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| 2. |
- Ely, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecological Informatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1574-9541. ; 61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaf-level gas exchange data support the mechanistic understanding of plant fluxes of carbon and water. These fluxes inform our understanding of ecosystem function, are an important constraint on parameterization of terrestrial biosphere models, are necessary to understand the response of plants to global environmental change, and are integral to efforts to improve crop production. Collection of these data using gas analyzers can be both technically challenging and time consuming, and individual studies generally focus on a small range of species, restricted time periods, or limited geographic regions. The high value of these data is exemplified by the many publications that reuse and synthesize gas exchange data, however the lack of metadata and data reporting conventions make full and efficient use of these data difficult. Here we propose a reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata to provide guidance to data contributors on how to store data in repositories to maximize their discoverability, facilitate their efficient reuse, and add value to individual datasets. For data users, the reporting format will better allow data repositories to optimize data search and extraction, and more readily integrate similar data into harmonized synthesis products. The reporting format specifies data table variable naming and unit conventions, as well as metadata characterizing experimental conditions and protocols. For common data types that were the focus of this initial version of the reporting format, i.e., survey measurements, dark respiration, carbon dioxide and light response curves, and parameters derived from those measurements, we took a further step of defining required additional data and metadata that would maximize the potential reuse of those data types. To aid data contributors and the development of data ingest tools by data repositories we provided a translation table comparing the outputs of common gas exchange instruments. Extensive consultation with data collectors, data users, instrument manufacturers, and data scientists was undertaken in order to ensure that the reporting format met community needs. The reporting format presented here is intended to form a foundation for future development that will incorporate additional data types and variables as gas exchange systems and measurement approaches advance in the future. The reporting format is published in the U.S. Department of Energy?s ESS-DIVE data repository, with documentation and future development efforts being maintained in a version control system.
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| 3. |
- Axfors, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
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| 6. |
- Furukawa, T. A., et al.
(författare)
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Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-0374 .- 2215-0366. ; 8:6, s. 500-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Findings We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42.0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1.83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2.90 to -0.80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1.20 [95% CrI 0.17 to 2.27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0.32 [95% CrI 0.13 to 0.93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. 511
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| 7. |
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| 9. |
- Neesgaard, B, et al.
(författare)
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How to RESPOND to Modern Challenges for People Living with HIV: A Profile for a New Cohort Consortium
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microorganisms. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2607. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: the International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Disease (RESPOND) is a collaboration dedicated to research on HIV and other infectious diseases. Methods: RESPOND is a flexible organization, with several independent substudies operating under one shared governance. HIV-related variables, including full antiretroviral therapy (ART) history, are collected annually for all participants and merged with substudy specific data into a shared data pool. Incident clinical events are reported using standardized forms. Prospective follow-up started 1/10/17 (enrolment) with retrospective data collected back to 01/01/12. Results: Overall, 17 cohorts from Europe and Australia provided data on 26,258 people living with HIV (PLWH). The majority (43.3%) of the population were white, with men-sex-with-men accounting for 43.3% of the risk for HIV acquisition. The median age was 48 years (IQR 40–56) and 5.2% and 25.5% were known to be co-infected with hepatitis B or C. While 5.3% were ART-naïve, the median duration on ART was 10.1 years (4.8–17.6), with 89.5% having a VL <200 copies/mL and the median CD4 count being 621 cells/µL (438–830). Malignancies (n = 361) and cardiovascular disease (n = 168) were the predominant reported clinical events. Conclusion: RESPOND’s large, diverse study population and standardized clinical endpoints puts the consortium in a unique position to respond to the diverse modern challenges for PLWH.
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| 10. |
- Butler, C. C., et al.
(författare)
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Oseltamivir plus usual care versus usual care for influenza-like illness in primary care: an open-label, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lancet. - : Elsevier BV. - 0140-6736. ; 395:10217, s. 42-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Antivirals are infrequently prescribed in European primary care for influenza-like illness, mostly because of perceived ineffectiveness in real world primary care and because individuals who will especially benefit have not been identified in independent trials. We aimed to determine whether adding antiviral treatment to usual primary care for patients with influenza-like illness reduces time to recovery overall and in key subgroups. Methods We did an open-label, pragmatic, adaptive, randomised controlled trial of adding oseltamivir to usual care in patients aged 1 year and older presenting with influenza-like illness in primary care. The primary endpoint was time to recovery, defined as return to usual activities, with fever, headache, and muscle ache minor or absent. The trial was designed and powered to assess oseltamivir benefit overall and in 36 prespecified subgroups defined by age, comorbidity, previous symptom duration, and symptom severity, using a Bayesian piece-wise exponential primary analysis model. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN Registry, number ISRCTN 27908921. Findings Between Jan 15, 2016, and April 12, 2018, we recruited 3266 participants in 15 European countries during three seasonal influenza seasons, allocated 1629 to usual care plus oseltamivir and 1637 to usual care, and ascertained the primary outcome in 1533 (94%) and 1526 (93%). 1590 (52%) of 3059 participants had PCR-confirmed influenza infection. Time to recovery was shorter in participants randomly assigned to oseltamivir (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% Bayesian credible interval [BCrI] 1.20-1.39) overall and in 30 of the 36 prespecified subgroups, with estimated hazard ratios ranging from 1.13 to 1.72. The estimated absolute mean benefit from oseltamivir was 1.02 days (95% [BCrI] 0.74-1.31) overall, and in the prespecified subgroups, ranged from 0.70 (95% BCrI 0.30-1.20) in patients younger than 12 years, with less severe symptoms, no comorbidities, and shorter previous illness duration to 3.20 (95% BCrI 1.00-5.50) in patients aged 65 years or older who had more severe illness, comorbidities, and longer previous illness duration. Regarding harms, an increased burden of vomiting or nausea was observed in the oseltamivir group. Interpretation Primary care patients with influenza-like illness treated with oseltamivir recovered one day sooner on average than those managed by usual care alone. Older, sicker patients with comorbidities and longer previous symptom duration recovered 2-3 days sooner. Copyright (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Li, X., et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of adding oseltamivir to primary care for influenza-like-illness: economic evaluation alongside the randomised controlled ALIC(4)E trial in 15 European countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-7598 .- 1618-7601. ; 24:6, s. 909-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Oseltamivir is usually not often prescribed (or reimbursed) for non-high-risk patients consulting for influenza-like-illness (ILI) in primary care in Europe. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding oseltamivir to usual primary care in adults/adolescents (13 years +) and children with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics, using data collected in an open-label, multi-season, randomised controlled trial of oseltamivir in 15 European countries. Methods Direct and indirect cost estimates were based on patient reported resource use and official country-specific unit costs. Health-Related Quality of Life was assessed by EQ-5D questionnaires. Costs and quality adjusted life-years (QALY) were bootstrapped (N = 10,000) to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), from both the healthcare payers' and the societal perspectives, with uncertainty expressed through probabilistic sensitivity analysis and expected value for perfect information (EVPI) analysis. Additionally, scenario (self-reported spending), comorbidities subgroup and country-specific analyses were performed. Results The healthcare payers' expected ICERs of oseltamivir were euro22,459 per QALY gained in adults/adolescents and euro13,001 in children. From the societal perspective, oseltamivir was cost-saving in adults/adolescents, but the ICER is euro8,344 in children. Large uncertainties were observed in subgroups with comorbidities, especially for children. The expected ICERs and extent of decision uncertainty varied between countries (EVPI ranged euro1-euro35 per patient). Conclusion Adding oseltamivir to primary usual care in Europe is likely to be cost-effective for treating adults/adolescents and children with ILI from the healthcare payers' perspective (if willingness-to-pay per QALY gained > euro22,459) and cost-saving in adults/adolescents from a societal perspective.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Ouchi, D., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical prediction of laboratory-confirmed influenza in adults with influenza-like illness in primary care. A randomized controlled trial secondary analysis in 15 European countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Family Practice. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0263-2136 .- 1460-2229. ; 39:3, s. 398-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lay Summary Influenza is usually diagnosed clinically. However, the accuracy of a diagnosis of influenza based on clinical features is limited because symptoms overlap considerably with those caused by other microorganisms. This study examined whether identification of the severity rather than the presence of key signs and symptoms could aid in the diagnosis of influenza, thereby helping clinicians to determine when antiviral agent use is appropriate. The authors used the database of a previous randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of an antiviral carried out in primary care centers in 15 countries in Europe during three epidemic periods from 2015/2016 to 2017/2018. Participants with influenza symptoms were included and they were asked about the presence and severity of different symptoms during the baseline visit with their doctors and a nasopharyngeal swab was taken for microbiological analysis. Overall, only 51% of the patients aged 18 or older had a confirmed influenza infection. Clinical findings are not particularly useful for confirming or excluding the diagnosis of influenza. However, the results of our study recommend considering how intense the different symptoms are, since key symptoms rated as moderate or severe are slightly better for predicting flu rather than the presence or absence of these symptoms. Background Clinical findings do not accurately predict laboratory diagnosis of influenza. Early identification of influenza is considered useful for proper management decisions in primary care. Objective We evaluated the diagnostic value of the presence and the severity of symptoms for the diagnosis of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection among adults presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in primary care. Methods Secondary analysis of patients with ILI who participated in a clinical trial from 2015 to 2018 in 15 European countries. Patients rated signs and symptoms as absent, minor, moderate, or major problem. A nasopharyngeal swab was taken for microbiological identification of influenza and other microorganisms. Models were generated considering (i) the presence of individual symptoms and (ii) the severity rating of symptoms. Results A total of 2,639 patients aged 18 or older were included in the analysis. The mean age was 41.8 +/- 14.7 years, and 1,099 were men (42.1%). Influenza was microbiologically confirmed in 1,337 patients (51.1%). The area under the curve (AUC) of the model for the presence of any of seven symptoms for detecting influenza was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.68), whereas the AUC of the symptom severity model, which included eight variables-cough, fever, muscle aches, sweating and/or chills, moderate to severe overall disease, age, abdominal pain, and sore throat-was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.69-0.72). Conclusion Clinical prediction of microbiologically confirmed influenza in adults with ILI is slightly more accurate when based on patient reported symptom severity than when based on the presence or absence of symptoms.
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| 15. |
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The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 259:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the seventeenth data release (DR17) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fifth and final release from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). DR17 contains the complete release of the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey, which reached its goal of surveying over 10,000 nearby galaxies. The complete release of the MaNGA Stellar Library accompanies this data, providing observations of almost 30,000 stars through the MaNGA instrument during bright time. DR17 also contains the complete release of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 survey that publicly releases infrared spectra of over 650,000 stars. The main sample from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), as well as the subsurvey Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey data were fully released in DR16. New single-fiber optical spectroscopy released in DR17 is from the SPectroscipic IDentification of ERosita Survey subsurvey and the eBOSS-RM program. Along with the primary data sets, DR17 includes 25 new or updated value-added catalogs. This paper concludes the release of SDSS-IV survey data. SDSS continues into its fifth phase with observations already underway for the Milky Way Mapper, Local Volume Mapper, and Black Hole Mapper surveys.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Verheij, T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical presentation, microbiological aetiology and disease course in patients with flu-like illness: A post hoc analysis of randomised controlled trial data
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of General Practice. - 0960-1643. ; 72:716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is little evidence about the relationship between aetiology, illness severity, and clinical course of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in primary care. Understanding these associations would aid in the development of effective management strategies for these infections. Aim To investigate whether clinical presentation and illness course differ between RTIs where a viral pathogen was detected and those where a potential bacterial pathogen was found. Design and setting Post hoc analysis of data from a pragmatic randomised trial on the effects of oseltamivir in patients with flu-like illness in primary care (n = 3266) in 15 European countries. Method Patient characteristics and their signs and symptoms of disease were registered at baseline. Nasopharyngeal (adults) or nasal and pharyngeal (children) swabs were taken for polymerase chain reaction analysis. Patients were followed up until 28 days after inclusion. Regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyse the relationship between aetiology, clinical presentation at baseline, and course of disease including complications. Results Except for a less prominent congested nose (odds ratio [OR] 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.86) and acute cough (OR 0.42, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.65) in patients with flu-like illness in whom a possible bacterial pathogen was isolated, there were no clear clinical differences in presentations between those with a possible bacterial aetiology compared with those with a viral aetiology. Also, course of disease and complications were not related to aetiology. Conclusion Given current available microbiological tests and antimicrobial treatments, and outside pandemics such as COVID-19, microbiological testing in primary care patients with flu-like illness seems to have limited value. A wait-andsee policy in most of these patients with flu-like illness seems the best option. © 2022 Royal College of General Practitioners. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Barbero-Palacios, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems : a systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2047-2382. ; 13:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems.Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles.Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types.Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Michalsen, B. O., et al.
(författare)
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Regional and national antimicrobial stewardship activities: a survey from the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance-Primary Care Antibiotic Audit and Feedback Network (JPIAMR-PAAN)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jac-Antimicrobial Resistance. - 2632-1823. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Antibiotic overuse and misuse in primary care are common, highlighting the importance of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) efforts in this setting. Audit and feedback (A&F) interventions can improve professional practice and performance in some settings. Objectives and methods To leverage the expertise from international members of the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance - Primary care Antibiotic Audit and feedback Network (JPIAMR-PAAN). Network members all have experience of designing and delivering A&F interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in primary care settings. We aim to introduce the network and explore ongoing A&F activities in member regions. An online survey was administered to all network members to collect regional information. Results Fifteen respondents from 11 countries provided information on A&F activities in their country, and national/regional antibiotic stewardship programmes or policies. Most countries use electronic medical records as the primary data source, antibiotic appropriateness as the main outcome of feedback, and target GPs as the prescribers of interest. Funding sources varied across countries, which could influence the frequency and quality of A&F interventions. Nine out of 11 countries reported having a national antibiotic stewardship programme or policy, which aim to provide systematic support to ongoing AMS efforts and aid sustainability. Conclusions The survey identified gaps and opportunities for AMS efforts that include A&F across member countries in Europe, Canada and Australia. JPIAMR-PAAN will continue to leverage its members to produce best practice resources and toolkits for antibiotic A&F interventions in primary care settings and identify research priorities.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Apomorphine formulation may influence subcutaneous complications from continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267:11, s. 3411-3417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous subcutaneous (s.c.) apomorphine infusion is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but a limitation is the formation of troublesome s.c. nodules. Various chemically non-identical apomorphine formulations are available. Anecdotal experiences have suggested that shifting from one of these (Apo-Go PumpFill®; apoGPF) to another (Apomorphine PharmSwed®; apoPS) may influence the occurrence and severity of s.c. nodules. We, therefore, followed 15 people with advanced PD (median PD-duration, 15 years; median "off"-phase Hoehn and Yahr, IV) on apoGPF and with troublesome s.c. nodules who were switched to apoPS. Data were collected at baseline, at the time of switching, and at a median of 1, 2.5, and 7.3 months post-switch. Total nodule numbers (P < 0.001), size (P < 0.001), consistency (P < 0.001), skin changes (P = 0.058), and pain (P ≤ 0.032) improved over the observation period. PD severity and dyskinesias tended to improve and increase, respectively. Apomorphine doses were stable, but levodopa doses increased by 100 mg/day. Patient-reported apomorphine efficacy tended to increase and all participants remained on apoPS throughout the observation period; with the main patient-reported reason being improved nodules. These observations suggest that patients with s.c. nodules caused by apoGPF may benefit from switching to apoPS in terms of s.c. nodule occurrence and severity. Alternatively, observed benefits may have been due to the switch itself. As nodule formation is a limiting factor in apomorphine treatment, a controlled prospective study comparing local tolerance with different formulations is warranted.
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| 27. |
- Långberg, Marie, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral variation of the native passive film on super duplex stainless steel resolved by synchrotron hard X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - Stockholm, : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A native passive film on 25Cr-7Ni super duplex stainless steel was analyzed using synchrotron hard X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, focusing on variations between individual grains of ferrite and austenite phases. The film consists of an oxide inner layer and an oxyhydroxide outer layer, in total 2.3 nm thick. The Cr content is higher in the outer than the inner layer, ca. 80 % on average. The Cr content is higher on ferrite than austenite, whereas the thickness is rather uniform. The grain orientation has a small but detectable influence, ferrite (111) grains have a lower Cr content than other ferrite grains.
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| 28. |
- Schwartz, K. L., et al.
(författare)
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Best practice guidance for antibiotic audit and feedback interventions in primary care: a modified Delphi study from the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial resistance: Primary Care Antibiotic Audit and Feedback Network (JPIAMR-PAAN)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. - 2047-2994. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrimary care is a critical partner for antimicrobial stewardship efforts given its high human antibiotic usage. Peer comparison audit and feedback (A & F) is often used to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The design and implementation of A & F may impact its effectiveness. There are no best practice guidelines for peer comparison A & F in antibiotic prescribing in primary care.ObjectiveTo develop best practice guidelines for peer comparison A & F for antibiotic prescribing in primary care in high income countries by leveraging international expertise via the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance-Primary Care Antibiotic Audit and Feedback Network.MethodsWe used a modified Delphi process to achieve convergence of expert opinions on best practice statements for peer comparison A & F based on existing evidence and theory. Three rounds were performed, each with online surveys and virtual meetings to enable discussion and rating of each best practice statement. A five-point Likert scale was used to rate consensus with a median threshold score of 4 to indicate a consensus statement.ResultsThe final set of guidelines include 13 best practice statements in four categories: general considerations (n = 3), selecting feedback recipients (n = 1), data and indicator selection (n = 4), and feedback delivery (n = 5).ConclusionWe report an expert-derived best practice recommendations for designing and evaluating peer comparison A & F for antibiotic prescribing in primary care. These 13 statements can be used by A & F designers to optimize the impact of their quality improvement interventions, and improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care.
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| 31. |
- Battaglia, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the Endotype Concept to Address the Challenge of Disease Heterogeneity in Type 1 Diabetes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 43:1, s. 5-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes has, for many years, been considered relatively straightforward. Recently, however, there is increasing awareness that within this single clinical phenotype exists considerable heterogeneity: disease onset spans the complete age range; genetic susceptibility is complex; rates of progression differ markedly, as does insulin secretory capacity; and complication rates, glycemic control, and therapeutic intervention efficacy vary widely. Mechanistic and immunopathological studies typically show considerable patchiness across subjects, undermining conclusions regarding disease pathways. Without better understanding, type 1 diabetes heterogeneity represents a major barrier both to deciphering pathogenesis and to the translational effort of designing, conducting, and interpreting clinical trials of disease-modifying agents. This realization comes during a period of unprecedented change in clinical medicine, with increasing emphasis on greater individualization and precision. For complex disorders such as type 1 diabetes, the option of maintaining the "single disease" approach appears untenable, as does the notion of individualizing each single patient's care, obliging us to conceptualize type 1 diabetes less in terms of phenotypes (observable characteristics) and more in terms of disease endotypes (underlying biological mechanisms). Here, we provide our view on an approach to dissect heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes. Using lessons from other diseases and the data gathered to date, we aim to delineate a roadmap through which the field can incorporate the endotype concept into laboratory and clinical practice. We predict that such an effort will accelerate the implementation of precision medicine and has the potential for impact on our approach to translational research, trial design, and clinical management.
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| 32. |
- Lindfors, H, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroglobulin expression, Ki-67 index, and lymph node ratio in the prognostic assessment of papillary thyroid cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1, s. 1070-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical significance of thyroglobulin (Tg) expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been systematically explored in relation to the Ki-67 index, lymph node ratio (LNR), or other conventional prognostic predictors. In this retrospective study of 327 patients with PTC, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of Tg in both primary tumors and their matching lymph node metastases in relation to the Ki-67 index, LNR, and clinical data. Tumoral Tg immunoreactivity was inversely correlated to the Ki-67 index and tumor recurrence. The Ki-67 index was higher in lymph node metastases (mean 4%) than in the primary tumors (mean 3%). Reduced Tg expression, estimated as 0–25% Tg positive tumor cells, was more common in lymph node metastases compared to primary tumors. In addition to advanced metastatic burden (defined as N1b stage and LNR ≥ 21%), low Tg expression (0–25% positive tumor cells) in lymph node metastases had a significant prognostic impact with shorter recurrence-free survival. These findings support the potential value of histopathological assessment of Tg expression and Ki-67 index in lymph node metastases as complementary predictors to anticipate the prognosis of PTC patients better.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Sandom, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Trophic rewilding presents regionally specific opportunities for mitigating climate change
- 2020
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 375:1794
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-bodied mammalian herbivores can influence processes that exacerbate or mitigate climate change. Herbivore impacts are, in turn, influenced by predators that place top-down forcing on prey species within a given body size range. Here, we explore how the functional composition of terrestrial large-herbivore and -carnivore guilds varies between three mammal distribution scenarios: Present-Natural, Current-Day and Extant-Native Trophic (ENT) Rewilding. Considering the effects of herbivore species weakly influenced by top-down forcing, we quantify the relative influence keystone large-herbivore guilds have on methane emissions, woody vegetation expansion, fire dynamics, large-seed dispersal, and nitrogen and phosphorus transport potential. We find strong regional differences in the number of herbivores under weak top-down regulation between our three scenarios, with important implications for how they will influence climate change relevant processes. Under the Present-Natural non-ruminant, megaherbivore, browsers were a particularly important guild across much of the world. Megaherbivore extinction and range contraction and the arrival of livestock mean large, ruminant, grazers have become more dominant. ENT Rewilding can restore the Afrotropics and the Indo-Malay realm to the Present-Natural benchmark, but causes top-down forcing of the largest herbivores to become commonplace elsewhere. ENT Rewilding will reduce methane emissions, but does not maximize natural climate solution potential. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Albertin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface optical reflectance combined with x-ray techniques during gas-surface interactions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics D. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0022-3727 .- 1361-6463. ; 53:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High energy surface x-ray diffraction (HESXRD), x-ray reflectivity (XRR), mass spectrometry (MS) and surface optical reflectance (SOR) have been combined to simultaneously obtain sub-second information on the surface structure and morphology from a Pd(100) model catalyst during in situ oxidation at elevated temperatures and pressures resulting in Pd bulk oxide formation. The results show a strong correlation between the HESXRD and SOR signal intensities during the experiment, enabling phase determination and a time-resolved thickness estimation of the oxide by HESXRD, complemented by XRR measurements. The experiments show a remarkable sensitivity of the SOR to changes in the surface phase and morphology, in particular to the initial stages of oxidation/reduction. The data imply that SOR can detect the formation of an ultrathin PdO surface oxide layer of only 2-3 angstrom thickness.
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| 37. |
- Arnott, Shelley E., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread variation in salt tolerance within freshwater zooplankton species reduces the predictability of community-level salt tolerance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:1, s. 8-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The salinization of freshwaters is a global threat to aquatic biodiversity. We quantified variation in chloride (Cl-) tolerance of 19 freshwater zooplankton species in four countries to answer three questions: (1) How much variation in Cl- tolerance is present among populations? (2) What factors predict intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance? (3) Must we account for intraspecific variation to accurately predict community Cl- tolerance? We conducted field mesocosm experiments at 16 sites and compiled acute LC(50)s from published laboratory studies. We found high variation in LC(50)s for Cl- tolerance in multiple species, which, in the experiment, was only explained by zooplankton community composition. Variation in species-LC50 was high enough that at 45% of lakes, community response was not predictable based on species tolerances measured at other sites. This suggests that water quality guidelines should be based on multiple populations and communities to account for large intraspecific variation in Cl- tolerance.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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The human melanoma proteome atlas-Defining the molecular pathology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 11:7, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MM500 study is an initiative to map the protein levels in malignant melanoma tumor samples, focused on in-depth histopathology coupled to proteome characterization. The protein levels and localization were determined for a broad spectrum of diverse, surgically isolated melanoma tumors originating from multiple body locations. More than 15,500 proteoforms were identified by mass spectrometry, from which chromosomal and subcellular localization was annotated within both primary and metastatic melanoma. The data generated by global proteomic experiments covered 72% of the proteins identified in the recently reported high stringency blueprint of the human proteome. This study contributes to the NIH Cancer Moonshot initiative combining detailed histopathological presentation with the molecular characterization for 505 melanoma tumor samples, localized in 26 organs from 232 patients.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Carratu, M., et al.
(författare)
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A CNN-based approach to measure wood quality in timber bundle images
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781728195391
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, the Smart Industry is becoming a field of great interest for many worldwide researchers since it allows to experiment and research new advanced techniques. One of the most common explored approaches in operations where image processing has already been a milestone is the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Those networks have enhanced the current image processing algorithms, achieving an improvement in decision processes usually based on human experience, where an analytical model is not always available. This paper proposes a novel approach for measuring the number of rotted logs in timber bundles using a CNN trained on thousands of timber log images extracted from bundles. Today, the Swedish forest industry bases the selling price of timber bundles on the evaluation of a visual inspection. This operation is based on human experience to evaluate and measure timber bundles' features, which is necessary to categorize them. The proposed approach has shown promising results compared to the actual visual inspection made by operators showing an F1 score with the best CNN architecture of 0.89.
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| 43. |
- Carratù, M., et al.
(författare)
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A Sound Level Meter featured with automatic estimation of the measurement uncertainty
- 2022
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Ingår i: Measurement. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-2241 .- 1873-412X. ; 188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the area of measuring the environmental noise the equivalent sound pressure level LA,eq is adopted and compared with legal thresholds in order to characterize the site of interest. The paper describes an innovative Sound Level Meter (SLM) able to provide information about the measurand contribution to the measurement uncertainty estimation. This measurement technology is made possible thanks to an approach based on bootstrap method for selecting the suitable measurement episode for an estimation of LAeq. The firmware implementation of the developed SLM is disclosed with reference to a low-cost platform for real-time execution of the proposed methodology. Finally, a metrological characterization of the prototype performed in laboratory is reported as well as the performance comparison with a class 1 SLM in a real scenario. As a result, the smart features of the new SLM may be easily implemented by including commercial devices into the instrument schematics.
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| 44. |
- Carratu, M., et al.
(författare)
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An innovative method for log diameter measurements based on deep learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). - : IEEE. - 9781665453837
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread adoption of Deep Learning techniques for Computer Vision in recent years has brought major changes to the world of industry, contributing greatly to this sector's transition to Industry 4.0, also referred to as Smart Industry. This involves an increasingly predominant role of machines and automation within industrial processes. In this context, the Swedish forest industry is an excellent context for applying these techniques. In particular, this work will deal with automating the measurement of log diameters to date carried out manually by operators in the industry. The proposed methodology will use two object detection neural networks, one deputed to detect logs in the scene and the other for the calibrated target. The latter thus allows the camera calibration to be fully automated, enabling each diameter to be measured without any further operations by the operator. The results obtained are satisfactory and open the way for the industrial application of the proposed methodology.
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| 45. |
- Carratù, M., et al.
(författare)
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Vision-Based System for Measuring the Diameter of Wood Logs
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of Instrumentation and Measurement. - : IEEE. - 2768-7236. ; 2, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detecting and measuring objects with vision-based systems in uncontrolled environments is a difficult task that today, thanks to the development of increasingly advanced artificial intelligence-based techniques, can be solved with greater ease. In this context, this article proposes a novel approach for the vision-based measurement of objects in uncontrolled environments using a specific type of convolutional neural network (CNN) named you only look once (YOLO) and a direct linear transformation (DLT) process. The case study concerned designing a novel vision-based system for measuring the diameter of wood logs cut and loaded onto trucks. This problem has been occurring in the Swedish forestry industry. In fact, this operation is not carried out with computer vision algorithms because of the high variability of environmental conditions caused by the changing position of the sun, weather conditions, and the variability of truck positioning. To solve this problem, the YOLO network is proposed to locate logs while attempting to maintain a high Intersection over Union (IoU) value for the correct estimation of log size. Furthermore, in order to obtain accurate measurements, the DLT is used to convert into world coordinates the dimensions of the logs themselves. The proposed CNN-based solution is described after briefly introducing today’s methodologies adopted for wood bundle analysis. Particular attention is paid to both the training and the calibration steps. Results report that for 80% of cases, the error reported has been smaller than 4 cm, representing only 8% of the measurement, considering a mean log diameter for the application of 50 cm.
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| 46. |
- Desai, S., et al.
(författare)
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Validation of WINROP (online prediction model) to identify severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in an Australian preterm population: a retrospective study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Eye. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0950-222X .- 1476-5454. ; 35, s. 1334-1339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common disease leading to blindness in extreme preterm infants. Current screening guidelines recommend frequent eye examinations. There is a dearth of trained ophthalmologists for these frequent screening procedures. The ANZNN neonatal network report (2013) found that only 6.4% of all screened infants had severe ROP and less than half received treatment. WINROP (online prediction model, Sweden) uses the postnatal weight gain (surrogate marker for low insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 and poor retinal vascular growth) to identify ROP requiring treatment and aims to reduce the number of examinations. Our objective was to validate the WINROP model in an Australian cohort of preterm infants. Methods Birth weight, gestational age, and weekly weight measurements were retrieved retrospectively along with the final ROP outcomes and plotted on the online WINROP software. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of WINROP were 85.7%, 59.0%, 6.98%, and 99.1% respectively for a cohort of 221 preterm infants (Median birth weight, 1040 g; Gestational age, 27.9 weeks). WINROP alarm was signaled in 42.6% of all infants. WINROP did not signal an alarm in one infant who needed treatment. This infant had intra ventricular hemorrhage grade 3-4 and temporary ventricular dilatation. Conclusions This is the first Australian study validating WINROP model. Our findings suggest that it lacked sensitivity to be used alone. However, adjusting the algorithm for the Australian population may improve the efficacy and reduce the number of examinations when used along with the current screening guidelines.
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| 47. |
- Ekstrand, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal changes of self-perceived manual ability the first year after stroke : A cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recovery patterns of motor function and activity capacity of the upper extremity after stroke have been described, but less is known about longitudinal changes of perceived manual activity performance. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes of self-perceived manual ability at several timepoints from onset until 12 months post-stroke in a cohort of consecutively recruited individuals with mild, moderate and severe stroke. Methods: The study included 106 participants from a non-selected cohort with first-ever mild, moderate or severe stroke and impaired upper extremity function (Stroke Arm Longitudinal Study at the University of Gothenburg, SALGOT). Self-perceived manual ability was assessed with the ABILHAND Questionnaire at 3 and 10 days, 4 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke. Longitudinal change was assessed by linear mixed models (fixed and random effects) and adjusted models were built by adding effects of cofactors age, gender, stroke severity, living condition and affected hand. Results: Self-perceived manual ability increased over time the first year after stroke for the total group and the subgroups. The final adjusted model for the total group included fix-effects of time (expected mean change 0.24 logits per month) adjusted by age (-0.06 per year) and stroke severity (-0.19 per NIHSS-score). In addition to significant effect of time, the adjusted models for moderate stroke subgroup included fixed effect of age, and for mild and severe subgroups there was an interaction effect between time and age. Further analyses between time-points showed that no significant change of self-perceived manual ability was detected beyond 3 months post-stroke. Conclusions: Self-perceived manual ability increased over time the first year after stroke, and this change was to some degree modulated by age and stroke severity at onset. Most of the improvements occurred early, predominantly within the first three months after stroke.
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| 48. |
- Ekstrand, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Which clinical and sociodemographic determinants are associated with self-perceived manual ability at one year after stroke?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 42:16, s. 2279-2286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the impact of multiple potential sociodemographic and clinical stroke-related determinants on self-perceived manual ability in an unselected sample of individuals 12 months after first-ever stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 68 participants (mean age 66) with UE impairments were followed up at 12 months post stroke. Stroke severity at onset was moderate for the majority. Manual ability was assessed by the patient-reported outcome measure ABILHAND Questionnaire. Determinants included in the multivariate regression analysis were age, gender, living situation, vocational situation, affected hand, stroke severity at onset and UE disability (motor function, sensory function, joint motion, pain, grip strength, spasticity and activity capacity) at 12 months post stroke. Results: The strongest associated determinants with self-perceived manual ability were UE motor function and UE activity capacity at 12 months post-stroke. UE motor function together with age and grip strength explained 65% of the variance in one final multivariate model. UE activity capacity and grip strength explained 62% of the variance in a second final model. Conclusion: In order to understand self-perceived difficulties in manual ability in daily activities in persons with stroke, assessments of UE motor function and activity capacity are recommended. Implications for rehabilitation The ultimate goal of the upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke is to regain ability to use the UE in daily activities that are important to the individual in his or her own environment. This requires a good understanding of factors that are associated with self-perceived manual ability in order to tailor effective rehabilitation interventions. Upper extremity motor function and activity capacity are the strongest determinants associated with self-perceived manual ability one year after stroke. These factors are recommended to be included in the assessment battery in stroke to fully understand the disability in daily life.
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| 49. |
- Eriksson, John, et al.
(författare)
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Primary small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are highly prevalent and often multiple before metastatic disease develops
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. - : Sage Publications. - 1457-4969 .- 1799-7267. ; 110:1, s. 44-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are the most common of small bowel malignancies with a clinical incidence of about 1 per 100,000 persons per year. There has been a threefold increase in the incidence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during later decades, but there are no studies that clarify whether this is due to a true higher incidence or if the rise is a mere product of, for instance, improved diagnostic modalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of clinical as well as subclinical small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors found at autopsy as well as describing the frequency of concomitant malignancies in patients with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor. Materials and methods: An autopsy registry from the Malmo county population from 1970 to 1982 with an 87% autopsy rate was used. The clinical autopsy reports for patients coded for the existence of "carcinoid tumor" were scrutinized for the presence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor, metastatic disease, and concomitant malignancies. Details of patients with clinically diagnosed small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during this time period were gathered from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Results: The mean annual incidence of small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor during this period was 5.33 per 100,000 individuals, and the mean annual prevalence was 581 per 100,000. The cause of death in the majority of cases was not due to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor. In total, 48% of the people with small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor had at least one other malignancy, most commonly colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Most small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors are subclinical, and persons living with them will often die due to other causes. There was a high rate of multiple primary tumors (40%), suggesting that multiple tumors seem to arise before the advent of metastatic disease. Moreover, a comparably high rate of associated colorectal carcinoma was found.
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| 50. |
- Fu, Zhongjie, et al.
(författare)
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FGF21 via mitochondrial lipid oxidation promotes physiological vascularization in a mouse model of Phase I ROP
- 2023
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Ingår i: Angiogenesis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0969-6970 .- 1573-7209. ; 26:3, s. 409-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperglycemia in early postnatal life of preterm infants with incompletely vascularized retinas is associated with increased risk of potentially blinding neovascular retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Neovascular ROP (Phase II ROP) is a compensatory but ultimately pathological response to the suppression of physiological postnatal retinal vascular development (Phase I ROP). Hyperglycemia in neonatal mice which suppresses physiological retinal vascular growth is associated with decreased expression of systemic and retinal fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). FGF21 administration promoted and FGF21 deficiency suppressed the physiological retinal vessel growth. FGF21 increased serum adiponectin (APN) levels and loss of APN abolished FGF21 promotion of physiological retinal vascular development. Blocking mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also abolished FGF21 protection against delayed physiological retinal vessel growth. Clinically, preterm infants developing severe neovascular ROP (versus non-severe ROP) had a lower total lipid intake with more parenteral and less enteral during the first 4weeks of life. Our data suggest that increasing FGF21 levels in the presence of adequate enteral lipids may help prevent Phase I retinopathy (and therefore prevent neovascular disease).
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