4-Chloro-2-morpholin-4-yl-thiazol-5-yl)-8-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethyl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (MTIP) inhibited 125I-sauvagine binding to rat pituitary membranes and cloned human CRF1 with subnanomolar affinities, with no detectable activity at the CRF2 receptor or other common drug targets. After oral administration to rats, MTIP inhibited 125I-sauvagine binding to rat cerebellar membranes ex vivo with an ED50 of approximately 1.3 mg/kg and an oral bioavailability of 91.1%. Compared with R121919 (2,5-dimethyl-3-(6-dimethyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-dipropylamino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) and CP154526 (N-butyl-N-ethyl-4,9-dimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-2,4,8,10-tetraen-2-amine), MTIP had a markedly reduced volume of distribution and clearance. Neither open-field activity nor baseline exploration of an elevated plus-maze was affected by MTIP (1-10 mg/kg). In contrast, MTIP dose-dependently reversed anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a 3 g/kg alcohol dose. Similarly, MTIP blocked excessive alcohol self-administration in Wistar rats with a history of dependence, and in a genetic model of high alcohol preference, the msP rat, at doses that had no effect in nondependent Wistar rats. Also, MTIP blocked reinstatement of stress-induced alcohol seeking both in postdependent and in genetically selected msP animals, again at doses that were ineffective in nondependent Wistar rats. Based on these findings, MTIP is a promising candidate for treatment of alcohol dependence.
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| 7. |
- Han, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Critical Thickness and Radius for Axial Heterostructure Nanowires Using Finite Element Method
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 9:5, s. 1921-1925
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite-element methods are used to simulate a heterostructured nanowire grown on a compliant mesa substrate. The critical thickness is calculated based on the overall energy balance approach. The strain field created by the first pair of misfit dislocations, which offsets the initial coherent strain field, is simulated. The local residual strain is used to calculate the total residual strain energy. The three-dimensional model shows that there exists a radius-dependent critical thickness below which no misfit dislocations could be generated. Moreover, this critical thickness becomes infinity for a radius less than some critical values. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The critical radius from this work is smaller than that obtained from previous models that omit the interaction between the initial coherent strain field and the dislocation-induced strain field.
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| 8. |
- Kukli, K., et al.
(författare)
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Atomic layer deposition of ZrO2 and HfO2 on deep trenched and planar silicon
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 84:9-10, s. 2010-2013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conformal ZrO2 and HfO2 thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition using novel liquid cyclopentadienyl precursors at 300 degrees C or 350 degrees C on planar Si wafers and deep trenched Si with an aspect ratio of 60:1. The crystal growth and phase content in as-deposited films depended on the precursor, film thickness, and the material grown. The structural and electrical behaviour of the films were somewhat precursor-dependent, revealing better insulating properties in the films grown from oxygen-containing precursors. Also the HfO2 films showed lower leakage compared to ZrO2.
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| 9. |
- Lindgren, Cecilia M, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three Loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution.
- 2009
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:6, s. e1000508-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We selected 26 SNPs for follow-up, for which the evidence of association with measures of central adiposity (WC and/or WHR) was strong and disproportionate to that for overall adiposity or height. Follow-up studies in a maximum of 70,689 individuals identified two loci strongly associated with measures of central adiposity; these map near TFAP2B (WC, P = 1.9x10(-11)) and MSRA (WC, P = 8.9x10(-9)). A third locus, near LYPLAL1, was associated with WHR in women only (P = 2.6x10(-8)). The variants near TFAP2B appear to influence central adiposity through an effect on overall obesity/fat-mass, whereas LYPLAL1 displays a strong female-only association with fat distribution. By focusing on anthropometric measures of central obesity and fat distribution, we have identified three loci implicated in the regulation of human adiposity.
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| 10. |
- Niinisto, Jaakko, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced cyclopentadienyl precursors for atomic layer deposition of ZrO2 thin films
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 18:28, s. 3385-3390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZrO2 thin films were grown onto silicon (100) substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using novel cyclopentadienyl-type precursors, namely (CpMe)(2)ZrMe2 and (CpMe)(2)Zr(OMe) Me (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, C5H5) together with ozone as the oxygen source. Growth characteristics were studied in the temperature range of 250 to 500 degrees C. An ALD-type self-limiting growth mode was verified for both processes at 350 degrees C where highly conformal films were deposited onto high aspect ratio trenches. Signs of thermal decomposition were not observed at or below 400 degrees C, a temperature considerably exceeding the thermal decomposition temperature of the Zr-alkylamides. Processing parameters were optimised at 350 degrees C, where deposition rates of 0.55 and 0.65 angstrom cycle(-1) were obtained for (CpMe)(2)ZrMe2/O-3 and (CpMe)(2)Zr(OMe)Me/O-3, respectively. The films grown from both precursors were stoichiometric and polycrystalline with an increasing contribution from the metastable cubic phase with decreasing film thickness. In the films grown from (CpMe)(2)ZrMe2, the breakdown field did not essentially depend on the film thickness, whereas in the films grown from (CpMe)(2)Zr(OMe)Me the structural homogeneity and breakdown field increased with decreasing film thickness. The films exhibited good capacitive properties that were characteristic of insulating oxides and did not essentially depend on the precursor chemistry.
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| 11. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 12. |
- Song, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Newly found prostate-bladder neural reflex in rats--possible mechanism for voiding dysfunction associated with prostatitis/pelvic pain
- 2009
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-4295 .- 1527-9995. ; 74:6, s. 1365-1369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To demonstrate the existence of a prostate-bladder neural reflex that might help clarify a neurologic mechanism for voiding dysfunction associated with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Methods Experiments were performed on anesthetized adult male Wistar rats. Repeated cystometry was used to study the changes in urinary bladder behavior induced by injecting formalin into the prostate. The pathway of a prostate-bladder reflex was identified by recording the electromyographic (EMG) response of the detrusor to electrical stimulation of the prostate, after saline or lidocaine injections into the prostate, and transection of the prostate nerves. Results Intraprostatic formalin injection induced significant changes in the parameters of cystometry. Electrical stimulation of the prostate consistently evoked a bladder EMG response. Intraprostatic lidocaine injection increased the delay and reduced the amplitude of this EMG response. The bladder EMG response was not affected by transection of the cervical spinal cord nor by just cutting the sympathetic chain; however, it was suppressed by resection of the sympathetic chain and by transection of the ipsilateral L6-S3 nerve roots. Conclusions A prostate-bladder reflex is proposed, and the lumbosacral spinal cord is assumed to be the primary center of the reflex. These findings might help determine the therapeutic approach to voiding dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
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| 13. |
- Willer, Cristen J., et al.
(författare)
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Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common variants at only two loci, FTO and MC4R, have been reproducibly associated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. To identify additional loci, we conducted meta-analysis of 15 genome-wide association studies for BMI (n > 32,000) and followed up top signals in 14 additional cohorts (n > 59,000). We strongly confirm FTO and MC4R and identify six additional loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)): TMEM18, KCTD15, GNPDA2, SH2B1, MTCH2 and NEGR1 (where a 45-kb deletion polymorphism is a candidate causal variant). Several of the likely causal genes are highly expressed or known to act in the central nervous system (CNS), emphasizing, as in rare monogenic forms of obesity, the role of the CNS in predisposition to obesity.
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