| 1. |
- Carlsson, Sven G., 1935, et al.
(författare)
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Psykologiska perspektiv på hälsa och handikapp
- 2000
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Ingår i: Delaktig eller utanför. Carlsson, Sven G., Hjelmquist, Erland & Lundberg, Ingvar (red.). - Umeå : Boréa. - 9189140117 ; , s. 9-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative ropivacaine infiltration in breast surgery
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 44:9, s. 1093-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate whether preoperative infiltration with ropivacaine in conjunction with breast surgery improves postoperative pain management and attenuates postoperative nausea and vomiting. Method: Prospective, randomised, double-blind study, including 60 healthy women (ASA 1–2) allocated to one of two groups. Thirty patients were given 0.3 ml/kg saline in the operating field before surgery. Another 30 patients received a similar volume of ropivacaine 3.75 mg/ml. A visual analogue scale (0–100 mm) was used for evaluation of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting. If the score was more than 30 mm at rest, the patients were given ketobemidone i.v. as treatment for postoperative pain, and dixyrazine i.v. against nausea and vomiting. The intra- and postoperative analgesic requirements and postoperative nausea and vomiting were registered. Results: The intraoperative fentanyl consumption was similar in the saline group 81±22 μg vs 76±28 μg; (ns) in the ropivacaine group. The postoperative 24-h ketobemidone consumption was also similar to those treated with ropivacaine (4.2±2.6 mg vs 4.2±4.3 mg; ns). Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurred with similar frequencies in both groups. The 24-h dixyrazine consumption was the same in the two groups (2.1±2.7 mg in the saline group compared to 2.4±2.8 mg in the ropivacaine group; ns). After 6 h recovery, 41% of all patients had experienced nausea and 20% vomiting. Conclusion: We found no differences in postoperative pain management between 3.75 mg/ml ropivacaine and saline wound infiltration before breast surgery. The data show similar postoperative needs of analgesics and antiemetics with a similar frequency of PONV.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Wound infiltration with ropivacaine and fentanyl: Effects on postoperative pain and PONV after breast surgery
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. - 1873-4529. ; 15:2, s. 113-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objective: To determine whether Postoperative wound infiltration with local anesthetics combined with fentanyl improves analgesia following breast surgery; and to investigate awakening and Postoperative nausea/vomiting. Design: Prospectively randomized clinical study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: 45 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for breast surgery. Interventions: Patients were prospectively randomized and assigned to one of three treatments during general anesthesia: postsurgical wound infiltration with ropivacaine 0.375%; wound infiltration with ropivacaine 0.375% combined with fentanyl 0.5 mug/kg; and intravenous (IV) fentanyl 0.5 mug/kg before skin incision and no wound infiltration. Time to first verbal response, Pain at rest, Postoperative nausea and vomiting, and ketobemidone and dixyrazine utilization were compared. Measurements and Main Results: Time to first verbal response was significantly shorter in the IV fentanyl group compared to both infiltration groups (8.1 +/- 4.5 min vs. 15.3 +/- 4.3, and 12.0 +/- 5.0 min; p < 0.05, respectively). Postoperative Pain at rest, and nausea and vomiting occurred with similar frequencies in the groups. Ketobemidone utilization in both infiltration groups, (2.4 +/- 1.8 mg and 3.1 +/- 1.8 mg, respectively) was not different compared to the IV fentanyl group (2.9 +/- 2.0 mg; NS). There were no differences in Postoperative antiemetic requirements during the first, second and third two-hour periods postoperatively. The dixyrazine consumption was similar in the three groups, (0.9 +/- 1.5 mg, 0.8 +/- 1.3 mg, and 1.4 +/- 1.8 mg, respectively; NS). Conclusion: Postsurgical ropivacaine wound infiltration, with or without adding fentanyl, demonstrates no differences in postoperative Pain relief and nausea/vomiting compared to a balanced general anesthetic including IV fentanyl. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Science Inc.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Gun, et al.
(författare)
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Adjustment latitude and attendance requirements as determinants of sickness absence or attendance : Empirical tests of the illness flexibility model
- 2004
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Ingår i: Social Science & Medicine. - 0277-9536. ; 58:10, s. 1857-1868
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates whether the two dimensions of illness flexibility at work, adjustment latitude and attendance requirements are associated to sickness absence and sickness attendance. Adjustment latitude describes the opportunities people have to reduce or in other ways change their work-effort when ill. Such opportunities can be to choose among work tasks or work at a slower pace. Attendance requirements describe negative consequences of being away from work that can affect either the subject, work mates or a third party. In a cross-sectional design data based on self-reports from a questionnaire from 4924 inhabitants in the county of Stockholm were analysed. The results showed that low adjustment latitude, as predicted, increased women's sickness absence. However, it did not show any relation to men's sickness absence and men's and women's sickness attendance. Attendance requirements were strongly associated to both men's and women's sickness absence and sickness attendance in the predicted way. Those more often required to attend were less likely to be absent and more likely to attend work at illness. As this is the first study of how illness flexibility at work affects behaviour at illness, it was concluded that more studies are needed.
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| 7. |
- Lundberg, Ingvar, 1934
(författare)
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Dyslexia in Swedish
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The chapter provides a review of current dyslexia research in Sweden. It also characterizes reading instruction in Sweden in relation to the orthographic features of written Swedish
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Ingvar, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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How are reading difficulties and math difficulties related? : Hur hänger lässvårigheter och matematiksvårigheter ihop?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dyslexi : aktuellt om läs- och skrivsvårigheter. ; 9:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A common assumption is that reading difficulties and math problems are closely related. The article analyses thisw assumption and demonstrates the possible mechanisms involved. Cases of dissociations are explained. The concept of dyscalculia seems to be rather ill-defined and a step towards a more restricted meaning of the term is taken.
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| 11. |
- Miller Guron, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Error patterns of word reading among primary school children: A cross-orthographic study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Dyslexia. - : Wiley. - 1076-9242 .- 1099-0909. ; 10:1, s. 44-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparative investigation of word reading efficiency indicates that different strategies may be used by English and Swedish early readers. In a first study, 328 native English speakers from UK Years 3 and 6 completed a pen-and-paper word recognition task (theWordchains test). Results were analysed for frequency and type of errors committed. A sample of 123 chronological-age-matched Swedish children carried out the same task on a matched Swedish test. For a sub-sample of 68 English/Swedish pairs matched on word recognition score and sex, significant differences were observed in a comparison of average and low scorers from the two language groups. The English children attempted more task items and committed more errors, while the Swedish group corrected their errors more, suggesting a difference in approach to the task. A second study of a larger Swedish sample (241 participants) found the same pattern of errors as Study 1. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the effects of orthographic depth and morphemic complexity.
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| 12. |
- Månsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Meningsfullt arbete i krävande arbetsmiljö - lärare i skolan
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arbetsliv och hälsa 2004. - 9147700025 ; , s. 301-319
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En stor majoritet av lärarna i grund- och gymnasieskolan upplever sitt arbete som mycket meningsfullt, samtidigt som de rapporterar allvarliga, i synnerhet psykosociala, arbetsmiljöproblem. Skolan har under de senaste 10-15 åren blivit ett av våra största arbetsmiljöproblem. Detta gäller såväl elevernas som personalens arbetsmiljö. Vad gäller de senare redovisas här uppgifter om lärares psykosociala arbetsmiljö och ohälsa, vilken kopplas samman med skolans förändringar under de senaste 15 åren. Utifrån egna fallstudier pekar vi slutligen på vad i dessa förändringar som lärare beskriver som negativt för den egna arbetsmiljön.
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| 13. |
- Samuelsson, S, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD and reading disability in male adults: Is there a connection?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Learning Disabilities. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-2194 .- 1538-4780. ; 37:2, s. 155-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) in male adults. Participants were 120 men, of whom 24 were classified as having ADHD. The basis for the diagnosis was two self-report scales validated by interviews and background data. An extensive battery was used to assess phonological abilities and various aspects of reading skills. No difference was obtained between adult with and without ADHD on measures of either phonological processing skills or word decoding, indicating a low comorbidity with RD. This finding was valid even when different criteria were used to diagnose RD. However, the two groups differed in reading comprehension, with individuals with ADHD performing poorly in tests reading comprehension. The results are compatible with the view that reading comprehension involves many of the higher cognitive control functions assumed to be impaired in ADHD. However, these attentional control functions are not critical to word recognition, which is determined by a more encapsulated phonological processing module. The pattern of associations between ADHD and RD observed in the present study is explained with reference to the differential attentional demands of the two aspects of reading.
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| 19. |
- Sterner, Görel, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Läs- och skrivsvårigheter och lärande i matematik
- 2002
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med rapporten är att ge en bild av kunskapsläget kring samband mellan läs- och skrivsvårigheter och lärande i matematik. Översikten är baserad på empirisk forskning och på forskningsbaserade utvecklingsarbeten.
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| 20. |
- Svensson, Idor, et al.
(författare)
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The nature of reading difficulties among inmates in juvenile instiutions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Reading and writing. - 0922-4777 .- 1573-0905. ; 16:7, s. 667-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. Dyslexia is assumed to be frequent among inmates in prisons and in juvenile institutions.However, it remains unclear whether the literacy difficulties observed are really dyslexicin nature. Seventy inmates in juvenile institutions were studied. In addition to literacy skills,the assessment included phonological skills, school attendance, cultural background, and selfesteem.Dyslexia in the sense of decoding problems related to phonological deficiencies wasobserved in 11% of the cases. Most of the inmates with literacy difficulties had a background,from infancy and onwards, characterized by severe social and emotional problems, interferingwith positive experience of literacy and the literate culture. However, these sub-optimal experiencesof the literate culture do not imply dyslexia. From this perspective, it is unlikely thatdyslexia is a determining factor of delinquent behavior.
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| 22. |
- Wolff, Ulrika, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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A technique for group screening of dyslexia among adults.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of Dyslexia. ; 53, s. 324-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the development of a battery of phonological processing tasks to screen adults with dyslexia. The battery consisted of tasks tapping reversed Spoonerism, phonological choice, working memory and vocabulary with confusable alternatives. A self-report questionnaire consisting of two scales, one examining symptoms of dyslexia and the other reading interests, were also constructed. All these tasks showed high discrimination between a group of adults with dyslexia and a control group, all recruited from adult education centers. The tasks also correlated highly with word recognition. The results of the study show that it is possible to develop a sensitive battery of “non-vocalized” tasks to screen adults with dyslexia on a group basis and that self-reports add to the screening. The group administration is both time-saving and cost-effective.
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| 25. |
- Wolff, Ulrika, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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The prevalence of dyslexia among art students.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Dyslexia. ; 8, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a widely held opinion that dyslexia is associated with remarkably artistic creativity. Speculations on different brain structures and brain functions have been proposed as an explanation. Very few objective studies have been reported that confirm the conjectures on the relationship between dyslexia and artistic creativity. Two studies are reported on the prevalence of dyslexia among university students- one group of art students and one group of students from non-art disciplines. The admission to the art schools were extremely demanding, possibly implying that the students were genuinely talented, and that their choice of training did not reflect a compensation for failure in conventional academic fields. Art academy students reported significantly more signs of dyslexia than non-art university students. Objective testing showed that art students had significantly poorer phonological skills than non-art students. Thus, according to self reports combined with objective testing, the incidence of dyslexia was far higher among art students.
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