| 1. |
- Aspholm-Hurtig, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Functional adaptation of BabA, the H. pylori ABO blood group antigen binding adhesin.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 305:5683, s. 519-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence by Helicobacter pylori increases the risk of gastric disease. Here, we report that more than 95% of strains that bind fucosylated blood group antigen bind A, B, and O antigens (generalists), whereas 60% of adherent South American Amerindian strains bind blood group O antigens best (specialists). This specialization coincides with the unique predominance of blood group O in these Amerindians. Strains differed about 1500-fold in binding affinities, and diversifying selection was evident in babA sequences. We propose that cycles of selection for increased and decreased bacterial adherence contribute to babA diversity and that these cycles have led to gradual replacement of generalist binding by specialist binding in blood group O-dominant human populations.
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| 2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R) in male juvenile delinquents
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract State-administered correctional institutions in Sweden take care of approximately 600 juvenile delinquents every year. The treatment for these institutionalized young people is based mainly on environmental programs and milieu therapy.Fifty-six conduct-disordered juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) from four institutions were studied with respect to their personality traits, and the prevalence of psychopathy (measured by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised, PCL-R). One objective was to study the reliability and validity of commonly used personality inventories. In particular, the validity of psychopathy-related personality traits, included in Schalling’s psychopathy model (1978), was examined by studying the relationships between personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R), the occurrence of previous treatment occasions, and relapse into crime. Four groups, the delinquent participants, a group of high sensation-seekers (air force pilot recruits), normal male adolescent participants, and another group of normal young males, completed a number of personality inventories, which enabled us to obtain measures of personality traits. The personality inventories used were the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales. In addition, the delinquent participants were rated on psychopathy according to the modified version of the PCL-R, designed to be used with young people (Fort, Hart, & Hare, 1990). Both variable-oriented (factor analysis, MANOVA) and person-oriented statistical methods (cluster analysis) were applied.As expected, most personality traits in the delinquent participants deviated from published norms and from our control groups. The delinquent participants showed a high level of pathology or vulnerability for developing mental disorders (such as substance abuse). About 60% of the delinquent participants had scores above 30 on the PCL-R, and were thus classified as psychopaths according to the manual. Further, 73% had scores between 27 and 40, indicating a high level of psychopathy. Delinquent participants showed a different pattern of sensation-seeking behavior than air force pilot recruits and normal adolescent participants, and differed also in other personality traits. They had a low level of socialization, indicating a lack of ability to take the role of the generalized other, and a tendency to impulsiveness, somatic anxiety and extraversion-sociability. The construct validity (convergent and divergent) of the KSP scales was found to be adequate. Some of the personality traits in delinquent participants, however, showed a different correlation pattern than that found in noncriminal people. Some of the basic scales from the KSP had high reliability, but many were not reliable when used on delinquent participants. Four factors were extracted using the maximum likelihood method. No significant correlations were found between the personality scale scores and the PCL-R scores. Finally, cluster analysis of the reliable and valid psychopathy-related personality scales from the KSP (Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance, Socialization, Verbal aggression, and Somatic anxiety) identified seven different clusters of delinquent participants.The uncertain validity of some personality traits (e.g., psychoticism or detachment), the poor reliability of many of the KSP scales (e.g., Guilt, Suspicion, and Inhibition of aggression) when used on this population, together with some minor limitations of the studies (e.g., sample size) are discussed.In conclusion, the high prevalence of psychopathy in the present sample of male delinquent participants may have important clinical treatment implications, particularly since some researchers have suggested that milieu therapy increases relapse rates into crime in adult psychopaths. Hopefully, appropriate assessment of personality traits and psychopathy (in addition to obvious routine assessments of mental disorders, such as substance abuse or disabilities such as dyslexia), supervision, and the implementation of effective correctional programs, may prevent young people with deviant personalities from aggravating their deviant style of living. Key words: Personality traits, psychopathy (PCL-R), juvenile delinquents, reliability, validity, assessment.
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| 3. |
- Ahrens, J., et al.
(författare)
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Results from AMANDA
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings, 9th International Workshop, Venice, Italy, March 6-9, 2001. Vol. 1, 2. ; , s. 569-580
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Blom, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel Fluorescence Detection of Single Biomolecules in Microarrays by a Diffractive-Optical-Designed 2 x 2 Fan-Out Element
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Applied Optics. - 1559-128X .- 2155-3165. ; 41:16, s. 3336-3342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a multifocal diffractive-optical fluorescence correlation spectroscopy system for parallel excitation and detection of single tetramethylrhodamine biomolecules in microarrays. Multifocal excitation was made possible through the use of a 2 × 2 fan-out diffractive-optical element with uniform intensity in all foci. Characterization of the 2 × 2 fan-out diffractive-optical element shows formation of almost perfect Gaussian foci of submicrometer lateral diameter, as analyzed by thermal motion of tetramethylrhodamine dye molecules in solution. Results of parallel excitation and detection in a high-density microarray of circular wells show single-biomolecule sensitivity in all four foci simultaneously.
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| 5. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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AMANDA: Status and Latest Results
- 2004
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Ingår i: 39th Rencontres De Moriond On Electroweak Interactions And Unified Theories, 21-28 Mar 2004, La Thuile, Aosta Valley, Italy.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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An Overview of the IceCube Neutrino Telescope
- 2003
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Ingår i: 8th International Conference On Advanced Technology And Particle Physics (ICATPP 2003).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Status of IceCube
- 2004
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Ingår i: 10th Vienna Conference On Instrumentation, 16-21 February 2004, Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Exotic Particle Detection with the AMANDA Detector
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Physics in Collision (PIC 2003), Zeuthen, Germany, 26-28 June 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube: A Multipurpose Neutrino Telescope
- 2003
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Ingår i: 3rd International Workshop for Comprehensive Study of the High Energy Universe - Toward Very H3rd International Workshop for Comprehensive Study of the High Energy Universe - Toward Very High Energy Particle Astronomy - (VHEPA-3), Tokyo, Japan, 20-22 March 2003igh Energy Particle Astronomy - (VHEPA-3), Tokyo, Japan, 20-22 March 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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IceTop: The Surface Component of IceCube
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July - 7 August 2003, HE 1.5, 1117-1120.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Latest Results of AMANDA
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Europhysics Conference on High-Energy Physics (HEP 2003), 17-23 July 2003, Aachen, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Results from the AMANDA II
- 2003
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Ingår i: 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP02), Amsterdam, Netherlands, 24-31 July 200. - 0444513434
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 19. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Results from the AMANDA Neutrino Telescope
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July - 7 August 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Results from AMANDA
- 2002
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Ingår i: Mod. Phys. Lett.. ; A17, s. 2019-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the AMANDA Detector
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B35. ; , s. 1919-1931
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the AMANDA Neutrino Telescopes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the VLVnuT Workshop, "Technical Aspects of a Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea", NIKHEF, Amsterdam 5-8 October 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Results from the AMANDA Telescope
- 2003
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Ingår i: XVI International Conference on Particles and Nuclei (PaNic02), Osaka, Japan, 30 September - 4 October 2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of Ice Cherenkov Detectors for IceTop
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July - 7 August 2003, HE 1.5, 965-968.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Status of the AMANDA Experiment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Incontro Nazionale di Astrofisica delle Alte Energie, Roma, Italy, 15-16 maggio 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Status of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2nd VERITAS Symposium on the Astrophysics of Extragalactic Sources, Chicago, USA, 24-26 April 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The AMANDA Neutrino Telescope
- 2004
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Ingår i: International School Of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics: 14th Course: Neutrinos and Explosive Events In The Universe.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The IceCube High Energy Neutrino Telescope
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference, Tsukuba, Japan, 31 July - 7 August 2003, HE 2.3, 1369-1372.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The IceCube Neutrino Telescope
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA 2003), Taipei, Taiwan, 13-15 November 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 34. |
- Botner, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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The IceCube Project
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the VLVnuT Workshop, "Technical Aspects of a Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea", NIKHEF, Amsterdam 5-8 October 2003.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Fagerås Böttcher, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A TLR4 polymorphism is associated with asthma and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12(p70) responses in Swedish children
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 114:3, s. 561-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Bacterial signals play an important role in the maturation of the immune system. Polymorphisms in genes coding for receptors to bacterial components can alter the immune responsiveness of the host to microbial agents and may indicate the development of aberrant immune responses that are associated with immune-mediated diseases such as atopic diseases. Objective The study's objective was to investigate the relationship between TLR4 and CD14 gene polymorphisms, the LPS responsiveness of PBMCs, and the presence of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children. Methods The TLR4 (Asp299Gly) and CD14/−159 polymorphisms were determined in 115 Swedish children aged 8 and 14 years. LPS-induced IL-12(p70), IL-10, and IFN-γ responses of PBMCs from 69 of the children were analyzed by means of ELISA. The levels of soluble CD14 in serum samples were analyzed by means of ELISA, and the total IgE levels were analyzed by means of UniCAP Total IgE (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden). Results Decreased LPS-induced IL-12(p70) and IL-10 responses were associated with the TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism and independently with asthma, especially atopic asthma. The TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism was associated with a 4-fold higher prevalence of asthma in school-aged children (adjusted odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 1.1-17.4) but not to allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Conclusion A TLR4 polymorphism modifies innate immune responses in children and may be an important determinant for the development of asthma. This may influence the outcome of intervention studies that use microbial stimuli as immune modulators.
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| 37. |
- Gudmundson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"State-of-the-Art" inom Relationsmarknadsföring : Ett marknadsföringsperspektiv om relationernas betydelse
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten beskriver forskningsfronten inom relationsmarknadsföringsansatsen (RM) i Europa under senare år. I rapporten presenteras en genomgång av ett antal artiklar och böcker inom området RMs utveckling under senare år i Europa. ’State-of-the-Art inom området beskrivs och diskuteras genom en presentation av synen på RM generellt, ett antal modeller som används för att illustrera perspektivet samt genom en presentation av vilka ämnesinriktningar och metoder som används inom ansatsen. Slutsatser som presenteras efter genomgång av materialet är att RM har återfört fokus till de relationer som en organisation har. I detta perspektiv är direkta, kontinuerliga och långsiktiga relationer av största betydelse för organisationers framgång. En stark betoning ligger på kundservice, värdeskapande, uppfyllande av förväntningar och inte minst kvalitet. Forskningen inom RM i Europa har, under de senaste fem åren, främst fokuserats på följande ämnesinriktningar: service/kvalitet, nätverk, "business-to-business". personal/intern marknadsföring, kund och begreppet "trust". En ständig begreppsutveckling pågår inom området.
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| 38. |
- Gudmundson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The Lives and Attitudes of Employees in Tourism : A study of seasonal workers in a Swedish ski-resort
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper the reader is introduced to the concept of seasonality and the characteristics of the labour market and work force in tourism. The concepts of employee empowerment work motivation and occupational communities are further discussed. The study is based upon field research carried out in the ski-resort of Åre and its surrounding villages. Data collection was carried out in the form of questionnaires and in-depth interviews with seasonal workers. The empirical part presented in the paper consists of defining characteristics of occupational communities, seasonal workers� views on work situation, important factors for doing a good job, and the attraction of Åre ski-resort for seasonal workers. When assessing the findings of the in-depth interviews, two different groups of workers appear. The first of these two � the resident community � is made up by individuals, who live on a permanent basis in the Åre region. This group is characterised by individuals, who devote themselves to non-work friends and family commitment during their spare time. They also show interest in career development within the tourism sector. Individuals, who only live in the Åre region during their seasonal work, make up the second group � the migrant community. This group is characterised by individuals, who have a close knit relationship with their co-workers, which may be a result of them sharing place of residence. They also share a work-based image and reference group. When developing strategies for hiring, further training and retaining these individuals, it is recommended to pay attention to the differences between these two groups. An organisation, which empowers its employees, gives them the opportunity to perform at their best knowledge. In this situation employees need to know how well they perform. The results from the questionnaire show that encouragement from the closest manager in the organisation is a very important factor for the employees� work performance. When respondents expressed their experience at work, encouragement from their co-workers received a higher, though not significant, score. Another important aspect for empowered employees is that they need to feel they are allowed to discuss ideas, problems etc as regards their work situation. This is viewed by a good half of the respondents to be an important factor for their work performance but there is only one third claiming that this is experienced at their place of work. Authority to make own decisions as regards work performance, is also a factor to be considered when empowering employees. Almost two thirds of the respondents perceived themselves as having the authority to make own decisions. Studies show that work itself may not be the most important motivational stimulus for seasonal employees, but rather the close social relationships. An overwhelming majority is of the opinion that nice co-workers are important for getting motivated in one�s work.
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| 39. |
- Gudmundson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nature of Work Motivation : Herzberg´s Two-Factor Theory Applied to Seasonal Workers in a Swedish Ski-Resort
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the tourism sector, quality is closely related to employee performance. One of the most important challenges facing managers is the creation of a context within which employees feel motivated and will act in order to achieve the goals of the organisation (Lee-Ross, 1999). The aim of the study is to investigate motivation in a sample of seasonal workers in the ski-resort of Åre in northern Sweden. This study is based upon field research carried out in Åre and its surrounding villages. Data collection was carried out in the form of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. According to Herzberg�s two-factor need theory, humans have two different sets of needs and that the different elements of the work situation satisfies or dissatisfies these needs (Wright, 1989). The first set of needs concerns the basic survival needs of a person � the hygiene factors (e.g. supervision, salary and physical conditions). When these needs are satisfied they do not motivate or cause satisfaction, they only prevent dissatisfaction (Pinder, 1998). In this study evidence was found that support this theory. When reviewing the results, work-related stimuli were not important for work motivation. Other results the study question Herzberg�s argument that job content is the only way to increase work motivation (Wright, 1989). The results from the in-depth interviews indicate that social stimuli were also regarded as an important construct for the enhancement of work motivation. This conclusion is also supported by quantitative data. The second set of needs in Herzberg�s theory, the growth needs (e.g. responsibility, advancement and recognition) was measured by the construct of empowerment. The results show that the construct of empowerment to a great extent influence work motivation.
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| 40. |
- Gudmundsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Internal marketing : A way of improving service quality
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the service sector, quality is closely related to employee performance. An essential feature of any successful organisation is motivated employees. Therefore, the attitude of an employee towards his/her place of work and the extent to which an employer is able to motivate employees may have a direct effect on the quality of those products offered to tourists. One of the most important challenges facing managers is the creation of a context within which employees feel motivated and will act in order to achieve the goals of the organisation. The internal marketing concept emerged from service marketing and its main concern was to get everyone who was involved in service encounters � the front line or contact staff � to perform better in the interaction with customers. The usage of the concept has extended beyond its traditional field and is now accepted in all kinds of organisations. The overall objective of the internal marketing process is to attract suitable staff members as contact personnel and to managerial positions, to have a high retention rate among the co-workers and to develop motivated and customer-conscious employees. This study is based upon field research carried out in the ski-resort of Åre situated in the northern part of Sweden. Data collection was carried out in the form of in-depth interviews. The sample for the in-depth interviews consisted of managers from four hotels in Åre, which offer both accommodation and food and beverage. The findings of this study show that attracting, developing, motivating, and retaining qualified employees were of primary concern for management and were included in a deliberate company strategy. When working with these parameters, management strongly emphasised customer-consciousness and sales-mindedness. Management of the different companies was aware of the importance of front-line personnel�s immediate effect on customer satisfaction and how important staff autonomy and know-how were for business success. There was also a great amount of understanding for the need of an information process, which were directed from and to every side of the organisation. As a result of this understanding, the companies worked with different kinds of platforms for feedback and information flows. Seasonal fluctuations in demand pose, according to management, the greatest obstacle for working with internal marketing activities. Seasonality has negative effects on the selection, recruitment, retention, training, development, and motivation of employees in the companies included in the study.
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| 41. |
- Gudmundsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Work motivation of seasonal employees - A study of a Swedish ski-resort
- 2001
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Ingår i: North - South : contrasts and connections in global tourism. - [Savonlinna] : FUNTS : University of Joensuu. - 951708983X ; , s. 398-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the tourism sector, quality is closely related to employee performance. An essential feature of any successful organisation is motivated employees. Therefore, the attitude of an employee towards his/her place of work and the extent to which an employer is able to motivate employees may have a direct effect on the quality of those products offered to tourists. The aim of the study was to investigate work motivation in a sample of seasonal workers in the ski-resort of Åre in northern Sweden and data was collected by means of in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The study tested Herzberg�s Two-Factor Theory by using Structural Equation Modelling (LISREL). The results show that the seasonal workers were motivated by the so called growth factors, which consisted of responsibility, information, feedback, knowledge and training. The hygiene factors, which consisted of wage level, rewards and interpersonal relations did not have an influence on work motivation.
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| 42. |
- Gårdmark, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Life-history evolution in harvested populations: the role of natural predation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Evolutionary Ecology Research. - 1522-0613. ; 5:2, s. 239-257
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models and experiments of the evolution of age- and/or size-at-maturation in response to population harvesting have consistently shown that selective harvesting of older and larger individuals can cause earlier maturation. These predictions, however, are all based on single-species considerations and thus crucially neglect the selective forces caused or mediated by species interactions. Here we develop simple models of phenotypic evolution of age-at-first-reproduction in a prey population subject to different types of predation and harvesting. We show that, in the presence of natural predation, the potential evolutionary response of age-at-first-reproduction to population harvesting is ambiguous: harvesting can cause either earlier or later maturation depending on the type of predator interaction and its strength relative to the fishing pressure. The counterintuitive consequences of harvesting result from the indirect effects that harvesting of a prey population has on the selection pressure exerted by its natural predator, since this selection pressure itself typically depends on prey density. If harvest rates are high, the direct selection pressures considered in classical analyses prevail and harvesting decreases the age-at-first-reproduction, whereas at lower harvest rates the indirect, inter-specifically mediated effects of harvesting can qualitatively overturn predictions based on simpler single-species models.
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| 43. |
- Hydén, Sophie, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Inre utlänningskontroll i polisarbete : mellan rättsstatsideal och effektivitet i Schengens Sverige
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analyses police officers' work with internal control of foreigners through a discussion of, among other things, the nation-state, rule of law ideals as well as the police profession and the conditions surrounding that profession. Internal control of foreigners, practised by police officers has two main aims: to control migration and to fight crime amongst people unauthorised to reside in the country. There has been a demand for increased efficiency in the internal control of foreigners, since Sweden joined the Schengen agreement. Police officers are now expected to be observant in all their work carried out, of the possibility that people they encounter are in the country without permission.The authors have accompanied police officers in Malmö and Stockholm in their work. They have also studied cases in the legal system and of the special board that handles cases of offences made by police officers. The authors discuss the importance of different factors to the police work on internal control of foreigners. Certain factors are more important than others and there is an interplay and reinforcement of some of these: the political and historical context, the discretion of the police, grey areas in the rules, the work tools of the police as well as inspection possibilities.A state of tension can be identified between the ideals of the nation-state and rule of law ideals. Several factors interplay to create a potential for and an apparent risk of ethnic discrimination in the police work on the internal control of foreigners. This study shows that the prerequisites necessary to perform the control efficiently, unerringly and with proper discretion are lacking. Police officers are put to the almost impossible task of determining who is in the country without permission.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Hydén, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Inre utlänningskontroll i Schengens Sverige : Dilemma i polisers arbete
- 2003
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utgångspunkten i studien är den inre utlänningskontrollen och förutsättningarna härför. Inre utlänningskontroll syftar till att kontrollera att personer inte uppehåller sig i landet utan tillstånd respektive söka efter personer som ska lämna landet efter beslut om avvisning eller utvisning. Det kan också handla om att söka kriminella eller potentiellt kriminella personer som inte får uppehålla sig inom Schengensamarbetets område. Polisen ansvarar för verksamheten och den ska bli mera effektiv sedan Sverige gick med i det så kallade Schengensamarbetet. Avhandlingen är flervetenskaplig till sin natur och fokuserar på polisens arbete utifrån ett juridiskt och sociologiskt perspektiv inom ramen för ett IMER-relevant område. Etnicitetsaspekten finns med som en röd tråd genom framställningen. Allmänna förutsättningar för polisarbete generellt samt rättsstatliga ideal i relation till konkret polisarbete diskuteras. Vidare görs en beskrivning av regelverket och vad som därtill hör i form av förarbeten och praxis. Genom ett migrationsteoretiskt perspektiv sätts kontrollen i en större kontext. Ett resultat av de fältarbeten som genomförts är att inre utlänningskontroll utmynnar i ett dilemma som alltid måste hanteras. Dilemmat består i en dragkamp mellan att respektera mänskliga rättigheter och att arbeta så effektivt som möjligt. Här föreligger det en risk för etnisk diskriminering. Som lagstiftningen är utformad är risken stor att polisens maktutövning blir godtycklig och att poliser tänjer på, eller försöker kringgå, lagen för att leva upp till kraven på så många kontroller som möjligt. Studien visar också att det är stor skillnad mellan hur olika poliser resonerar när de utför inre utlänningskontroll.
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| 46. |
- Jonzén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Harvesting spatially distributed populations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - 0909-6396. ; 7:3, s. 197-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial structure has a paramount influence on population dynamics. This has until recently been neglected in harvesting theory. In this paper, we demonstrate how source-sink and habitat selection theory can provide guidance for harvesting spatially structured populations. We also show how harvesting can affect the spatial distribution of the exploited resource, which has consequences for the design of protected areas. This implicit treatment of space is complemented by a spatially explicit predator-prey model. It turns out that harvesting of the prey and/or the predator species in one patch in space sometimes has effects on the other species outside the harvested patch. We stress the importance of considering how realistic the representation of the spatial dimension has to be in population management.
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| 47. |
- Jonzén, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of collapse in the eastern Baltic cod fishery
- 2002
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology - Progress Series. - 1616-1599. ; 240, s. 225-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The eastern Baltic cod fishery, as many fisheries worldwide, is experiencing a major crisis. The combination of current environmental conditions, fishing mortality rates, and stock size indicates that this fishery is not sustainable. In order to rebuild the population and sustain the fishery in the future, it is essential to define a biologically appropriate exploitation level. In this paper, we take a decision-theoretical approach and use risk analysis to compare different management actions in terms of fishing mortality rates, and predict stock size in a short, medium and long-term perspective. We consider alternative hypotheses about the stock biomass in 1999 and analyse the risk of stock decline below three thresholds: quasi-extinction (Bext, defined by us), the safe biological limit, and the precautionary approach limit as defined by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Results show that the current fishing mortality implies a tremendous risk of driving the Baltic cod stock below Bext (1000 t) within 10 yr. This result is robust to alternative assumptions about model structure as well as to the magnitude of environmental stochasticity. Hence, we consider a substantial reduction of the fishing mortality to be the only way of avoiding the far-reaching ecological and socio-economic consequences of continued exploitation at current levels.
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| 48. |
- Linderhed, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Optical measurements of real minefields
- 2002
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Ingår i: Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets VII. - : SPIE. ; , s. 160-171
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents preliminary analysis of the data from measurements on a minefield in Croatia done in the international cooperation project Airborne Minefield Area Reduction (ARC). Temperature differences above and around suspected mines and minefield indicators, were recorded with a long wave IR camera in 8-9 micrometers , over a time of several days, capturing data under different weather conditions. The data are compared to simulations of land mines, minefield indicators and other objects using a themodynamic FEM model, developed at FOI. Different detection methods are presented and applied to the data.
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| 49. |
- Lindgård, Ann, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Preservation of rat skeletal muscle energy metabolism by illumination.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Life sciences. - 0024-3205. ; 72:23, s. 2649-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle viability is crucially dependent on the tissue levels of its high energy phosphates. In this study we investigated the effect of the preservation medium Perfadex and illumination with Singlet Oxygen Energy (SOE). Singlet oxygen can be produced photochemically by energy transfer from an excited photosensitizer. The energy emitted from singlet oxygen upon relaxation to its triplet state is captured as photons at 634 nm and is here referred to as SOE. Rat hind limb rectus femoris muscles were preserved for five hours at 22 degrees C in Perfadex, saline, SOE illuminated Perfadex or SOE illuminated saline. Extracts of the muscles were analysed by 31P NMR. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance and are given as mean values micromol/g dry weight) +/- SEM. The ATP concentration was higher (p = 0.006) in saline groups (4.52) compared with Perfadex groups (2.82). There was no statistically significant difference in PCr between the saline groups (1.25) and Perfadex groups (0.82). However, there were higher (p = 0.003) ATP in the SOE illuminated groups (4.61) compared with the non-illuminated groups (2.73). The PCr was also higher (p < 0.0001) in the SOE illuminated groups (1.89) compared with the non-illuminated groups (0.18). In conclusion, Perfadex in this experimental model was incapable of preserving the high energy phosphates in skeletal muscle during 5 hours of ischemia. Illumination with SOE at 634 nm improved the preservation potential, in terms of a positive effect on the energy status of the muscle cell.
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| 50. |
- Lundberg, Anna, 1969-
(författare)
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Athena Student Forum
- 2004
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Artikel om Athena Student Forum, i AOIFE news, 1:2004
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