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- Johansen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Estimates of Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Costs due to Severe Rotavirus Infections leading to Hospitalization in Swedish Children (<5 years)
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Estimates of economic benefit of rotavirus vaccination depend on the accuracy of calculated country-specific costs related to rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE). Transmission of disease to family members adds to the economic burden through loss of caregiver productivity. The aim of this study was to assess costs related to severe RVGE.Material and methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in a large hospital in the Stockholm region, serving a population of 66,222 children < 5 years. RVGE related health care resource use and time off work were collected from a sample of families with hospitalised children due to community- and nosocomially-derived RVGE (n=153). Health care related costs were calculated using 2008 DRG reimbursement for acute diarrhoea and productivity loss using self reported absence combined with 2008 Swedish average cost for a working hour (€28) from SCB/Statistics Sweden.Results: Median age of hospitalised children was 15 months. For caregivers, average workday loss due to children's, siblings or own disease was 4.2 days and 1.2 days, respectively. Estimated average total cost per child was €3227, €1949 (60%) for health -care related costs, €1186 (37%) productivity loss and €92 (3%) due to other indirect costs.Conclusions: Economic burden of RVGE is primarily driven by costs related to in-patient care, sensitive to unit cost used. However, loss of productivity is also significant in spite of generous parental allowance in Sweden, 12-18 months per child. A limitation of this study is that productivity loss from care for non-hospitalized children and its household members was not assessed.
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- Rana, A. K. M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Health education improves both arthritis-related illness and self-rated health : An intervention study among older people in rural Bangladesh
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 124:12, s. 705-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine changes in self-reported arthritis-related illness and self-rated health as a result of a health education intervention, and the association between self-reported arthritis-related illness and self-rated health. Study design: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in eight randomly selected villages in rural Bangladesh (intervention = 4; control = 4). Methods: The intervention consisted of home-based physical activities, health advice and aspects of healthcare management over 15 months followed by a 3-month latent period. Data were collected before the intervention and after the latent period. Analyses included 839 participants (>= 60 years of age) who participated in both surveys. Participants in the intervention area were further categorized into two groups who self-reported compliance or non-compliance with recommended health advice. Self-rated health was assessed using a single global question. Self-reported arthritis-related illness was indicated by the presence of arthritis, back and joint pain, biting sensation, swelling and inflammation in the joints. Results: Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that positive effects on episodes of arthritis-related illness [ odds ratio (OR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-2.8] and self-rated health (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9) were more likely among the compliant group compared with the control group. Furthermore, positive self-rated health was more likely among participants reporting a positive change in their arthritis-related illness (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.2). The results also showed that literate and non-poor participants were more likely to report positive health, and participants with advancing age were less likely to report positive health. Conclusion: Community-based health education is effective in reducing the burden of arthritis-related illness and in enhancing general health in old age.
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- von der Lieth, Claus-Wilhelm, et al.
(författare)
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EUROCarbDB : an open-access platform for glycoinformatics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 21:4, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EUROCarbDB project is a design study for a technical framework, which provides sophisticated, freely accessible, open-source informatics tools and databases to support glycobiology and glycomic research. EUROCarbDB is a relational database containing glycan structures, their biological context and, when available, primary and interpreted analytical data from high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Database content can be accessed via a web-based user interface. The database is complemented by a suite of glycoinformatics tools, specifically designed to assist the elucidation and submission of glycan structure and experimental data when used in conjunction with contemporary carbohydrate research workflows. All software tools and source code are licensed under the terms of the Lesser General Public License, and publicly contributed structures and data are freely accessible. The public test version of the web interface to the EUROCarbDB can be found at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/eurocarb.
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- Björkman, Ingeborg, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions among Swedish hospital physicians on prescribing of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
- 2010
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Ingår i: Quality and Safety in Healthcare. - : BMJ. - 1475-3898 .- 1470-7934 .- 1475-3901. ; 19:6, s. e8-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore and describe perceptions of antibiotic prescribing among Swedish hospital physicians, with special reference to whether the perceptions included awareness of antibiotic resistance (AR). Design: A phenomenographic approach was used and data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Setting: Hospitals in seven different counties in central Sweden. Participants A strategic sample of 20 hospital physicians specialising in internal medicine, surgery or urology. Main outcome The variation of perceptions of antibiotic prescribing. Results: Five qualitative different perceptions were found. AR was considered in two of the perceptions. Reasons for not considering AR included a dominating focus on the care of the patient combined with lack of focus on restrictive antibiotic use, or uncertainty about how to manage infectious diseases or the pressure from the healthcare organisation. Parallels between the five perceptions and the stages in the transtheoretical model of health behaviour change were seen. Conclusions: In three of the perceptions, AR was not considered when antibiotics were prescribed. Physicians who primarily express these three perceptions do not seem to be prepared to change to restrictive prescribing. Our findings can be useful in designing activities that encourage AR prevention. Organisational changes are also needed.
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- Khan, MS, et al.
(författare)
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Health-seeking behaviour of women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 1758-1052 .- 0956-4624. ; 22:7, s. 376-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge and health-seeking behaviour related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and abortion among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan. This was a cross-sectional, community-based, quantitative study. A total of 730 women selling sex were recruited by respondent-driven sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews. The median age of the participants was 30 years. Thirteen percent of the participants said it was common for them to have an abnormal vaginal discharge. Seventy-five percent of the participants recognized STIs as either leucorrhoea or AIDS. Sixty-five percent of the participants complained of having suffered from STI(s) in the six months preceding the survey, of whom 28% sought treatment. Women selling sex who reported consistent condom use were 1.5 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.2) more likely to seek treatment than women who did not report consistent condom use. The level of knowledge about STIs remains low among women selling sex in Lahore, Pakistan, and health-seeking behaviour for the management of STIs and abortions is influenced by ability to pay and ease of access in the private sector.
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- Roslund, Mattias U., et al.
(författare)
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Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-, di-, and trisaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER
- 2011
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6215 .- 1873-426X. ; 346:11, s. 1311-1319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The computer program casper uses 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift data of mono- to trisaccharides for the prediction of chemical shifts of oligo- and polysaccharides. In order to improve the quality of these predictions the 1H and 13C, as well as 31P when applicable, NMR chemical shifts of 30 mono-, di-, and trisaccharides were assigned. The reducing sugars gave two distinct sets of NMR resonances due to the α- and β-anomeric forms. In total 35 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift data sets were obtained from the oligosaccharides. One- and two-dimensional NMR experiments were used for the chemical shift assignments and special techniques were employed in some cases such as 2D 1H,13C-HSQC Hadamard Transform methodology which was acquired approximately 45 times faster than a regular t1 incremented 1H,13C-HSQC experiment and a 1D 1H,1H-CSSF-TOCSY experiment which was able to distinguish spin-systems in which the target protons were only 3.3 Hz apart. The 1H NMR chemical shifts were subsequently refined using total line-shape analysis with the PERCH NMR software. The acquired NMR data were then utilized in the casper program (http://www.casper.organ.su.se/casper/) for NMR chemical shift predictions of the O-antigen polysaccharides from Klebsiella O5, Shigella flexneri serotype X, and Salmonella arizonae O62. The data were compared to experimental data of the polysaccharides from the two former strains and the lipopolysaccharide of the latter strain showing excellent agreement between predicted and experimental 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts.
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