| 1. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Does Health-Care Consolidation Harm Patients? : Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Economic Journal. - : American Economic Association. - 1945-7731 .- 1945-774X. ; 16:1, s. 160-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth -related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in travel distance have no distinguishable effects. Positive effects on infant health reflect a shift of births from smaller to larger wards of higher quality.
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| 2. |
- Avdic, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Does Health-Care Consolidation Harm Patients? Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures
- 2024
-
Ingår i: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy. - 1945-7731. ; 16:1, s. 160-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth-related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in travel distance have no distinguishable effects. Positive effects on infant health reflect a shift of births from smaller to larger wards of higher quality.
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| 3. |
- Bingley, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Brothers in Arms Spillovers from a Draft Lottery
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Resources. - 0022-166X. ; 56:1, s. 225-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While family members tend to have similar labor market outcomes, measuring the contribution of behavioral spillovers is difficult. To identify spillovers between brothers, we exploit Denmark's largest random assignment of young men—to eight months of military service, where service status of brothers is correlated, but draft lottery numbers are not. We find average spillovers of elder brother service on younger brother service of 7 percent, and as high as 55 percent for closely spaced brothers without sisters. Elder brother's military service affects his own occupational choice and his younger brother's service by discouraging any refusal to serve.
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| 4. |
- Bingley, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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The Opportunity Costs of Mandatory Military Service : Evidence from a Draft Lottery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Labor Economics. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1537-5307 .- 0734-306X. ; 38:1, s. 39-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conscription forces young men to serve in the military, irrespective of their opportunity costs. Using random assignment in the Danish draft lottery, we find a negative average effect of peacetime military service on earnings, an effect varying by ability, with high-ability men facing a $23,000 lifetime earnings penalty but with low-ability men facing none. This gradient is robust to different measures of labor market prospects. Educational disruption is an important mechanism, while service has little effect on health or criminal activity. The opportunity costs of conscription are borne by men with the best labor market prospects.
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| 5. |
- Black, Sandra E., et al.
(författare)
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Poor Little Rich Kids? The Role of Nature versus Nurture in Wealth and Other Economic Outcomes and Behaviours
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0034-6527 .- 1467-937X. ; 87:4, s. 1683-1725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wealth is highly correlated between parents and their children; however, little is known about the extent to which these relationships are genetic or determined by environmental factors. We use administrative data on the net wealth of a large sample of Swedish adoptees merged with similar information for their biological and adoptive parents. Comparing the relationship between the wealth of adopted and biological parents and that of the adopted child, we find that, even prior to any inheritance, there is a substantial role for environment and a much smaller role for pre-birth factors and we find little evidence that nature/nurture interactions are important. When bequests are taken into account, the role of adoptive parental wealth becomes much stronger. Our findings suggest that wealth transmission is not primarily because children from wealthier families are inherently more talented or more able but that, even in relatively egalitarian Sweden, wealth begets wealth. We further build on the existing literature by providing a more comprehensive view of the role of nature and nurture on intergenerational mobility, looking at a wide range of different outcomes using a common sample and method. We find that environmental influences are relatively more important for wealth-related variables such as savings and investment decisions than for human capital. We conclude by studying consumption as an overall measure of welfare and find that, like wealth, it is more determined by environment than by biology.
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| 6. |
- Lundborg, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Effects of Childhood Nutrition : Evidence from a School Lunch Reform
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Review of Economic Studies. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0034-6527 .- 1467-937X. ; 89:2, s. 876-908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the long-term impact of a policy-driven change in childhood nutrition. For this purpose, we evaluate a program that rolled out nutritious school lunches free of charge to all pupils in Swedish primary schools between 1959 and 1969. We estimate the impact of the program on children’s economic, educational, and health outcomes throughout life. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3% higher lifetime income. The effect was greater for pupils that were exposed at earlier ages and for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and health, which can explain a large part of the effect of the program on lifetime income.
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| 7. |
- Lundborg, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Nutritious School Lunches on Education, Health, and Life-Time Income
- 2022
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Ingår i: CESifo Forum. - 1615-245X .- 2190-717X. ; 23:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we present the long-run gains of adopting a nutritious school meal program for Swedish children. During the 1960s, Sweden rolled out a universal program that provided nutritious school lunches free of charge to all children in Swedish primary schools. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3 percent greater life-time earnings. This effect was greater for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the school lunch program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and health
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