| 1. |
- Marcks von Wurtemberg, Klas, et al.
(author)
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The response of lead-tungstate scintillators (PWO) to photons with energies in the range 13 MeV-64 MeV
- 2012
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576 .- 0167-5087. ; 679, s. 36-43
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The response of a matrix of 25 lead tungstate (PWO) scintillator detectors, operated at -25 degrees C, to photons in the range 13 MeV-64 MeV has been measured at the tagged-photon facility at MAX-lab, Lund. The tapered PWO crystals, each with a length of 200 mm and a cross-section of 24.4 x 24.4 mm(2) in the front end, read out by 19 mm photomultiplier tubes, were arranged in a 5 x 5 matrix. The response was measured for photons directed towards the centre of the central crystal as well as for photons directed towards the corner of the central crystal, where four crystals meet. The obtained energy resolution surpasses what has been published so far and is close to the limit given by Poisson statistics and escaped energy. For photons directed towards the centre(corner) of the central crystal the relative energy resolution, defined as (FWHM/2.35)/E-gamma, decreases from 7.3%(11.0%) at E-gamma = 13 MeV to 3.3%(3.6%) at E-gamma = 64 MeV. The reconstructed point of impact of a photon in this energy range is determined with an uncertainty (one standard deviation) of 7.3 +/- 0.1 mm.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abata, E., et al.
(author)
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Study of energy response and resolution of the ATLAS barrel calorimeter to hadrons of energies from 20 to 350 GeV
- 2010
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576 .- 0167-5087. ; 621:1-3, s. 134-150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. In this paper, the results of the measurements of the response of the barrel calorimeter to hadrons with energies in the range 20-350 GeV and beam impact points and angles corresponding to pseudo-rapidity values in the range 0.2-0.65 are reported. The results are compared to the predictions of a simulation program using the Geant 4 toolkit. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 4. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Effect of Simulation on the Clinical Competence of Swedish Ambulance Nurses
- 2014
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In: Australasian Journal of Paramedicine. - : Paramedics Australasia. - 2202-7270. ; 11:2, s. 1-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ntroduction Simulation has become an established method for education and training of Emergency Medical Services personnel in different skills such as advanced airway techniques, also in evaluation and initial care of stroke patients and in pre - hospital trauma. Simula tion can be a useful method to improve learning. To our knowledge, there are only a few studies that relate simulation to the effect on clinical skills. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of simulation on the clinical competence in a pre - hospital trauma care course for ambulance nurses. Methods The study was performed using a before - after design. Seventeen ambulance nurse students who participated in a trauma care course were evaluated in two simulated trauma cases. All subjects had passed the initial theoretical part of the course. The pre - test was performed in the beginning of the following part of the course involving simulation and the post - test at the end of the course. The analysis was performed by assessment of performance, as seen on video - tapes from the pre - tests and the post - tests. A validated instrument was used to determine the level of student’ s clinical competence. Paired t - test was used to confirm differences between the pre - test and post - test results . Results There was a significant increase in the over - all results for the post - test, with a difference of 1.12 points (t=4.642, df=16, p= 0.001) Situation Awareness, Patient Assessment and Decision Making showed the most pronounced improvements. Conclusion The results imply t hat simulation in addition to traditional theoretical education improves the clinical competence of the students, in comparison to traditional education and training without any significant amount of simulation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergquist, Bjarne, et al.
(author)
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A Bayesian analysis of unreplicated two-level factorials using effects sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity
- 2011
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In: Quality Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-2112 .- 1532-4222. ; 23:2, s. 152-166
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article proposes a Bayesian procedure to calculate posterior probabilities of active effects for unreplicated two-level factorials. The results from a literature survey are used to specify individual prior probabilities for the activity of effects and the posterior probabilities are then calculated in a three-step procedure where the principles of effects sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity are successively considered. We illustrate our approach by reanalyzing experiments found in the literature.
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| 7. |
- Birk, Wolfgang, et al.
(author)
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Project: iRoad
- 2011
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Other publication (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 8. |
- Borga, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Improvement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Relating to Correction of Chemical Shift Artifact and Intensity Inhomogeneity
- 2011
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Patent (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Present invention discloses systems and methods for improvement of magnetic resonance images. Correction of a chemical shift artefact in an image acquired from a magnetic resonance imaging system is obtained by a system and a method involving iterative - compensation for the misregistration effect in an image domain. Correction of an intensity inhomogeneity in such images is obtained by a system and a method involving locating voxels corresponding to pure adipose tissue and estimating correction field from these points.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Decision support system in prehospital care: a randomized controlled simulation study
- 2013
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In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 31:1, s. 145-153
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Prehospital emergency medicine is a challenging discipline characterized by a high level of acuity, a lack of clinical information and a wide range of clinical conditions. These factors contribute to the fact that prehospital emergency medicine is a high-risk discipline in terms of medical errors. Prehospital use of Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS) may be a way to increase patient safety but very few studies evaluate the effect in prehospital care. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a CDSS. Methods: In this non-blind block randomized, controlled trial, 60 ambulance nurses participated, randomized into 2 groups. To compensate for an expected learning effect the groups was further divided in two groups, one started with case A and the other group started with case B. The intervention group had access to and treated the two simulated patient cases with the aid of a CDSS. The control group treated the same cases with the aid of a regional guideline in paper format. The performance that was measured was compliance with regional prehospital guidelines and On Scene Time (OST). Results: There was no significant difference in the two group's characteristics. The intervention group had a higher compliance in the both cases, 80% vs. 60% (p<0.001) but the control group was complete the cases in the half of the time compare to the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that this CDSS increases the ambulance nurses' compliance with regional prehospital guidelines but at the expense of an increase in OST.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Sickness absence at a young age and later sickness absence, disability pension, death, unemployment and income in native Swedes and immigrants
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:4, s. 606-610
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Youth unemployment is an increasing problem for societies around the world. Research has revealed negative health effects of unemployment, and this longitudinal register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and later sickness absence, disability pension and death among youth in Sweden.Method: The study group of 199 623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25 607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age-range (174 016). The baseline year was 1992, and the follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007. Subjects with unemployment benefit in 1990–91, disability pension in 1990–92, severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990–92 and subjects who emigrated during follow-up were excluded.Results: Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk of ≥60 days of sickness absence (OR 1.02–1.49), disability pension (HR 1.08–1.62) and all except native Swedish women had elevated risk of death (HR 1.01–1.65) during follow-up compared with non-unemployed individuals. The risk of future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992 (OR 1.06–1.54), and the risk of sickness absence increased over time. A larger part of the immigrant cohort was unemployed at baseline than native Swedes. Selection to unemployment by less healthy subjects may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.Conclusion: Unemployment at an early age may influence the future health of the individual. To a society it may lead to increased burdens on the welfare system and productivity loss for many years.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Unemployment at a young age and later sickness absence, disability pension and death in native Swedes and immigrants
- 2013
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 23:4, s. 606-610
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Youth unemployment is an increasing problem for societies around the world. Research has revealed negative health effects of unemployment, and this longitudinal register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and later sickness absence, disability pension and death among youth in Sweden.METHOD: The study group of 199 623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25 607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age-range (174 016). The baseline year was 1992, and the follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007. Subjects with unemployment benefit in 1990-91, disability pension in 1990-92, severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990-92 and subjects who emigrated during follow-up were excluded.RESULTS: Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk of ≥60 days of sickness absence (OR 1.02-1.49), disability pension (HR 1.08-1.62) and all except native Swedish women had elevated risk of death (HR 1.01-1.65) during follow-up compared with non-unemployed individuals. The risk of future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992 (OR 1.06-1.54), and the risk of sickness absence increased over time. A larger part of the immigrant cohort was unemployed at baseline than native Swedes. Selection to unemployment by less healthy subjects may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.CONCLUSION:Unemployment at an early age may influence the future health of the individual. To a society it may lead to increased burdens on the welfare system and productivity loss for many years.
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| 17. |
- Helgesson, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Unemployment at a Young Age and Later Unemployment in Native Swedish and Immigrant Young Adults
- 2014
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In: Modern Economy. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7245 .- 2152-7261. ; 5:1, s. 24-31
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The youth unemployment rate is increasing in many countries and unemployment affects future work participa- tion. Immigrants have more difficulties than natives in succeeding on the labour market. This study examined the long-term effect of unemployment on future unemployment in Sweden. All immigrants born during 1968- 1972 and a random sample of native Swedes of the same age are included. The follow-up period was 15 years, 1993-2007. Unemployed individuals had an elevated risk of unemployment during follow-up. The risk of unem- ployment increased with the length of unemployment in 1992. Immigrants had a higher risk of unemployment both at baseline and follow-up compared with native Swedes, but followed the same pattern as native Swedes when exposed to unemployment. For individuals with ≥100 days of unemployment in 1992, participation in an Active Labour Market Program (ALMP) increased the risk of future unemployment, whereas both higher edu- cational level at baseline and attainment of a higher educational level between 1993 and 1997 decreased the risk. In addition to the human suffering caused, this can result in increased welfare payments and loss of productivity and tax income to a society. Immigrants seem not to be more vulnerable to unemployment than native Swedes.
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| 18. |
- Helgesson, Magnus
(author)
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Unemployment at a young age and sickness absence, disability pension, death and future unemployment - A register-based study of native Swedish and immigrant young adults
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Youth unemployment is an increasing burden on societies around the world. This prospective, register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and sickness absence, disability pension, death and future unemployment among youth in Sweden. A comparison was also made between immigrants and native Swedes. Another aim was to see if Active Labour Market Programs (ALMPs) and attained education moderated the outcomes. The baseline year was 1992, a year of severe economic downturn. The follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007, divided into three 5-year periods. The study group of 199,623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25,607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age range (174,016). Individuals with unemployment benefit in 1990-1991, disability pension in 1990-1992 or severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990-1992 were excluded in order to minimize selection bias. Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk, measured as odds ratios, of ≥60 days of sickness absence, disability pension, ≥100 days of unemployment and all, except native Swedish women, had elevated risk of death during follow-up. The risk of future unemployment declined until the last follow-up period, while the elevated risk of future sickness absence was about the same in all three follow-up periods. Higher level of education at baseline decreased the risk of future unemployment. Individuals participating in ALMPs had an increased risk of future unemployment, and immigrant women had an increased risk of sickness absence, compared to non-participating individuals. Attained education between 1993 and 1997 decreased the risk of future unemployment and decreased the risk of sickness absence among immigrants. The risk of both future unemployment and future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992. Immigrants had higher risk of unemployment both at baseline and follow-up compared with native Swedes, but followed the pattern of native Swedes when unemployed. The conclusion are that exposure to unemployment are associated with elevated risk of future unemployment, sickness absence, disability pension and death fifteen years after exposure. To a society this will mean substantial costs in the form of increased welfare payments and loss of productivity and tax income. Selection to unemployment by individuals already sick, may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.
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| 19. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Suspicion and treatment of severe sepsis : An overview of the prehospital chain of care
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 20:42
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening condition where the risk of death has been reported to be even higher than that associated with the major complications of atherosclerosis, i.e. myocardial infarction and stroke. In all three conditions, early treatment could limit organ dysfunction and thereby improve the prognosis.AimTo describe what has been published in the literature a/ with regard to the association between delay until start of treatment and outcome in sepsis with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase and b/ to present published data and the opportunity to improve various links in the pre-hospital chain of care in sepsis.MethodsA literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP) and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsIn overall terms, we found a small number of articles (n=12 of 1,162 unique hits) which addressed the prehospital phase. For each hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis appeared to become worse. However, there was no evidence that prehospital treatment improved the prognosis.Studies indicated that about half of the patients with severe sepsis used the emergency medical service (EMS) for transport to hospital. Patients who used the EMS experienced a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Among EMS-transported patients, those in whom the EMS staff already suspected sepsis at the scene had a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of EGDT.There are insufficient data on other links in the prehospital chain of care, i.e. patients, bystanders and dispatchers.ConclusionSevere sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Previous studies suggest that, with every hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis deteriorates. About half of the patients use the EMS. We need to know more about the present situation with regard to the different links in the prehospital chain of care in sepsis.
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| 20. |
- Hostettler, Roland, et al.
(author)
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A system identification approach to modeling of wave propagation in pavements
- 2012
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In: 16th IFAC Symposium on System Identification. - : IFAC, International Federation of Automatic Control. - 9783902823069 ; , s. 292-297
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, modeling of the pavement as a wave propagation medium and estimation of the corresponding model parameters is approached from a system identification perspective. A model based on the physical background is proposed and the corresponding parameters are then estimated from measurement data. In order to achieve the latter, two estimators are proposed, their performance evaluated, and then applied to the measurement data. It is found that the proposed methods are applicable and the results show that different eigenmodes of the structure are excited.
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| 21. |
- Hostettler, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Extended Kalman filter for vehicle tracking using road surface vibration measurements
- 2013
-
In: IEEE 51st Annual Conference on Decision and Control. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467320658 - 9781467320641
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses a novel method for vehicle tracking using an extended Kalman filter and measurements of road surface vibrations from a single accelerometer. First, a measurement model for vibrations caused by vehicular road traffic is developed. Then the identifiability of the involved parameters is analyzed. Finally, the measurement model is combined with a constant speed motion model and the Kalman filter is derived. Simulation and measurement results indicate that the approach is feasible and show where further development is needed.
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| 22. |
- Hostettler, Roland, et al.
(author)
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Feasibility of road vibrations-based vehicle property sensing
- 2010
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In: IET Intelligent Transport Systems. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-956X .- 1751-9578. ; 4:4, s. 356-364
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article discusses a novel approach to vehicle property sensing based on traffic-induced road surface vibrations and investigates the feasibility of this approach. Road surface vibrations from real-life experiments are acquired using three-axis accelerometers and the data are analysed. Based on the assessment of the data, a first coarse scheme for axle detection of passing vehicles is developed. The scheme is then evaluated using measurement data from a highway with moderate traffic intensity but diverse traffic. It is found that the proposed approach is feasible and the estimation scheme yields promising results. Furthermore, delimitations, encountered problems and identified research challenges are discussed and future research directions are given.
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| 23. |
- Hostettler, Roland, et al.
(author)
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The pavement as a waveguide: modeling, system identification, and parameter estimation
- 2014
-
In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. - 0018-9456 .- 1557-9662. ; 63:8, s. 2052-2063
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents modeling of wave propagation in pavements from a system identification point of view. First, a model based on the physical structure is derived. Second, experiment design and evaluation are discussed and maximum-likelihood estimators for estimating the model parameters are introduced, assuming an error-in-variables setting. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to measurement data from two experiments under varying environmental conditions. It is found that the proposed methods can be used to estimate the dispersion curves of the considered waveguide and the results can be used for further analysis
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| 24. |
- Indén, Tobias, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Överprövningar av offentliga upphandlingar : En intervjustudie om skillnader mellan LOU och LUF
- 2014
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Syftet med denna studie är att analysera möjliga förklaringar till att upphandlingarsom görs enligt Lagen (2007:1092) om offentlig upphandling inom områdenavatten, energi, transporter och posttjänster (LUF) tycks föranleda en mindre andelöverprövningar än upphandlingar som görs enligt Lagen (2007:1091) om offentligupphandling (LOU). Den senare lagstiftningen är tillämplig på offentliga upphandlingarav tjänster, varor och byggentreprenader som inte faller under de områdensom anges i LUF (se ovan).Tillgänglig statistik visar att överprövning är mer vanligt förekommande blandupphandlingar som regleras av LOU. Detta förhållande kvarstår med hänsyn tagentill att det är mer vanligt att upphandla enligt LOU än LUF. För att belysa möjligaförklaringar till detta har 28 intervjuer genomförts med beställare/upphandlare frånstatliga och kommunala organ samt med företrädare för leverantörer från olikabranscher.Utgångspunkterna för intervjuerna har varit frågor relaterade till upphandlingssituationen(t.ex. organisation och kompetens), juridiska faktorer (t.ex. förhandlingsmöjligheter)samt leverantörernas syn på upphandling (t.ex. överprövningsom affärsstrategi).Intervjuerna ger vid handen att en avgörande anledning till att upphandlingarenligt LUF överprövas i mindre utsträckning än upphandlingar enligt LOU är detmer omfattande förhandlingsutrymme som till skillnad från LOU finns i LUF. Frånupphandlarsidan menar de intervjuade att förhandling förebygger och ger möjlighetatt hantera missförstånd och felaktigheter under upphandlingens gång. Dettaanses minska risken för att en leverantör upplever sig felbehandlad eller upphandlingensom illa genomförd. En annan intressant iakttagelse är att de intervjuadeupphandlarna beskriver att de branscher som upphandlas enligt LOU i högreutsträckning präglas av en ”överprövningskultur”. Av de intervjuade nämner fleraatt LUF-upphandlingar ofta är mer komplexa och att myndigheter som upphandlarunder LUF därför håller sig med upphandlare med hög marknadsspecifikkompetens. En sådan lösning är något som skulle vara mer resurskrävande förkommunala organ, då de ofta förfogar över en i högre grad diversifieradupphandlingsportfölj.
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| 25. |
- Isoz, Oscar
(author)
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Interference detection and localization in the GPS L1 frequency band
- 2012
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The usage of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in general and the American GPS in particular increases everyday and so does the number of applications where it is used. The GNSS receivers relies on receiving signals from satellites orbiting the earth at an altitude of about 20 000 km and the signals received by the receiver are signicantly weaker then the background noise. Due to the weak signals it is fairly easy to intentionally or accidentally make it very hard or even impossible for a receiver to detect and track the satellites.With this in mind there is a need to develop cost eective methods to detect and localize interference so that appropriate counter measures can be taken. A number of methods have been proposed to detect and localize these sources. The complexity of these methods ranges from requiring future cellphones to contain software to monitor the GNSS environment to dedicated systems with multiple antennas and complicated hardware. In this thesis, two complementary methods will be presented which can detect and also localize interference in the GNSS bands using minimum amount of equipment. The equipment is based around a type of GNSS "receiver" that only samples the GNSS frequency so that it can be processed using a software dened GNSS eceiver. It will be shown that it is capable of detecting and localizing interference sources while also be cost eective and easily deployable. The rst technique is based on measuring the received power level. Since the GNSS signals are below the noise oor, the number of visible satellites will not aect the received power level. Instead the received power level will be aected by changes in the spectrum and changes in the receiver hardware. The GNSS signal is fairly robust against interference so an interferer usually has to have a signicantly higher signal power than the received power from the satellites in order to cause problems for the receiver. By monitoring the received signal power using multiple receivers it is possible to both detect interference and estimate the position of the transmitter. This method requires very little bandwidth but since the signal is measured in the analog domain it is sensitive to process variations between dierent receivers. Also, the nonlinear behaviour of the analog components in the receiver limits the accuracy of the position estimations. To improve the accuracy of the interference localization, a second method has been evaluated. In this method the GNSS samples recorded by dierent receivers at different locations is compared. When a GNSS receiver calculates a position it is actually calculating the time it takes for the signals to travel from the satellite to the receiver. This made it possible to synchronize data from multiple independent receivers both in time and frequency and then estimate the time dierence of arrival of the interfering signal between the dierent receivers. Both localization methods were evaluated during experiments done with assistance from the Swedish armed forces research agency (FOI). It will be shown that the signal power measurement can be used as a detector for interference and that the GPS signal can be used to synchronize data from independent stations so that the dierence in distance to a wideband transmitter can be estimated. To determine the amount of interference in the GPS L1 band two measurement campaigns were made. The rst campaign, measured where interference might be present in an urban area using a car mounted receiver. The other campaign took place at two airports in the summer and fall of 2011 and measured the interference level from xed antennas over an extended period of time.All research was done using the GPS L1 signal but the methods can easily be applied to other GNSS signals as well.
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| 26. |
- Johansson, Bo, 1955-, et al.
(author)
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Work and health among immigrants and native Swedes 1990-2008 : a register-based study on hospitalization for common potentially work-related disorders, disability pension and mortality
- 2012
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12, s. 845-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThere are many immigrants in the Swedish workforce, but knowledge of their general and work-related health is limited. The aim of this register-based study was to explore whether documented migrant residents in Sweden have a different health status regarding receipt of a disability pension, mortality and hospitalization for lung, heart, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders compared with the native population, and if there were variations in relation to sex, geographical origin, position on the labor market, and time since first immigration.MethodsThis study included migrants to Sweden since 1960 who were 28--47 years old in 1990, and included 243 860 individuals. The comparison group comprised a random sample of 859 653 native Swedes. These cohorts were followed from 1991 to 2008 in national registers. The immigrants were divided into four groups based on geographic origin. Hazard ratios for men and women from different geographic origins and with different employment status were analyzed separately for the six outcomes, with adjustment for age, education level, and income. The influence of length of residence in Sweden was analyzed separately.ResultsNordic immigrants had increased risks for all investigated disorders and mortality, while most other groups had equal or lower risks for those outcomes than the Swedes. The lowest HRs were found in the EU 15+ group (from western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand). All groups, except Nordic immigrants, had lower risk of mortality, but all had higher risk of disability pension receipt compared with native Swedes. Unemployed non-Nordic men displayed equal or lower HRs for most outcomes, except disability pension receipt, compared with unemployed Swedish men. A longer time since first immigration improved the health status of men, while women showed opposite results.ConclusionsEmployment status and length of residence are important factors for health. The contradictory results of low mortality and high disability pension risks need more attention. There is great potential to increase the knowledge in this field in Sweden, because of the high quality registers.
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| 27. |
- Johansson, Bo, et al.
(author)
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Work and health among native and foreign-born residents in Sweden 1990-2008 : a register-based study on hospitalization for common potentially work-related disorders, disability pension and mortality
- 2012
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 12:1, s. 845-854
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There are many immigrants in the Swedish workforce, but knowledge of their general and work-related health is limited. The aim of this register-based study was to explore whether documented migrant residents in Sweden have a different health status regarding receipt of a disability pension, mortality and hospitalization for lung, heart, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal disorders compared with the native population, and if there were variations in relation to sex, geographical origin, position on the labor market, and time since first immigration.Methods: This study included migrants to Sweden since 1960 who were 28-47 years old in 1990, and included 243 860 individuals. The comparison group comprised a random sample of 859 653 native Swedes. These cohorts were followed from 1991 to 2008 in national registers. The immigrants were divided into four groups based on geographic origin. Hazard ratios for men and women from different geographic origins and with different employment status were analyzed separately for the six outcomes, with adjustment for age, education level, and income. The influence of length of residence in Sweden was analyzed separately.Results: Nordic immigrants had increased risks for all investigated outcomes while most other groups had equal or lower risks for those outcomes than the Swedes. The lowest HRs were found in the EU 15+ group (from western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand). All groups, except Nordic immigrants, had lower risk of mortality, but all had higher risk of disability pension receipt compared with native Swedes. Unemployed non-Nordic men displayed equal or lower HRs for most outcomes, except disability pension receipt, compared with unemployed Swedish men. A longer time since first immigration improved the health status of men, while women showed opposite results.Conclusions: Employment status and length of residence are important factors for health. The contradictory results of low mortality and high disability pension risks need more attention. There is great potential to increase the knowledge in this field in Sweden, because of the high quality registers.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Johansson, Gustav, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of post-ADC digital beamforming for large aperture array radars
- 2010
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In: Radio Science. - 0048-6604 .- 1944-799X. ; 45:RS3001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents simulations and methods developed to investigate the feasibility of using a Fractional-Sample-Delay (FSD) system in the planned EISCAT_3D incoherent scatter radar. Key requirements include a frequency-independent beam direction over a 30 MHz band centered around 220 MHz, with correct reconstruction of pulse lengths down to 200 ns. The clock jitter from sample to sample must be extremely low for the integer sample delays. The FSD must also be able to delay the 30 MHz wide signal band by 1/1024th of a sample without introducing phase shifts, and it must operate entirely in baseband. An extensive simulation system based on mathematical models has been developed, with inclusion of performance-degrading aspects such as noise, timing error, and bandwidth. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters in the baseband of a band-pass-sampled signal have been used to apply true time delay beamforming. It has been confirmed that such use is both possible and well behaved. The target beam-pointing accuracy of 0.06° is achievable using optimized FIR filters with lengths of 36 taps and an 18 bit coefficient resolution. Even though the minimum fractional delay step necessary for beamforming is ∼13.1 ps, the maximum sampling timing error allowed in the array is found to be σ ≤ 120 ps if the errors are close to statistically independent.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Larsson, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Brain Responses to Visceral Stimuli Reflect Visceral Sensitivity Thresholds in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- 2012
-
In: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 142:3, s. 463-472
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS:Only a fraction of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have increased perceptual sensitivity to rectal distension, indicating differences in processing and/or modulation of visceral afferent signals. We investigated the brain mechanisms of these perceptual differences.METHODS:We analyzed data from 44 women with IBS and 20 female healthy subjects (controls). IBS symptom severity was determined by a severity scoring system. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression score. Blood oxygen level-dependent signals were measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging during expectation and delivery of high (45 mmHg) and low (15 mmHg) intensity rectal distensions. Perception thresholds to rectal distension were determined in the scanner. Brain imaging data were compared among 18 normosensitive and 15 hypersensitive patients with IBS and 18 controls. Results were reported significant if peak P-values were ≤.05, with family-wise error correction in regions of interest.RESULTS:The subgroups of patients with IBS were similar in age, symptom duration, psychological symptoms, and IBS symptom severity. Although brain responses to distension were similar between normosensitive patients and controls, hypersensitive patients with IBS had greater activation of insula and reduced deactivation in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex during noxious rectal distensions, compared to controls and normosensitive patients with IBS. During expectation of rectal distension, normosensitive patients with IBS had more activation in right hippocampus than controls.CONCLUSIONS:Despite similarities in symptoms, hyper- and normosensitive patients with IBS differ in cerebral responses to standardized rectal distensions and their expectation, consistent with differences in ascending visceral afferent input.
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| 32. |
- Lin, Jing, et al.
(author)
-
Bayesian survival analysis in reliability for complex system with a cure fraction
- 2011
-
In: International Journal of Performability Engineering. - 0973-1318. ; 7:2, s. 109-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In traditional methods for reliability analysis, one complex system is often considered as being composed by some subsystems in series. Usually, the failure of any subsystem would be supposed to lead to the failure of the entire system. However, some subsystems' lifetimes are long enough and even never fail during the life cycle of the entire system. Moreover, such subsystems' lifetimes will not be influenced equally under different circumstances. In practice, such interferences will affect the model's accuracy, but it is seldom considered in traditional analysis. To address these shortcomings, this paper presents a new approach to do reliability analysis for complex systems. Here a certain fraction of the subsystems is defined as a "cure fraction" under the consideration that such subsystems' lifetimes are long enough and even never fail during the life cycle of the entire system. By introducing environmental covariates and the joint power prior, the proposed model is developed within the Bayesian survival analysis framework, and thus the problem for censored (or truncated) data in reliability tests can be resolved. In addition, a Markov chain Monte Carlo computational scheme is implemented and a numeric example is discussed to demonstrate the proposed model
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| 33. |
- Lin, Jing, et al.
(author)
-
Spares demand system with consideration of integration management and optimization
- 2011
-
In: 2011 International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering. - 9780983169314 ; , s. 1-4
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Inventory management differs from other manufacturing inventory managements, mainly due to its specialists in function with maintenance. So far, enormous attention has been paid by standing on spares’ manufacturingfactories, sales companies, end users’ purchasing departments, or maintenance engineers, separately. However, not only “bullwhip effect” in forecasting spares demands, but also deteriorated relationships among the spares supply chains have shown that, spares optimization strategies with isolated consideration couldonly bring short-term or partial improvements. In this paper, the spares demand system with consideration of integration management is promoted, the new Solid-Net relationships among four main components are elaborated. Then, the root causes of ineffective in spares demand system are analyzed. Also, distinctoptimization policies are illustrated. What’s more, successful stories in practice are cited.
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| 34. |
- Ling, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
Efficient channel equalization for MIMO underwater acoustic communications
- 2010
-
In: 2010 IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424489787 - 9781424493951 ; , s. 73-76
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Linear minimum mean-squared error (LMMSE)-based channel equalization is widely used in multi-input multioutput (MIMO) underwater acoustic communications (UAC). The practical challenge of LMMSE based schemes is the necessity of matrix inversion which generally imposes heavy computational burden on the receiver. To obtain the LMMSE filters efficiently, we exploit the conjugate gradient method and the diagonalization properties of circulant matrices. The proposed scheme is based on fast Fourier transform operations and can be implemented in parallel, which makes it a promising candidate for real-time MIMO underwater acoustic communications. Both numerical and SPACE'08 experimental examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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| 35. |
- Ling, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
Multi-input multi-output underwater communications over sparse and frequency modulated acoustic channels
- 2011
-
In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 130:1, s. 249-262
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications over sparse acoustic channels suffering from frequency modulations. An extension of the recently introduced SLIM algorithm, which stands for sparse learning via iterative minimization, is presented to estimate the sparse and frequency modulated acoustic channels. The extended algorithm is referred to as generalization of SLIM (GoSLIM). The sparseness is exploited through a hierarchical Bayesian model, and because GoSLIM is user parameter free, it is easy to use in practical applications. Moreover this paper considers channel equalization and symbol detection for various MIMO transmission schemes, including both space-time block coding and spatial multiplexing, under the challenging channel conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated using in-water experimental measurements recently acquired during WHOI09 and ACOMM10 experiments.
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| 36. |
- Ling, Jun, et al.
(author)
-
On Bayesian channel estimation and FFT-based symbol detection in MIMO underwater acoustic communications
- 2014
-
In: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering. - 0364-9059 .- 1558-1691. ; 39:1, s. 59-73
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reliable channel estimation and effective interference cancellation are essential for enhancing the performance of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. In this paper, an efficient user-parameter-free Bayesian approach, referred to as sparse learning via iterative minimization (SLIM), is presented. SLIM provides good channel estimation performance along with reduced computational complexity compared to iterative adaptive approach (IAA). Moreover, RELAX-BLAST, which is a linear minimum mean-squared error (MMSE)-based symbol detection scheme, is implemented efficiently by making use of the conjugate gradient (CG) method and diagonalization properties of circulant matrices. The proposed algorithm requires only simple fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations and facilitates parallel implementations. These MIMO UAC techniques are evaluated using both simulated and in-water experimental examples. The 2008 Surface Processes and Acoustic Communications Experiment (SPACE08) experimental results show that the proposed MIMO UAC schemes can enjoy almost error-free performance even under severe ocean environments.
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| 37. |
- Lowén, Mats, et al.
(author)
-
Effect of hypnotherapy and educational intervention on brain response to visceral stimulus in the irritable bowel syndrome
- 2013
-
In: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 37:12, s. 1184-1197
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background Gut-directed hypnotherapy can reduce IBS symptoms, but the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect remain unknown. Aim To determine the effect of hypnotherapy and educational intervention on brain responses to cued rectal distensions in IBS patients. Methods Forty-four women with moderate-to-severe IBS and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals were measured by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during expectation and delivery of high- (45mmHg) and low-intensity (15mmHg) rectal distensions. Twenty-five patients were assigned to hypnotherapy (HYP) and 16 to educational intervention (EDU). Thirty-one patients completed treatments and posttreatment fMRI. Results Similar symptom reduction was achieved in both groups. Clinically successful treatment (all responders) was associated with significant BOLD attenuation during high-intensity distension in the dorsal and ventral anterior insula (cluster size 142, P=0.006, and cluster size 101, P=0.005 respectively). Moreover HYP responders demonstrated a prepost treatment BOLD attenuation in posterior insula (cluster sizes 59, P=0.05) while EDU responders had a BOLD attenuation in prefrontal cortex (cluster size 60, P=0.05). Prepost differences for expectation conditions were almost exclusively seen in the HYP group. Following treatment, the brain response to distension was similar to that observed in HCs, suggesting that the treatment had a normalising effect on the central processing abnormality of visceral signals in IBS. Conclusions The abnormal processing and enhanced perception of visceral stimuli in IBS can be normalised by psychological interventions. Symptom improvement in the treatment groups may be mediated by different brain mechanisms. Clinical trial number: NCT01815164.
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| 38. |
- Lundberg, Anna, 1977-
(author)
-
Ink-paper interactions and effect on print quality in inkjet printing
- 2011
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis concerns paper and ink interactions related to inkjet printing. Themain purpose of this work was to gain a deeper understanding in whichparameters control the flow of ink into papers and how the ink interacts with thepaper surface. The overall objective was to find key parameters to optimize theprint quality in inkjet printing. Characterization of paper-surfaces in terms of porosity, surface roughness andsurface energy was made. Objective and subjective measurements were used forprint quality evaluation. Light microscopy imaging and SEM was used to see howink interacts with the paper surface in a printed image. A high speed camera wasused to study the absorption of picolitre sized inkjet droplets into fine papers.An initial study on the effect of paper properties on print quality was made.Result indicated that there were small differences in print quality for pilot paperswith different composition (in a specific parameter window) and the commercialpaper COLORLOK® reproduced a noticeable high colour gamut compared to theother samples.Research was made to see how surface fixation can affect the print quality forprintouts made with pigmented ink. Surface fixation promotes retention of thepigmented colorant in the outermost surface layer of the paper and has beendenoted “colorant fixation” in this thesis.It was shown that applying colorant fixation onto a paper surface beforeprinting can increase the detail reproduction in a printed image. Differentconcentrations of calcium chloride were applied onto the paper surface on fullscaleproduced non-commercial papers. Test printing was made with a SoHo(Small office/Home office) printer using pigmented ink and results showed thatusing calcium chloride as surface treatment can lead to aggregation of pigments atthe surface resulting in a higher detail reproduction.Fast absorption of the carrier liquid into the paper and fast fixation ofcolourants on the surface is important in inkjet printing to avoid colour to colourbleeding. These demands will be more pronounced when the printing speedincreases. It is important to understand which parameters affect the absorption process tobe able to control the mechanisms and to optimize the print quality.A study of absorption of picolitre size inkjet droplets into fine paper was madein this work. Theoretical equations describing fluid absorption into capillaries weretested and compared with experimental results. The result showed that the timedependence in the Lucas-Washburn (L-W) equation fits fairly well to data whereasthe L-W equation overestimates the penetration depth.The results are directly applicable to paper and printing industry and can beused as a base for future studies of absorption of picolitre sized droplets intoporous materials and for studies of aggregation of colloidal particles on surfaces.
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| 39. |
- Lundberg, Emil, et al.
(author)
-
High-resolution 3D reflection seismic investigation over a quick-clay landslide scar in southwest Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Geophysics. - 0016-8033 .- 1942-2156. ; 79:2, s. B97-B107
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quick-clay landslides often occur in the northern hemisphere in areas that were covered by Pleistocene glaciation. They are particularly common along the shorelines of the Göta River in southwestern Sweden. Characterization of potential landslide areas and identification of features that indicate high risk are necessary to better understand the triggering mechanisms of these events. Therefore, an intensive characterization project has been initiated at the location of the Fråstad landslide in Sweden. Part of the characterization program included the acquisition of 3D reflection seismic data to image structures in the normally consolidated sediments, as well as the bedrock topography below the landslide scar. Two seismic horizons within the glacial and post-glacial sediments were observed. The shallowest seismic horizon (here referred to as S1) corresponds to a coarse-grained layer that was previously detected by eight geotechnical boreholes located within the 3D survey area. Discontinuities in S1, mapped by the 3D reflection seismic data, occur across a zone that correlates with the landslide scar boundary, suggesting that this zone may have played a role in triggering and/or in limiting the extension of the landslide. If S1 is truncated by or mixed with clays in this zone, then the outflow of water from the permeable S1 into the clays above may have increased the amount of quick-clays above this zone. The increased outflow of water may also have caused a higher pore-water pressure south of the zone, which in turn could have acted as a trigger for the landslide. This study shows the potential of using the 3D reflection seismic method as a complement to drilling and other geophysical methods when performing landslide site investigations. It also demonstrates the importance of further investigating the relationship between 3D subsurface geometries and landslide development.
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| 40. |
- Lundberg, Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Economic Evaluation of Posaconazole Versus Fluconazole or Itraconazole in the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infection in High-Risk Neutropenic Patients in Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Clinical drug investigation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1173-2563 .- 1179-1918. ; 34:7, s. 483-489
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background In patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), posaconazole has been proven more effective in the prevention of invasive fungal infection (IFI) than fluconazole or itraconazole (standard azoles) The current analysis seeks to estimate the cost effectiveness of prophylactic posaconazole compared with standard azoles in AML or MDS patients with severe chemotherapyinduced neutropenia in Sweden. Methods A decision-analytic model was used to estimate life expectancy, costs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Efficacy data were derived from a phase III clinical trial. Life expectancy and quality of life data were collected from the literature. A modified Delphi method was used to gather expert opinion on resource use for an IFI. Unit costs were captured from hospital and pharmacy pricelists. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was used to investigate the impact of uncertainty in the model parameters on the cost-effectiveness results. Results The estimated mean direct cost per patient with posaconazole prophylaxis was 46,8(3 Swedish kronor (SEK) (epsilon 5,387) and SEK50,017 (epsilon 5,746) with standard azoles. Prophylaxis with posaconazole resulted in 0.075 QALYs gained compared with standard azoles. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of SEK500,000/QALY the PSA demonstrated a more than (5 % probability that posaconazole is cost effective versus standard azoles for the prevention of IFI in high-risk neutropenic patients in Sweden. Conclusion Given the assumptions, methods, and data used, posaconazole is expected to be cost effective compared with standard azoles when used as antifungal prophylaxis in AML or MDS patients with chemotherapyinduced prolonged neutropenia in Sweden.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Lundberg, Magnus, 1972-
(author)
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Den palmarianska kyrkan
- 2010
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In: Signum. - Uppsala : Signum. - 0347-0423. ; 36:5, s. 41-47
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Lundberg, Magnus
(author)
-
Fighting the Modern with the Virgin Mary The Palmarian Church
- 2013
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In: Nova Religio. - : University of California Press. - 1092-6690 .- 1541-8480. ; 17:2, s. 40-60
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article provides a study of the organizational development and self-understanding of the Spanish Palmarian movement that emerged from a series of Marian apparitions in the Andalusian town of Palmar de Troya beginning in 1968. Within a year the leading visionary was Clemente Dominguez, whose received messages leveled severe criticism against the post-Vatican II Roman Catholic Church. In the mid-1970s, the Palmarians ordained their own priests and consecrated their own bishops; in 1978, Dominguez declared himself divinely elected pope and founded the Palmarian Church. At the beginning, Palmar de Troya was a typical apparition case, but development of apparition contents, a solid financial base, and the tumultuous relationship with the Roman Catholic Church eventually led to the founding of a separate church. From its inception, the Palmarian Church claimed that the outside world was evil, but with time it has become even more closed and exclusive.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Lundberg, Magnus, 1972-
(author)
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Inledning
- 2012
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In: Religion i Latinamerika. - Stockholm : Dialogos. - 9789175042466
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
- Lundberg, Magnus
(author)
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Jesuiterna, Kina och Europa
- 2014
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In: Världen på Kulturen. Kulturens årsbok 2014. - Lund : Kulturen i Lund. ; , s. 101-111
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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