| 1. |
- Bergquist, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of PACS on radiographer’s work practice
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiography. - London : W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd.. ; 13:3, s. 235-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper identifies and analyses the effects of picture archiving and communica- tion systems (PACS) on radiographers’ work practice. It shows that the introduction of PACS did not simply entail the transfer of data and information from the analogue world to the digital world, but it also led to the introduction of new ways of communicating, and new activities and responsibilities on the part of radiography staff. Radiographers are called upon to work increasingly independently, and individual practitioners require higher levels of professional expertise. In all, this paper demonstrates that new technical solutions sometimes lead to sub- stantial changes in responsibilities in work. In this example, the radiographers’ work practice has become more highly scientific and they are enjoying a higher level of prestige.
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| 2. |
- Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of abdominal fat accumulation during hyperalimentation using MRI
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ISMRM Annual Meeting (ISMRM'09), 2009. - Berkeley, CA, USA : International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. ; , s. 206-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is an increasing demand for imaging methods that can be used for automatic, accurate and quantitative determination of the amounts of abdominal fat. Such methods are important as they will allow the evaluation of some of the risk factors underlying the ’metabolic syndrome’. The metabolic syndrome is becoming common in large parts of the world, and it appears that a dominant risk factor for developing this syndrome is abdominal obesity. Subjects that are afflicted with the metabolic syndrome are exposed to a high risk for developing a large range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiac failure, and stroke. The aim of this work
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Laurell, Cecilia, 1977-
(författare)
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Microarray Based Gene Expression Analysis in Cancer Research
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biotechnological inventions during the 20th century have resulted in a wide range of approaches for explorations in the functional genomics field. Microarray technology is one of the recent advances which have provided us with snapshots of which genes are expressed in cells of various tissues and diseases. Methods to obtain reliable microarray data are continuously being developed and improved to meet the demands of biological researchers.In this thesis microarrays have been used to investigate gene expression patterns in cancer research. Four studies in three different areas were carried out covering adrenocortical tumors, p53 target genes and a comparison of RNA amplification methods.Adrenocortical tumours are among the most common tumours with an incidence of 7-9%. Malignancy of these tumors is rare. Distinction between malignant and benign tumours is often difficult to establish which makes an improvement of diagnostic approaches important. To elucidate biological processes in adrenocortical tumour development and to examine if there is a molecular signature associated with malignancy, microarray analysis was performed on 29 adrenocortical tumors and four normal specimens. It was possible to classify malignant and benign samples based on the entire expression profile. A number of potential biomarkers was identified which will be further evaluated.P53 is a gene which is mutated in 50% of all cancers. Functional p53 is a transcription factor which is activated upon cellular stress and DNA damage. Target genes are mainly involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In solid tumors cells are stressed by hypoxia. To examine which target genes p53 activate under hypoxic conditions a microarray study of the cell lines HCT116p53+/+ and HCT116p53-/- was performed. A set of novel potential p53 target genes was identified while many known target genes were found to be not transcriptionally activated during hypoxia. Follow up which was focused on how p53 affected hypoxia induced apoptosis showed that the death receptor Fas was critical.When small amounts of tissue are available, amplification of the transcript population is necessary for microarray analysis. A new strategy for amplification based on PCR was evaluated and compared to a commercial in vitro transcription protocol. Both protocols produced reliable results. Advantages with the PCR based method are a lower cost and a high flexibility due to compatibility with both sense and antisense strand microarrays.Keywords: adrenocortical tumour, apoptosis, cancer, classification, gene expression, microarray, p53, RNA amplification
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| 5. |
- Leinhard, Olof Dahlqvist, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Abdominal Fat Estimation Using MRI
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781424421749 - 9781424421756 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a new method for automaticquantification of subcutaneous, visceral and nonvisceralinternal fat from MR-images acquired usingthe two point Dixon technique in the abdominal region.The method includes (1) a three dimensionalphase unwrapping to provide water and fat images, (2)an image intensity inhomogeneity correction, and (3) amorphon based registration and segmentation of thetissue. This is followed by an integration of the correctedfat images within the different fat compartmentsthat avoids the partial volume effects associated withtraditional fat segmentation methods. The method wastested on 18 subjects before and after a period of fastfoodhyper-alimentation showing high stability andperformance in all analysis steps.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lundberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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The role of welfare state principles and generosity in social policy programmes for public health : an international comparative study
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 372:9650, s. 1633-1640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many important social determinants of health are also the focus for social policies. Welfare states contribute to the resources available for their citizens through cash transfer programmes and subsidised services. Although all rich nations have welfare programmes, there are clear cross-national differences with respect to their design and generosity These differences are evident in national variations in poverty rates, especially among children and elderly people. We investigated to what extent variations in family and pension policies are linked to infant mortality and old-age excess mortality. Methods Infant mortality rates and old-age excess mortality rates were analysed in relation to social policy characteristics and generosity. We did pooled cross-sectional time-series analyses of 18 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries during the period 1970-2000 for family policies and 1950-2000 for pension policies. Findings Increased generosity in family policies that support dual-earner families is linked with lower infant mortality rates, whereas the generosity in family policies that support more traditional families with gainfully employed men and homemaking women is not. An increase by one percentage point in dual-earner support lowers infant mortality by 0.04 deaths per 1000 births. Generosity in basic security type of pensions is linked to lower old-age excess mortality, whereas the generosity of earnings-related income security pensions is not. An increase by one percentage point in basic security pensions is associated with a decrease in the old age excess mortality by 0.02 for men as well as for women. Interpretation The ways in which social policies are designed, as well as their generosity, are important for health because of the increase in resources that social policies entail. Hence, social policies are of major importance for how we can tackle the social determinants of health.
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| 8. |
- Rydell, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Phase Sensitive Reconstruction for Water/Fat Separation in MR Imaging Using Inverse Gradient
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2007. 10th International Conference, Brisbane, Australia, October 29 - November 2, 2007, Proceedings, Part I. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783540757566 - 9783540757573 ; , s. 210-218
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel method for phase unwrapping for phase sensitive reconstruction in MR imaging. The unwrapped phase is obtained by integrating the phase gradient by solving a Poisson equation. An efficient solver, which has been made publicly available, is used to solve the equation. The proposed method is demonstrated on a fat quantification MRI task that is a part of a prospective study of fat accumulation. The method is compared to a phase unwrapping method based on region growing. Results indicate that the proposed method provides more robust unwrapping. Unlike region growing methods, the proposed method is also straight-forward to implement in 3D.
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| 9. |
- Rydell, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Three Dimensional Phase Sensitive Reconstruction for Water/Fat Separation in MR Imaging using Inverse Gradient
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine annual meeting (ISMRM'08). ; , s. 1519-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Three dimensional phase sensitive reconstruction on two point Dixon volumes has been implemented with use of the inverse gradient. The results has beencompared with the inverse gradient method in two dimensions as well as with the well established region growing method proposed by Ma. The inversegradient method in 3D is able to unwrap the phase field in uncertain regions where the region growing method and the inverse gradient method in 2D cometo a stop.
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| 10. |
- Snir, O., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple antibody reactivities to citrullinated antigens in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis : association with HLA-DRB1 alleles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 68:5, s. 736-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) are present in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), and associate with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles. Objective: To investigate reactivities of anti-CCP to various citrullinated proteins/peptides, which represent potential autoantigens in RA, and to examine the relationship between such antibodies, and their association with genetic variants within HLA-DRB1 SE alleles. Methods: Serum samples from 291 patients with established RA and 100 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects were included in this study. Sera were first analysed for presence of anti-CCP antibodies and further for IgG and IgA antibodies towards candidate autoantigens in both their native and citrullinated form including: fibrinogen, alpha-enolase peptide-1 and the C1-epitope of type II collagen (C1(III)). Antibody specificity was confirmed by cross-reactivity tests. HLA-DR genotyping was performed. Results: 72% of patients with RA were anti-CCP positive. Among the candidate autoantigens examined, IgG antibodies to citrullinated fibrinogen were found in 66% of patients' sera and in 41% for both citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide-1 and citrullinated C1(III). These antibodies were mainly seen in the anti-CCP-positive patient group; they were specific for their respective antigen and displayed limited cross reactivity. IgA responses were also detected, but less frequently than IgG. Anti-CCP and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies were associated with HLA-DRB1*04 rather than with HLA-DRB1*01 alleles. Conclusions: Antibodies directed against several citrullinated antigens are present in CCP-positive RA, with many patients displaying multireactivity. All specific reactivities were primarily associated with the HLA-DRB1*04 alleles, suggesting common pathways of anti-citrulline immunity.
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