| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Adrian, M., et al.
(författare)
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The right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for correct catheter tip positioning in right subclavian vein catheterisation : a prospective observational study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Anaesthesia. - : Wiley. - 0003-2409 .- 1365-2044. ; 77:1, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central venous catheter misplacement is common (approximately 7%) after right subclavian vein catheterisation. To avoid it, ultrasound-guided tip navigation may be used during the catheterisation procedure to help direct the guidewire towards the lower superior vena cava. We aimed to determine the number of central venous catheter misplacements when using the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view to aid guidewire positioning in right infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterisation. We hypothesised that the incidence of catheter misplacements could be reduced to 1% when using this ultrasound technique. One -hundred and three adult patients were prospectively included. After vein puncture and guidewire insertion, we used the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view to confirm correct guidewire J-tip position in the lower superior vena cava and corrected the position of misplaced guidewires using real-time ultrasound guidance. Successful catheterisation of the right subclavian vein was achieved in all patients. The guidewire J-tip was initially misplaced in 15 patients, either in the ipsilateral internal jugular vein (n = 8) or in the left brachiocephalic vein (n = 7). In 12 patients it was possible to adjust the guidewire J-tip to a correct position in the lower superior vena cava. All ultrasound-determined final guidewire J-tip positions were consistent with the central venous catheter tip positions on chest X-ray. Three out of 103 catheters were misplaced, corresponding to an incidence (95%CI) of 2.9 (0.6–8.3) %. Although the hypothesis could not be confirmed, this study demonstrated the usefulness of the right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for real-time confirmation and correction of the guidewire position in right infraclavicular subclavian vein catheterisation.
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| 4. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(författare)
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Parameter estimation for compact binary coalescence signals with the first generation gravitational-wave detector network
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 88:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compact binary systems with neutron stars or black holes are one of the most promising sources for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Gravitational radiation encodes rich information about source physics; thus parameter estimation and model selection are crucial analysis steps for any detection candidate events. Detailed models of the anticipated waveforms enable inference on several parameters, such as component masses, spins, sky location and distance, that are essential for new astrophysical studies of these sources. However, accurate measurements of these parameters and discrimination of models describing the underlying physics are complicated by artifacts in the data, uncertainties in the waveform models and in the calibration of the detectors. Here we report such measurements on a selection of simulated signals added either in hardware or software to the data collected by the two LIGO instruments and the Virgo detector during their most recent joint science run, including a "blind injection'' where the signal was not initially revealed to the collaboration. We exemplify the ability to extract information about the source physics on signals that cover the neutron-star and black-hole binary parameter space over the component mass range 1M(circle dot)-25M(circle dot) and the full range of spin parameters. The cases reported in this study provide a snapshot of the status of parameter estimation in preparation for the operation of advanced detectors.
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| 5. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for gravitational waves from binary black hole inspiral, merger, and ringdown in LIGO-Virgo data from 2009-2010
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a search for gravitational waves from the inspiral, merger and ringdown of binary black holes (BBH) with total mass between 25 and 100 solar masses, in data taken at the LIGO and Virgo observatories between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010. The maximum sensitive distance of the detectors over this period for a (20, 20)M-circle dot coalescence was 300 Mpc. No gravitational wave signals were found. We thus report upper limits on the astrophysical coalescence rates of BBH as a function of the component masses for nonspinning components, and also evaluate the dependence of the search sensitivity on component spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We find an upper limit at 90% confidence on the coalescence rate of BBH with nonspinning components of mass between 19 and 28M(circle dot) of 3:3 x 10(-7) mergers Mpc(-3) yr(-1).
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| 6. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(författare)
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The characterization of Virgo data and its impact on gravitational-wave searches
- 2012
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Ingår i: Classical and Quantum Gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6382 .- 0264-9381. ; 29:15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 2007 and 2010 Virgo collected data in coincidence with the LIGO and GEO gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. These data have been searched for GWs emitted by cataclysmic phenomena in the universe, by non-axisymmetric rotating neutron stars or from a stochastic background in the frequency band of the detectors. The sensitivity of GW searches is limited by noise produced by the detector or its environment. It is therefore crucial to characterize the various noise sources in a GW detector. This paper reviews the Virgo detector noise sources, noise propagation, and conversion mechanisms which were identified in the three first Virgo observing runs. In many cases, these investigations allowed us to mitigate noise sources in the detector, or to selectively flag noise events and discard them from the data. We present examples from the joint LIGO-GEO-Virgo GW searches to show how well noise transients and narrow spectral lines have been identified and excluded from the Virgo data. We also discuss how detector characterization can improve the astrophysical reach of GW searches.
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| 7. |
- Evans, Luke C., et al.
(författare)
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The importance of including habitat-specific behaviour in models of butterfly movement
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersal is a key process affecting population persistence and major factors affecting dispersal rates are the amounts, connectedness and properties of habitats in landscapes. We present new data on the butterfly Maniola jurtina in flower-rich and flower-poor habitats that demonstrates how movement and behaviour differ between sexes and habitat types, and how this effects consequent dispersal rates. Females had higher flight speeds than males, but their total time in flight was four times less. The effect of habitat type was strong for both sexes, flight speeds were ~ 2.5 × and ~ 1.7 × faster on resource-poor habitats for males and females, respectively, and flights were approximately 50% longer. With few exceptions females oviposited in the mown grass habitat, likely because growing grass offers better food for emerging caterpillars, but they foraged in the resource-rich habitat. It seems that females faced a trade-off between ovipositing without foraging in the mown grass or foraging without ovipositing where flowers were abundant. We show that taking account of habitat-dependent differences in activity, here categorised as flight or non-flight, is crucial to obtaining good fits of an individual-based model to observed movement. An important implication of this finding is that incorporating habitat-specific activity budgets is likely necessary for predicting longer-term dispersal in heterogeneous habitats, as habitat-specific behaviour substantially influences the mean (> 30% difference) and kurtosis (1.4 × difference) of dispersal kernels. The presented IBMs provide a simple method to explicitly incorporate known activity and movement rates when predicting dispersal in changing and heterogeneous landscapes.
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| 8. |
- Aasi, J., et al.
(författare)
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Einstein@Home all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S5 data
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 87:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents results of an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range [50, 1190] Hz and with frequency derivative range of similar to[-20, 1.1] x 10(-10) Hz s(-1) for the fifth LIGO science run (S5). The search uses a noncoherent Hough-transform method to combine the information from coherent searches on time scales of about one day. Because these searches are very computationally intensive, they have been carried out with the Einstein@Home volunteer distributed computing project. Postprocessing identifies eight candidate signals; deeper follow-up studies rule them out. Hence, since no gravitational wave signals have been found, we report upper limits on the intrinsic gravitational wave strain amplitude h(0). For example, in the 0.5 Hz-wide band at 152.5 Hz, we can exclude the presence of signals with h(0) greater than 7.6 x 10(-25) at a 90% confidence level. This search is about a factor 3 more sensitive than the previous Einstein@Home search of early S5 LIGO data.
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| 9. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during LIGO Science Run 6 and Virgo Science Runs 2 and 3
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X. ; 760:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a search for gravitational waves associated with 154 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that were detected by satellite-based gamma-ray experiments in 2009-2010, during the sixth LIGO science run and the second and third Virgo science runs. We perform two distinct searches: a modeled search for coalescences of either two neutron stars or a neutron star and black hole, and a search for generic, unmodeled gravitational-wave bursts. We find no evidence for gravitational-wave counterparts, either with any individual GRB in this sample or with the population as a whole. For all GRBs we place lower bounds on the distance to the progenitor, under the optimistic assumption of a gravitational-wave emission energy of 10(-2) M-circle dot c(2) at 150 Hz, with a median limit of 17 Mpc. For short-hard GRBs we place exclusion distances on binary neutron star and neutron-star-black-hole progenitors, using astrophysically motivated priors on the source parameters, with median values of 16 Mpc and 28 Mpc, respectively. These distance limits, while significantly larger than for a search that is not aided by GRB satellite observations, are not large enough to expect a coincidence with a GRB. However, projecting these exclusions to the sensitivities of Advanced LIGO and Virgo, which should begin operation in 2015, we find that the detection of gravitational waves associated with GRBs will become quite possible.
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| 10. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the second joint LIGO-Virgo run
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from a search for gravitational-wave bursts in the data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between July 7, 2009 and October 20, 2010: data are analyzed when at least two of the three LIGO-Virgo detectors are in coincident operation, with a total observation time of 207 days. The analysis searches for transients of duration less than or similar to 1 s over the frequency band 64-5000 Hz, without other assumptions on the signal waveform, polarization, direction or occurrence time. All identified events are consistent with the expected accidental background. We set frequentist upper limits on the rate of gravitational-wave bursts by combining this search with the previous LIGO-Virgo search on the data collected between November 2005 and October 2007. The upper limit on the rate of strong gravitational-wave bursts at the Earth is 1.3 events per year at 90% confidence. We also present upper limits on source rate density per year and Mpc(3) for sample populations of standard-candle sources. As in the previous joint run, typical sensitivities of the search in terms of the root-sum-squared strain amplitude for these waveforms lie in the range similar to 5 x 10(-22) Hz(-1/2) to similar to 1 x 10(-20) Hz(-1/2). The combination of the two joint runs entails the most sensitive all-sky search for generic gravitational-wave bursts and synthesizes the results achieved by the initial generation of interferometric detectors.
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| 11. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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First low-latency LIGO plus Virgo search for binary inspirals and their electromagnetic counterparts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. The detection and measurement of gravitational-waves from coalescing neutron-star binary systems is an important science goal for ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. In addition to emitting gravitational-waves at frequencies that span the most sensitive bands of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, these sources are also amongst the most likely to produce an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational-wave emission. A joint detection of the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals would provide a powerful new probe for astronomy. Methods. During the period between September 19 and October 20, 2010, the first low-latency search for gravitational-waves from binary inspirals in LIGO and Virgo data was conducted. The resulting triggers were sent to electromagnetic observatories for followup. We describe the generation and processing of the low-latency gravitational-wave triggers. The results of the electromagnetic image analysis will be described elsewhere. Results. Over the course of the science run, three gravitational-wave triggers passed all of the low-latency selection cuts. Of these, one was followed up by several of our observational partners. Analysis of the gravitational-wave data leads to an estimated false alarm rate of once every 6.4 days, falling far short of the requirement for a detection based solely on gravitational-wave data.
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| 12. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for gravitational wave transients with electromagnetic counterparts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. A transient astrophysical event observed in both gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) channels would yield rich scientific rewards. A first program initiating EM follow-ups to possible transient GW events has been developed and exercised by the LIGO and Virgo community in association with several partners. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the methods used to promptly identify and localize GW event candidates and to request images of targeted sky locations. Methods. During two observing periods (Dec. 17, 2009 to Jan. 8, 2010 and Sep. 2 to Oct. 20, 2010), a low-latency analysis pipeline was used to identify GW event candidates and to reconstruct maps of possible sky locations. A catalog of nearby galaxies and Milky Way globular clusters was used to select the most promising sky positions to be imaged, and this directional information was delivered to EM observatories with time lags of about thirty minutes. A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to evaluate the low-latency GW pipeline's ability to reconstruct source positions correctly. Results. For signals near the detection threshold, our low-latency algorithms often localized simulated GW burst signals to tens of square degrees, while neutron star/neutron star inspirals and neutron star/black hole inspirals were localized to a few hundred square degrees. Localization precision improves for moderately stronger signals. The correct sky location of signals well above threshold and originating from nearby galaxies may be observed with similar to 50% or better probability with a few pointings of wide-field telescopes.
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| 13. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for gravitational waves from intermediate mass binary black holes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of a weakly modeled burst search for gravitational waves from mergers of nonspinning intermediate mass black holes in the total mass range 100-450 M-circle dot and with the component mass ratios between 1: and 4:1. The search was conducted on data collected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors between November of 2005 and October of 2007. No plausible signals were observed by the search which constrains the astrophysical rates of the intermediate mass black holes mergers as a function of the component masses. In the most efficiently detected bin centered on 88 + 88 M-circle dot, for nonspinning sources, the rate density upper limit is 0.13 per Mpc(3) per Myr at the 90% confidence level.
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| 14. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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Upper limits on a stochastic gravitational-wave background using LIGO and Virgo interferometers at 600-1000 Hz
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of many incoherent sources of gravitational waves, of either cosmological or astrophysical origin. This background is a target for the current generation of ground-based detectors. In this article we present the first joint search for a stochastic background using data from the LIGO and Virgo interferometers. In a frequency band of 600-1000 Hz, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the amplitude of Omega(GW)(f) = Omega(3)(f/900 Hz)(3), of Omega(3) < 0.32, assuming a value of the Hubble parameter of h(100) = 0.71. These new limits are a factor of seven better than the previous best in this frequency band.
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| 15. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the full S5 LIGO data
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on an all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency band 50-800 Hz and with the frequency time derivative in the range of 0 through -6 x 10(-9) Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. After recent improvements in the search program that yielded a 10x increase in computational efficiency, we have searched in two years of data collected during LIGO's fifth science run and have obtained the most sensitive all-sky upper limits on gravitational-wave strain to date. Near 150 Hz our upper limit on worst-case linearly polarized strain amplitude h(0) is 1 x 10(-24), while at the high end of our frequency range we achieve a worst-case upper limit of 3.8 x 10(-24) for all polarizations and sky locations. These results constitute a factor of 2 improvement upon previously published data. A new detection pipeline utilizing a loosely coherent algorithm was able to follow up weaker outliers, increasing the volume of space where signals can be detected by a factor of 10, but has not revealed any gravitational-wave signals. The pipeline has been tested for robustness with respect to deviations from the model of an isolated neutron star, such as caused by a low-mass or long-period binary companion.
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| 16. |
- Abadie, J., et al.
(författare)
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Search for gravitational waves from low mass compact binary coalescence in LIGO's sixth science run and Virgo's science runs 2 and 3
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology). - 1550-2368. ; 85:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries using LIGO and Virgo observations between July 7, 2009, and October 20, 2010. We searched for signals from binaries with total mass between 2 and 25M(circle dot); this includes binary neutron stars, binary black holes, and binaries consisting of a black hole and neutron star. The detectors were sensitive to systems up to 40 Mpc distant for binary neutron stars, and further for higher mass systems. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass, including the results from previous LIGO and Virgo observations. The cumulative 90% confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems are 1.3 x 10(-4), 3.1 x 10(-5), and 6.4 x 10(-6) Mpc(-3) yr(-1), respectively. These upper limits are up to a factor 1.4 lower than previously derived limits. We also report on results from a blind injection challenge.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fox, Jamie, et al.
(författare)
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Global Sensitivity Analysis for Power Systems via Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 4th International Conference On System Reliability And Safety (ICSRS 2019). - New York : IEEE. - 9781728147819 ; , s. 446-451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many inputs with uncertainty in a power system, due to factors such as uncertainties in the distributed renewable generation, or natural disasters like hurricanes. The global sensitivity analysis of a model quantifies the importance of each input parameter to the model output when input parameters have uncertainty. In global sensitivity analysis, unlike local sensitivity analysis, all input factors are varied simultaneously, and as a consequence, one can assess the impact of the higher order interactions among the parameters. In this paper we will use global sensitivity analysis, in particular the Sobol' sensitivity indices, to assess the importance of input parameters in the IEEE 14-bus modified test system. By identifying unimportant input parameters, we will reduce the complexity of the model. We will use randomized quasi-Monte Carlo methods to estimate the sensitivity indices and perform uncertainty quantification for the output of the reduced model.
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| 19. |
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Maktens kön
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Maktens könKvinnor och män i den svenska makteliten på 2000-taletAnita Göransson (red)Varför finns det så få kvinnliga toppchefer i näringslivet, medan det råder könsbalans inom politiken? I en nyutkommen bok presenteras en världsunik undersökning - den första som systematiskt kartlägger och analyserar kvinnors och mäns olika villkor i dagens svenska maktelit. Vilka utgör den svenska makteliten i dag och hur har de nått toppen? Krävs det mer av kvinnor för att nå makt?I boken jämförs kvinnor och män inom näringsliv, politik, förvaltning, organisationsliv, massmedier, kultur och vetenskap. Områden som diskuteras är social bakgrund, utbildning, karriärer, nätverk och kontakter, familjeförhållanden, livsstilar och åsikter om politik, karriär och jämställdhet. En särskild analys görs av medierummets eliter i press, radio och tv.Nio forskare från olika ämnen vid Göteborgs, Umeå och Uppsala universitet analyserar och drar slutsatser om vad som utmärker dem som nått den yppersta makten i det svenska samhället. Författarna representerar ämnen som ekonomisk historia, historia, idéhistoria, journalistik och masskommunikation samt statsvetenskap. På grundval av en omfattande enkätundersökning med ett par tusen makthavare diskuterar de likheter och skillnader mellan kvinnliga och manliga makthavare och mellan olika samhällsområden.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Elwert, Annika
(författare)
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Will You Intermarry Me? : Determinants and Consequences of Immigrant-Native Intermarriage in Contemporary Nordic Settings
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines the determinants and consequences of immigrant-native intermarriage in two Nordic countries, Sweden and Denmark, between 1980 and 2011. An increase in immigration during the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first century in the countries under study was accompanied by an increase in intermarriage. However, the marriages of natives and some immigrant groups are more frequent than others, which may indicate that the strength of the immigrant-native boundary differs between immigrant groups. In contrast to previous research, this dissertation focuses on the perspectives of both the immigrants and the native majority and attempts to answer the following questions: who crosses the immigrant-native boundary through marriage, is immigrant-native intermarriage of a special nature, and does immigrant-native intermarriage contribute to successful integration.This dissertation is a compilation of four papers, each of which is a quantitative study of the determinants or consequences of intermarriage that relies on register data collected by the administrative authorities in the countries in question. The findings of this dissertation show that for natives both economic and non-economic status in the marriage market are associated with intermarriage. Moreover, patterns of age-assortative mating differ in intermarriages and in marriages of the native majority. For both Swedish men and women, unions in which the partner is considerably younger are relatively more frequent among immigrant-native intermarriages. The findings also suggest that the larger age gap between men and women in intermarriages is not only related to the differential treatment of certain immigrant groups in the Swedish marriage market but also partly the result of racial discrimination. Intermarriage nevertheless is related to immigrant integration. The findings from this dissertation show that intermarriage leads to positive income development for intermarried immigrants, particularly for immigrants whose country of origin means that they would otherwise experience difficulties in the labour market. With respect to demographic integration, intermarried immigrants deviate strongly from endogamous immigrants. While immigrants of certain origins display fertility patterns which confirm the existence of son preferences, immigrants from the same origins who are in unions with natives do not show such patterns by and large. This dissertation shows how immigrant-native intermarriage is connected with the broader social structure. An increase in immigrant-native intermarriage reflects the openness of a society to a certain degree. However, the findings of this dissertation also show that intermarriage is related to the social structure in a particular way. Intermarriage cannot only be regarded as a reflection of the successful structural assimilation of immigrants because intermarriage patterns also reflect social stratification. Intermarriages with some immigrant groups show systematically different patterns of assortative mating, which indicates the differential treatment of certain immigrant groups in the marriage market.
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| 22. |
- Ameh, Soter, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between structure, process and outcome to assess quality of integrated chronic disease management in a rural South African setting : applying a structural equation model
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: South Africa faces a complex dual burden of chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In response, the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model was initiated in primary health care (PHC) facilities in 2011 to leverage the HIV/ART programme to scale-up services for NCDs, achieve optimal patient health outcomes and improve the quality of medical care. However, little is known about the quality of care in the ICDM model. The objectives of this study were to: i) assess patients’ and operational managers’ satisfaction with the dimensions of ICDM services; and ii) evaluate the quality of care in the ICDM model using Avedis Donabedian’s theory of relationships between structure (resources), process (clinical activities) and outcome (desired result of healthcare) constructs as a measure of quality of care.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in seven PHC facilities in the Bushbuckridge municipality of Mpumalanga Province, north-east South Africa - an area underpinned by a robust Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). The patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ-18), with measures reflecting structure/process/outcome (SPO) constructs, was adapted and administered to 435 chronic disease patients and the operational managers of all seven PHC facilities. The adapted questionnaire contained 17 dimensions of care, including eight dimensions identified as priority areas in the ICDM model - critical drugs, equipment, referral, defaulter tracing, prepacking of medicines, clinic appointments, waiting time, and coherence. A structural equation model was fit to operationalise Donabedian’s theory, using unidirectional, mediation, and reciprocal pathways.Results: The mediation pathway showed that the relationships between structure, process and outcome represented quality systems in the ICDM model. Structure correlated with process (0.40) and outcome (0.75). Given structure, process correlated with outcome (0.88). Of the 17 dimensions of care in the ICDM model, three structure (equipment, critical drugs, accessibility), three process (professionalism, friendliness and attendance to patients) and three outcome (competence, confidence and coherence) dimensions reflected their intended constructs.Conclusion: Of the priority dimensions, referrals, defaulter tracing, prepacking of medicines, appointments, and patient waiting time did not reflect their intended constructs. Donabedian’s theoretical framework can be used to provide evidence of quality systems in the ICDM model.
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| 23. |
- Axer, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Non-response After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy-the Theoretical Need for Revisional Bariatric Surgery : Results from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer. - 0960-8923 .- 1708-0428. ; 33:10, s. 2973-2980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Revisional surgery is a second-line treatment option after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GBP) in patients with primary or secondary non-response. The aim was to analyze the theoretical need for revisional surgery after SG and GBP when applying four indication benchmarks. METHOD: Based on data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, SG and GBP were compared regarding four endpoints: 1. excess weight loss (%EWL) < 50%, 2. weight regain of more than 10 kg after nadir, 3. fulfillment of previous IFSO-guidelines, or 4. ADA criteria for bariatric metabolic surgery 2 years after primary surgery.RESULTS: A total of 60,426 individuals were included in the study (SG: n = 7856 and GBP: n = 52,570). Compared to patients in the GBP group, more SG patients failed to achieve a %EWL > 50% (23.0% versus 8.5%, p < .001), regained more than 10 kg after nadir (4.3% versus 2.5%, p < .001), and more often fulfilled the IFSO criteria (8.0% versus 4.5%, p < .001) or the ADA criteria (3.3% versus 1.8%, p < 001) at the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION: SG is associated with a higher risk for weight non-response compared to GBP. To offer revisional bariatric surgery to all non-responders exceeds the bounds of feasibility and operability. Hence, individual prioritization and intensified evaluation of alternative second-line treatments are necessary.
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| 24. |
- Rodell Olgaç, Christina, Docent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Romska modersmålslärare i högre utbildning : Pedagogiska utmaningar och möjligheter
- 2021. - 1
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Ingår i: Minoritetspedagogik i Norden. - Vasa : Svensk-Österbottniska Samfundet. - 9789526965000 - 9789526913094 - 9789189244085 ; , s. 149-166
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kapitel riktar sitt fokus mot en uppdragsutbildning av 25 modersmålslärare i romani chib, 11 kvinnor och 14 män från olika romska grupper, vars syfte var att stärka lärarnas kompetens inom professionen. De två frågor som artikeln diskuterar gäller hur de många språkliga varieteterna och variationerna mellan grupperna integrerats i utbildningen och vidare hur en kritisk interkulturell pedagogik kommit till uttryck i den. Det teoretiska ramverk som inspirerat utbildningen grundar sig i kritisk och interkulturell pedagogik samt vidare i kritiska romska studier, ett forskningsfält som utvecklats under senare år. I artikeln diskuteras några exempel på hur utbildningen bland deltagarna bidragit till en ökad förståelse av såväl den egna som andra romska varieteter och fördjupade kunskaper om de olika gruppernas historia och traditioner. Den romska historien med den förföljelse, flykt, marginalisering och antiziganism som minoriteten upplever än idag kopplas samman med specialpedagogiska frågeställningar gällande posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) och sekundär traumatisering, frågor som sällan uppmärksammats i relation till romer men en angelägen kunskap för just modersmålslärare i mötet med romska barn och familjer. Vidare problematiseras relationen mellan romer och forskningen om dem genom exempel från två vetenskapliga konferenser i romska studier som lärarna deltog i. Avslutningsvis diskuteras frågan om det lärande som kan uppstå inom ramen för högre utbildning när romska studenter finns närvarande på campus och utmana rådande föreställningar om minoriteten samt möjliggöra interkulturella läroprocesser mellan både romer och icke-romer i högre utbildning.
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| 25. |
- Greenbaum, Carla, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed-meal tolerance test versus glucagon stimulation test for the assessment of beta-cell function in therapeutic trials in type 1 diabetes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 31:10, s. 1966-1971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Beta-cell function in type 1 diabetes clinical trials is commonly measured by C-peptide response to a secretagogue in either a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) or a glucagon stimulation test (GST). The Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Research Group and the European C-peptide Trial (ECPT) Study Group conducted parallel randomized studies to compare the sensitivity, reproducibility, and tolerability of these procedures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In randomized sequences, 148 TrialNet subjects completed 549 tests with up to 2 MMTT and 2 GST tests on separate days, and 118 ECPT subjects completed 348 tests (up to 3 each) with either two MMTTs or two GSTs. RESULTS: Among individuals with up to 4 years' duration of type 1 diabetes, >85% had measurable stimulated C-peptide values. The MMTT stimulus produced significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide than the GST. Whereas both tests were highly reproducible, the MMTT was significantly more so (R(2) = 0.96 for peak C-peptide response). Overall, the majority of subjects preferred the MMTT, and there were few adverse events. Some older subjects preferred the shorter duration of the GST. Nausea was reported in the majority of GST studies, particularly in the young age-group. CONCLUSIONS: The MMTT is preferred for the assessment of beta-cell function in therapeutic trials in type 1 diabetes.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Gustavsson Tingvall, Patrik
(författare)
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Essays on trade, growth and applied econometrics
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of five essays. Three of these study countries’ specialisation patterns combining the two classical paradigms of trade theory, namely the Ricardian (technology) and the HeckscherOhlin (factor endowments) framework. Of the remaining two essays, one studies convergence in per capita income among the Swedish counties and the other is methodological in that we investigate the issue of how seasonal unit roots and joint modelling may affect forecasts. In each of these essays, an empirical investigation is applied. Essay 1. Technical Progress, Capital Accumulation and Changing International Competitiveness.In this essay we studies how technology, measured by total factor productivity (TFP) and endowments, jointly determines countries’ specialisation patterns.The main findings are that endowments and technology jointly determine trade patterns. In analysing countries level of specialisation we find indications of scale effects at the firm level and that TFP turns out to be a poor determinant in explaining specialisation whereas endowments, and in particular natural resources are significant. When analysing changes in specialisation and trade patterns, TFP growth is found to be a significant explanatory variable. These contradictory results, i.e., that TFP is not significant when studying levels but is when studying changes, may to some extent be explained by potential time invariant measurement errors that are differenced out when analysing changes. There is also evidence for an increased specialisation of human capital intensive production in countries with a high growth rate in the national supply of skilled labour. Essay 2. Technology, Resource Endowments and International Competitiveness.In the second essay we takes the analysis one step further by going behind the black box of technology and relating this to its sources, where R&D is taken to be the new main object of the study. The analysis reveals that competitiveness is determined not only by R&D performance of the firm, but also that industry- and economy-wide stocks of knowledge are important, indicating the presence of local externalities in R&D. Further results point to scale effects in R&D at the firm level and that the impact of R&D is higher in high- and medium- than in low-tech industries. Essay 3. The Dynamics of European Industrial Structure.The third essay focus on changes in countries’ specialisation patterns. In the model building stage, we make the R&D process endogenous. Through domestic input-output linkages, we build in trade-transmitted technology transfers. Econometrically, we find indications of R&D at the firm level to be the main engine shaping technology and competitiveness. There is also evidence of scale effects in R&D at the firm level. Analysing capital accumulation, we find that countries with relatively high capital accumulation increase their specialisation in capital-intensive industries. We also find that capital abundant countries have the highest rate of capital accumulation. Together, this indicates an increased concentration of capital-intensive industries in capital abundant countries. Analysing human capital accumulation in an analogous manner, we find that countries with relatively high human capital accumulation increase their specialisation in human capital intensive industries. However, we find that countries with a relatively high human capital accumulation are those with initially small human capital stocks, indicating convergence in human capital abundance among the countries in the sample. How industries interact, and industrial interdependence, are analysed, and we find significant econometric evidence of interdependence between domestic industries with strong input-output linkages. Essay 4. Convergence, Prices and Geography: An empirical Study of the Swedish Counties 1911-1993.With Joakim Persson.In the fourth essay, we analyse convergence in per capita income among the Swedish counties during the period 1911-93. Some innovative features in this essay are that we explicitly introduce distance in the econometric analysis and construct regional price indices. In the econometric analysis, we find both absolute and conditional convergence in all ten year periods from 1911 to 1993 except in the 20s and 80s. We find no convergence whatsoever in the 20s and only conditional convergence in the 80s. Analysing counties’ interdependence, we find that counties are tied together such that growth in one county will have a significant impact on its neighbours. Further, we find that the regional cost of housing affects counties’ demographic composition and, through this mechanism, growth in per capita income. Essay 5. The Impact of Seasonal Unit Roots and Vector ARMA Modelling on Forecasting Monthly Tourism Flows.With Jonas Nordström.In the fifth and final essay we analyse how neglecting seasonal unit roots and vector ARMA modelling affect forecasts. We study the flow of monthly tourism flows into Sweden. The main conclusion is that the Box and Jenkins approach, taking a 12th difference to make the series stationary, is at least as good as the much more demanding route of analysing seasonal unit roots. In a second step, we investigate potential gains in using joint modelling techniques when making forecasts. We utilise other tourism series in order to improve the forecasts. The results are mixed. The results depend on what evaluation criteria we choose. In summary, find the Box and Jenkins approach to stand up well against more advanced techniques. Essay no 1 has been published as:Gustavsson, P., Hansson, P. and Lundberg, L., "Technical Progress, Capital Accumulation and Changing International Competitiveness" in Fagerberg, J. et al (eds.), Essay no 2 has been published as:Gustavsson, P., Hansson, P. and Lundberg, L.., "Technology, resource endowments and international competitiveness." in European Economic Review, Vol. 43, No. 8, 1999, pp 1501-1530.
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| 31. |
- Le Berre, F., et al.
(författare)
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Interfacial properties of a model polyampholyte studied by surface force measurements, ESCA, and ellipsometry
- 2001
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 17:3, s. 699-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of a model polyampholyte, i.e., [acrylamide]-[sodium 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonate]-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] ([AM]-[NaAMPS]-[MADQUAT]) at mica and silica surfaces was investigated by surface force measurements, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and ellipsometry. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of this polyampholyte on mica was of the high affinity type, yielding an adsorbed amount at saturation of 5.5 +/- 0.5 mg/m(2). By lowering the electron escape angle in the ESCA measurements (making the analysis more surface sensitive), it was found that the negatively charged groups in the polyampholyte are concentrated in the outer part of the adsorbed layer, i.e., away from the negatively charged mica surface. From ellipsometry studies with silica, it was found that the adsorption was relatively fast, reaching saturation after about 1000 s on adsorption from a 20 ppm solution. From both ellipsometry and ESCA it was found that the effect of electrolyte on the adsorbed amount of preadsorbed polyampholyte is relatively minor at concentrations up to 10 mM. At higher electrolyte concentrations, however, some desorption of the polyampholyte occurs. Surface force measurements showed that the extension of the polymer layer normal to the mica surface was small compared to the radius of gyration of the polymer in bulk. Upon addition of electrolyte the adsorbed layer was found to contract.
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| 32. |
- McCusker, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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The first microwave and submillimetre closure study using particle models of oriented ice hydrometeors to simulate polarimetric measurements of ice clouds
- 2024
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 17:11, s. 3533-3552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first closure study involving passive microwave and submillimetre measurements of ice clouds with the consideration of oriented particles is presented, using a unique combination of polarised observations from the ISMAR spectral-like radiometer, two radars with frequencies of 35 and 95GHz, and a variety of in situ instruments. Of particular interest to this study are the large V-H polarised brightness temperature differences measured from ISMAR above a thick frontal ice cloud. Previous studies combining radar and passive submillimetre measurements have not considered polarisation differences. Moreover, they have assumed particle habits a priori. We aim to test whether the large V-H measurements can be simulated successfully by using an atmospheric model consistent with in situ microphysics. An atmospheric model is constructed using information from the in situ measurements, such as the ice water content, the particle size distribution, and the mass and shape of particles, as well as background information obtained from dropsonde profiles. Columnar and dendritic aggregate particle models are generated specifically for this case, and their scattering properties are calculated using the independent monomer approximation under the assumption of horizontal orientation. The scattering properties are used to perform polarised radiative transfer simulations using ARTS to test whether we can successfully simulate the measured large V-H differences. Radar measurements are used to extrapolate the 1-D microphysical profile to derive a time series of particle size distributions which are used to simulate ISMAR brightness temperatures. These simulations are compared to the observations. It is found that particle models that are consistent with in situ microphysics observations are capable of reproducing the brightness temperature depression and polarisation signature measured from ISMAR at the dual-polarised channel of 243GHz. However, it was required that a proportion of the particles were changed in order to increase the V-H polarised brightness temperature differences. Thus, we incorporated millimetre-sized dendritic crystals, as these particles were observed in the probe imagery. At the second dual-polarised channel of 664GHz, the brightness temperature depressions were generally simulated at the correct locations; however, the simulated V-H was too large. This work shows that multi-frequency polarisation information could be used to infer realistic particle shapes, orientations, and representations of the split between single crystals and aggregates within the cloud.
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| 33. |
- Blanksvärd, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Strengthening Concrete Structures using Mineral Based Composites
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymer for Reinforced Concrete Structures. - : Universidade do Minho. - 9789728692841
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last two decades, strengthening concrete structures with epoxy bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) has shown excellent results in increasing bearing capacity. However, there are some limitations with epoxy coated concrete surfaces, e.g.; low permeability which may provoke freeze/thaw problems, poor thermal compatibility to the concrete substrate which makes epoxy coating more sensitive to the surrounding temperature and regulations when it comes to the security and health (allergic reactions) of applicators and third party users. In this respect, using mineral based composites (MBC) may overcome some of these challenges associated with epoxy bonded strengthening systems. MBC, in this context, refers to high strength fibers bonded to the surface using a mineral based bonding agent. This study examines the cracking behavior and strain development of shear MBC strengthened RC beams. The results show that using MBC as shear strengthening postpones the formation of macro-cracks and that a considerable strengthening effect is achieved by using MBC.
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| 34. |
- Cordner, Alissa, et al.
(författare)
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PFAS Contamination in Europe : Generating Knowledge and Mapping Known and Likely Contamination with “Expert-Reviewed” Journalism
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58:15, s. 6616-6627
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While the extent of environmental contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has mobilized considerable efforts around the globe in recent years, publicly available data on PFAS in Europe were very limited. In an unprecedented experiment of “expert-reviewed journalism” involving 29 journalists and seven scientific advisers, a cross-border collaborative project, the “Forever Pollution Project” (FPP), drew on both scientific methods and investigative journalism techniques such as open-source intelligence (OSINT) and freedom of information (FOI) requests to map contamination across Europe, making public data that previously had existed as “unseen science”. The FPP identified 22,934 known contamination sites, including 20 PFAS manufacturing facilities, and 21,426 “presumptive contamination sites”, including 13,745 sites presumably contaminated with fluorinated aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) discharge, 2911 industrial facilities, and 4752 sites related to PFAS-containing waste. Additionally, the FPP identified 231 “known PFAS users”, a new category for sites with an intermediate level of evidence of PFAS use and considered likely to be contamination sources. However, the true extent of contamination in Europe remains significantly underestimated due to a lack of comprehensive geolocation, sampling, and publicly available data. This model of knowledge production and dissemination offers lessons for researchers, policymakers, and journalists about cross-field collaborations and data transparency.
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| 35. |
- Huhtasaari, Christina
(författare)
-
Näringsrening i anlagda våtmarker
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målet med projektet var att få ökad kunskap om olika typer av anlagda våtmarkerseffekt på reduktion av närsalter. En utvärdering och jämförelse skulle görasmellan olika våtmarker med varierande ålder, läge, utformning och huvudsakligtsyfte vid anläggandet. För att kunna jämföra de olika våtmarkernasnäringsrenande funktion med varandra skulle näringshalterna mätas vid sammatidpunkt i ett antal våtmarker.Provtagning har gjorts i sex våtmarker av varierande ålder och storlek. Den äldstadammen anlades för flera hundra år sedan medan den yngsta anlades 2012.Storleken på våtmarkerna varierar mellan 0,15 till 7 ha. Totalt genomfördesprovtagning under tolv olika månader perioden mars 2014 – april 2016, främstvintertid. Varje månad med provtagning togs prover vid tre tillfällen under sammavecka. Vattenprov togs vid våtmarkens inlopp respektive utlopp. Samtidigt mättesflödet in eller ut ur våtmarkerna. Proverna analyserades på totalkväve ochtotalfosfor.Vid bedömningen av våtmarkernas effekt på näringsreduktion användeskvalitetskriterierna att inkommande vatten bör har riktvärdet om lägst 5 mgkväve/l och 0,05 mg fosfor/l. Detta kan normalt nås med minst 50 hektarstillrinningsområde med minst 70 % åkermark inom området.Tre av våtmarkerna anlades primärt för näringsrening och dessa hadetillrinningsområden som väl översteg kvalitetskriterierna, detsamma gällde bådekväve- och fosforhalterna i inkommande vatten. Slutsatsen av provtagningen är attsedimentationen har haft stor betydelse för att fosforreduktion har kunnat ske. Förkvävereduktion krävs att uppehållstiden i våtmarken är tillräckligt lång vilketgällde för två av dessa tre våtmarker. Den tredje våtmarken påverkades mer avhögflödet vilket gjorde att jordpartiklar med fosfor följde med i utflödet och vidden perioden var även flödet för stort för att kvävereduktion skulle hinna ske.Eftersom denna våtmark hade flöde under stor del av året kunde docknäringsreduktion ske under längre del av året och påverka större mängder vatten.En våtmark anlades för både näringsreduktion och biologisk mångfald. Dennavåtmark består av ett system av tre våtmarker efter varandra. De hade begränsatinflöde med hög fosforhalt medan kvävehalten var lägre än kvalitetskriteriet. Bådefosfor- och kvävereduktion skedde i våtmarken i begränsad omfattning eftersomliten mängd vatten passerade våtmarkerna.Två av våtmarkerna hade ett stort tillrinningsområde på tusentals hektar och bådahade lägre halter av kväve och fosfor än kvalitetskriterierna. Betydelsen för denbiologiska mångfalden är stor eftersom det finns få öppna vattenytor iomgivningen.Två av våtmarkerna används även för bevattningsändamål vilket förstärker nyttanför näringsreduktion. Bevattningen gör att grödan under vegetationsperioden harmöjlighet att ta upp den näring som följer med vattnet. Näringsreduktion sker4både under lagringstiden i våtmarken och genom att näring tas upp av grödan ochförs bort vid skörden.I samband med att våtmarkerna anlades som miljöinvesteringar inomlandsbygdsprogrammet bedömdes huvudsyftet för våtmarkerna. Inga vattenprovertogs utan bedömningen baserades på tillrinningsområdets karaktär och andelåkermark inom detta. Detta projekt visar att bedömningarna var korrekta eftersomnäringsinnehållet fyllde de kvalitetskriterier som bör ligga till grund föranläggning av våtmarker för näringsreduktion. De våtmarker som har anlagts isyfte att rena vattnet är också de som har störst effekt på näringsinnehållet.SyfteSyftet med projektet var att få ökad kunskap om olika typer av anlagdavåtmarkers effekt på reduktion av närsalter. En utvärdering och jämförelse skullegöras mellan olika våtmarker med varierande ålder, läge, utformning ochhuvudsakligt syfte vid anläggandet. För att kunna jämföra de olika våtmarkernasnäringsrenande funktion med varandra skulle näringshalterna mätas vid sammatidpunkt i ett antal våtmarker under två år.Genom mätning av kväve- och fosforhalterna i inflöde och utflöde skullevåtmarkerna kunna jämföras både med varandra och över tid. Flöden in och utfrån våtmarkerna skulle mätas där så var möjligt för att kunna se hur flödenapåverkar näringsretentionen.Utifrån dessa mätningar var syftet att kunna dra slutsatser om hur våtmarkernasplacering och utformning påverkar den näringsrenande effekten. All data skullepresenteras i en avslutande rapport tänkt att spridas till öns vattenråd, markägare,projektörer av våtmarker och andra intressenter.Syftet var också att kunna jämföra våra resultat med tidigare undersökningar iandra delar av landet och se hur de stämmer för gotländska förhållanden. Dettakan sedan användas som underlag i kommande arbete med våtmarksanläggning.
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| 36. |
- Mikocka-Walus, Antonina, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the Relationship Between Self-Isolation and Distress Among People with Gastrointestinal Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings. - : Springer. - 1068-9583 .- 1573-3572. ; 29:3, s. 654-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore the association between perceived isolation and symptoms of distress in people with GI disorders at the time of the pandemic; and to examine factors which moderate this relationship. This online cross-sectional survey was advertised in May-September 2020 via patient organisations and associated social media. Overall, 831 people (82% female, mean age 49 years) from 27 countries participated. A significant relationship between social isolation and psychological distress was noted (r = .525, p < .001). GI symptoms moderated the association between isolation and distress (B = .047, t = 2.47, p = .015). Interventions targeting these factors may help to reduce distress in people with GI disorders at the time of major stressors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Raats, Kaspar, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailoring Co-creation for Responsible Innovation : A Design Ethnographic Approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: 14th Scandinavian Conference On Information Systems. - 9789526496399
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is hard to predict the impact of technology on society before it is developed enough. For example, the issue can be attributed to the need for more cross-sectoral collaboration in the design process. However, a solution for anticipating such outcomes has been proposed through the quadruple helix innovation model, which states that the involvement of government, academia, industry, and the public is essential in innovation systems. The question of how this collaboration can successfully be staged to foresee possible impacts is an empirical endeavour. This paper presents an iterative case study of how ethnographic material can be used to ongoingly tailor speculative co-creation to facilitate responsible innovation (RI) principles. The result is reflected through two lenses; the tools developed in the project to facilitate co-creation activities and the stakeholder reflections evoked through these tools.
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| 40. |
- van Reenen, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
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Universal Transients in Polymer and Ionic Transition Metal Complex Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 135:2, s. 886-891
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two types of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are commonly distinguished, the polymer-based LEC (p-LEC) and the ionic transition metal complex-based LEC (iTMC-LEC). Apart from marked differences in the active layer constituents, these LEC types typically show operational time scales that can differ by many orders of magnitude at room temperature. Here, we demonstrate that despite these differences p-LECs and iTMC-LECs show current, light output, and efficacy transients that follow a universal shape. Moreover, we conclude that the turn-on time of both LEC types is dominated by the ion conductivity because the turn-on time exhibits the same activation energy as the ion conductivity in the off-state. These results demonstrate that both types of LECs are really two extremes of one class of electroluminescent devices. They also implicate that no fundamental difference exists between charge transport in small molecular weight or polymeric mixed ionic and electronic conductive materials. Additionally, it follows that the ionic conductivity is responsible for the dynamic properties of devices and systems using them. This likely extends to mixed ionic and electronic conductive materials used in organic solar cells and in a variety of biological systems.
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| 41. |
- Butler, Alexandra E., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosing type 2 diabetes using Hemoglobin A1c : a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic cutpoint based on microvascular complications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 58:3, s. 279-300
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Diabetic microvascular complications of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy may occur at hemoglobin A1c levels (HbA1c) below the 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) diagnostic threshold. Our objective was to assess the validity of the HbA1c diagnostic cutpoint of 6.5% based upon published evidence of the prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as markers of diabetes.Methods: Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and CINAHL from 1990-March 2019, grey literature sources. Study Selection All studies reported after 1990 (to ensure standardized HbA1c values) where HbA1c levels were presented in relation to prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy in subjects not known to have diabetes. Data Extraction Studies were screened independently, data abstracted, and risk of bias appraised. Data Synthesis Data were synthesized using HbA1c categories of < 6.0% (< 42 mmol/mol), 6.0-6.4% (42-47 mmol/mol) and >= 6.5% (>= 48 mmol/mol). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy prevalence stratified by HbA1c categories. Random-effects multivariable meta-regression was conducted to identify predictors of retinopathy prevalence and sources of between-study heterogeneity.Results: Pooled mean prevalence was: 4.0%(95% CI: 3.2-5.0%) for retinopathy, 10.5% (95% CI: 4.0-19.5%) for nephropathy, 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1-4.3%) for neuropathy. Mean prevalence when stratified for HbA1c < 6.0%, 6.0-6.4% and >= 6.5% was: retinopathy: 3.4% (95% CI: 1.8-5.4%), 2.3% (95% CI: 1.6-3.2%) and 7.8%(95% CI: 5.7-10.3%); nephropathy: 7.1% (95% CI: 1.7-15.9%), 9.6% (95% CI: 0.8-26.4%) and 17.1% (95% CI: 1.0-46.9%); neuropathy: 2.1% (95% CI: 0.0-6.8%), 3.4% (95% CI: 0.0-11.6%) and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.0-12.8%). Multivariable meta-regression showed HbA1c >= 6.5% (OR: 4.05; 95% CI: 1.92-8.57%), age > 55 (OR: 3.23; 95% CI 1.81-5.77), and African-American race (OR: 10.73; 95% CI: 4.34-26.55), to be associated with higher retinopathy prevalence. Marked heterogeneity in prevalence estimates was found across all meta-analyses (Cochran's Q-statistic p < 0.0001).Conclusions: The prevalence of nephropathy and moderate retinopathy was increased in subjects with HbA1c values >= 6.5% confirming the high specificity of this value for diagnosing T2DM; however, at HbA1c < 6.5% retinopathy increased at age > 55 years and, most strikingly, in African-Americans, suggesting there may be excess microvascular complication prevalence (particularly nephropathy) in individuals below the diabetes diagnostic threshold.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Li, Xinmin, et al.
(författare)
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A study on friction and wear reduction due to porosity in powder metallurgic gear materials
- 2017
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Ingår i: Tribology International. - : Elsevier. - 0301-679X .- 1879-2464. ; 110, s. 86-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been widely acknowledged that controlled texturing on a surface can contribute to friction and wear reduction at lubricated sliding contact interfaces. This paper investigates the influence on friction and wear of different pore size distributions of powder metallurgy gear materials. The pore sizes are controlled by different densities of the powder metallurgic materials. Two different kinds of powder metallurgy (PM) gear materials were applied and a standard gear material are used as a reference. The friction and wear coefficients of PM materials sliding on PM materials increase with increasing pore size. The friction and wear coefficients of regular steel sliding on PM materials decrease with increasing pore size. No matter what the material of the disc, peeling is one of the main damage mechanisms of powder metallurgy pins with the biggest porosity.
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| 44. |
- Ljungman, David
(författare)
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Pancreatic Cancer. Experimental and Clinical Studies
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal of known cancers and the only treatment with possibility of cure is surgery. The costs associated with treatment of pancreatic cancer are reputably high, both in terms of morbidity and financially. To reinforce decision making there is a need to assess the costs and benefits of current treatment. Furthermore, the incitements to develop therapeutic alternatives and biologically characterize individual tumors are considerable. Methods: Evaluation of effects of proteasome inhibition on intracellular signaling systems using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Estimation of achieved utilities and direct healthcare costs based on a clinical cohort. Assessment of prognostic significance of structural genomic aberrations using comparative genomic hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on resected tumor tissue. Results: Proteasome inhibition activated an antiapoptotic and mitogenic therapy resistance response in several mediators (EGFR, JNK, ERK and PI3K/Akt) and the inhibition of Akt and JNK increased the tumoricidal effect of proteasome inhibitors. The activation was EGFR independent and the increased cell death was not NF-κB mediated. Patients undergoing resections with curative aim and patients receiving palliative care both experienced decreased health related quality of life in all SF-36 dimensions at diagnosis, without apparent improvement over time. The cost of treatment for patients undergoing surgery was two times the cost for the palliative patients (€50,950 vs. €23,701). Interestingly, already after one year the achieved QALY was twice as large in the resection group (0.48 vs. 0.20) resulting in cost per QALY neutralization between groups. DNA copy number alterations were seen in 2p11.2, 3q24, 8p11.22, 14q11.2 and 22q11.21. No convincing specific aberrations of prognostic value were found. Short survival was however responsible for 67% of total copy number variation and associated with significantly more amplifications, possibly related to alterations in chromosome 2, 11 and 21. Conclusions: Proteasome inhibition is a promising adjunct in horizontal targeted therapy regimens and the effect may be potentiated by simultaneous inhibition of signaling systems. Costs for pancreatic cancer surgery are comparable to other major healthcare interventions and long term survival in a few is effectively increasing cost-effectiveness on patient group basis. DNA from patients with poor prognosis contains more amplifications and seems to be generally more degenerated possibly indicating a greater genomic instability. The pancreatic cancer mutational profile is displaying vast inter-individual heterogeneity and most mutations are probably passengers.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Needhamsen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of small RNAs from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid for classification of multiple sclerosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Genetics. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-8021. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurological disease, commonly presenting with a relapsing-remitting form, that later converts to a secondary progressive stage, referred to as RRMS and SPMS, respectively. Early treatment slows disease progression, hence, accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. Recent advances in large-scale data processing and analysis have progressed molecular biomarker development. Here, we focus on small RNA data derived from cell-free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebrospinal fluid cells, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as CSF cell methylome data, from people with RRMS (n = 20), clinically/radiologically isolated syndrome (CIS/RIS, n = 2) and neurological disease controls (n = 14). We applied multiple co-inertia analysis (MCIA), an unsupervised and thereby unbiased, multivariate method for simultaneous data integration and found that the top latent variable classifies RRMS status with an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) score of 0.82. Variable selection based on Lasso regression reduced features to 44, derived from the small RNAs from plasma (20), CSF cells (8) and cell-free CSF (16), with a marginal reduction in AUROC to 0.79. Samples from SPMS patients (n = 6) were subsequently projected on the latent space and differed significantly from RRMS and controls. On contrary, we found no differences between relapse and remission or between inflammatory and non-inflammatory disease controls, suggesting that the latent variable is not prone to inflammatory signals alone, but could be MS-specific. Hence, we here showcase that integration of small RNAs from plasma and CSF can be utilized to distinguish RRMS from SPMS and neurological disease controls.
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| 47. |
- Ou, Rong
(författare)
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A Survey of International Interart/Intermedial Studies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature. - : KNOWLEDGE HUB PUBL CO LTD. - 2520-4920. ; 3:4, s. 723-736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rise of "American"concept of comparative literature in the 1950s and 1960s in Europe and the US, more and more scholars have attended to the comparison, interaction and migration of literature and other arts; as a result, the interart criticism has become a new approach to the study of humanities and expanded to be interart poetics. Since the late 20th century, the rapid development of digital technologies has become a part of our daily life, the interart studies have broadened into the intermedial studies which booms as one of the most active areas of humanities, going with the intercultural and diversified tendencies. The paper makes a survey of the scholarship of international interart/intermedial studies and elaborates on the four focuses: word and image studies, word and music studies, adaptation studies and media transformation studies, thus shedding light on the academic trends of the intermedial studies in the new century.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Turri, Valerio, et al.
(författare)
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A model predictive controller for non-cooperative eco-platooning
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 American Control Conference (ACC) 24-26 May 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509059928 ; , s. 2309-2314
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes an energy-saving adaptive cruise control (ACC) which exploits the future trajectory of the preceding vehicle to minimize unnecessary braking. By suitable design of the model predictive control terminal set, the proposed eco-ACC avoids unnecessary braking and improves fuel economy, while guaranteeing safety and limited online computational burden. Simulations and experiments show the efficacy of the approach and confirm fuel saving, when the eco-ACC is compared to baseline ACC formulations.
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| 50. |
- Vergaro, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating levels and prognostic cut-offs of sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP in women vs. men with chronic heart failure
- 2022
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Ingår i: ESC Heart Failure. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2055-5822. ; 9:4, s. 2084-2095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To define plasma concentrations, determinants, and optimal prognostic cut-offs of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in women and men with chronic heart failure (HF). Methods and results Individual data of patients from the Biomarkers In Heart Failure Outpatient Study (BIOS) Consortium with sST2, hs-cTnT, and NT-proBNP measured were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of 1 year cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. The secondary endpoints were 5 year cardiovascular and all-cause death. The cohort included 4540 patients (age 67 +/- 12 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 33 +/- 13%, 1111 women, 25%). Women showed lower sST2 (24 vs. 27 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and hs-cTnT level (15 vs. 20 ng/L, P < 0.001), and similar concentrations of NT-proBNP (1540 vs. 1505 ng/L, P = 0.408). Although the three biomarkers were confirmed as independent predictors of outcome in both sexes, the optimal prognostic cut-off was lower in women for sST2 (28 vs. 31 ng/mL) and hs-cTnT (22 vs. 25 ng/L), while NT-proBNP cut-off was higher in women (2339 ng/L vs. 2145 ng/L). The use of sex-specific cut-offs improved risk prediction compared with the use of previously standardized prognostic cut-offs and allowed to reclassify the risk of many patients, to a greater extent in women than men, and for hs-cTnT than sST2 or NT-proBNP. Specifically, up to 18% men and up to 57% women were reclassified, by using the sex-specific cut-off of hs-cTnT for the endpoint of 5 year cardiovascular death. Conclusions In patients with chronic HF, concentrations of sST2 and hs-cTnT, but not of NT-proBNP, are lower in women. Lower sST2 and hs-cTnT and higher NT-proBNP cut-offs for risk stratification could be used in women.
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