| 1. |
- Lundgren, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Acidosis-induced ischemic brain damage: are free radicals involved?
- 1991
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In: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - 1559-7016. ; 11:4, s. 587-596
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Substantial evidence exists that reactive oxygen species participate in the pathogenesis of brain damage following both sustained and transient cerebral ischemia, adversely affecting the vascular endothelium and contributing to the formation of edema. One likely triggering event for free radical damage is delocalization of protein-bound iron. The binding capacity for some iron-binding proteins is highly pH sensitive and, consequently, the release of iron is enhanced by acidosis. In this study, we explored whether enhanced acidosis during ischemia triggers the production of reactive oxygen species. To that end, enhanced acidosis was produced by inducing ischemia in hyperglycemic rats, with normoglycemic ones serving as controls. Production of H2O2, estimated from the decrease in catalase activity after 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) administration, was measured in the cerebral cortex, caudoputamen, hippocampus, and substantia nigra (SN) after 15 min of ischemia followed by 5, 15, and 45 min of recovery, respectively (in substantia nigra after 45 min of recovery only). Free iron in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured after ischemia and 45 min of recovery. Levels of total glutathione (GSH + GSSH) in cortex and hippocampus, and levels of alpha-tocopherol in cortex, were also measured after 15 min of ischemia followed by 5, 15, and 45 min of recovery. The results confirm previous findings that brief ischemia in normoglycemic animals does not measurably increase H2O2 production in AT-injected animals. Ischemia under hyperglycemic conditions likewise failed to induce increased H2O2 production. No difference in free iron in CSF was observed between animals subjected to ischemia under hyper- and normoglycemic conditions. The moderate decrease in total glutathione or alpha-tocopherol levels did not differ between normo- and hyperglycemic animals in any brain region or at any recovery time. Thus, the results failed to give positive evidence for free radical damage following brief periods of ischemia complicated by excessive acidosis. However, it is possible that free radical production is localized to a small subcellular compartment within the tissue, thereby escaping detection. Also, the results do not exclude the possibility that free radicals are pathogenetically important after ischemia of longer duration.
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| 2. |
- Lundgren, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Aspiration: a potential complication to vagus nerve stimulation
- 1998
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In: Epilepsia. - 0013-9580. ; 39:9, s. 998-1000
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is reported to reduce the frequency of seizures in children and adults without causing serious side effects. However, clinical observation of swallowing difficulties in 2 children treated with VNS made further investigation necessary. METHODS: Seven patients aged 4-18 years and treated with VNS for 6-14 months were investigated with videoradiography during barium swallow. The children performed 5-30 barium swallow investigations with the VNS device turned off, running as programmed, or set at continuous stimulations. The degree of aspiration was scored from 0 to 3. RESULTS: In 5 of 7 children, of whom reported transient swallowing difficulties, no change in the degree of aspiration was noted. The 2 children with swallowing difficulties, however. showed increased aspiration score when the stimulator was set at continuous stimulations. In 1 the score also appeared to increase with the VNS running as programmed (p > 0.05). Both children had severe mental and motor disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Before and during VNS treatment patients should be evaluated with regard to swallowing problems. There needs to be an easy way to turn the device on and off to avoid aspirations, a hazardous and potentially life-threatening complication of VNS.
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| 3. |
- Lundgren, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Bone grafting to the maxillary sinuses, nasal floor and anterior maxilla in the atrophic edentulous maxilla. A two-stage technique.
- 1997
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In: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - 0901-5027 .- 1399-0020. ; 26:6, s. 428-434
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents the results from 20 consecutive patients treated with an autogenous bone graft from the iliac crest. In ten patients the graft was placed in the maxillary sinuses and the floor of the nose (inlay group). Ten patients, in addition to the inlay graft, had a corticocancellous bone block secured with mini-screws to the anterior maxillary ridge (inlay/onlay group). Endosteal implants (Brånemark) were placed six months after surgery. A total of 136 implants were placed, of which eight failed to integrate during the six-month healing period. A further 15 implants were lost during the follow-up period. For the inlay group the average follow-up period was 22 months and for the inlay/onlay group 19 months. Donor site morbidity was significantly less when iliac bone was harvested with a trephine (inlay group) than in patients treated with our routine procedure for bone harvesting (inlay/onlay group). Surgical technique, donor site morbidity, implant survival and patient acceptance are presented.
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| 4. |
- Nyström, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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Interpositional bone grafting and Le Fort I osteotomy for reconstruction of the atrophic edentulous maxilla. A two-stage technique.
- 1997
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In: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. - 0901-5027 .- 1399-0020. ; 26:6, s. 423-427
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents the results from ten consecutive patients who, because of insufficient bone volume for conventional implant placement in the maxilla, were treated with an interpositional bone graft and Le Fort I osteotomy. The endosteal implants were placed six months after the osteotomy. A total of 60 screw-shaped titanium implants (Brånemark) were placed, of which three failed to integrate during the six-month healing period. No further implants were lost during the follow-up period, ranging from 15 to 39 months after placement of the implants. All patients received fixed bridges and all have continued to function efficiently.
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| 5. |
- Sundgren, P C, et al.
(author)
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MRI and proton spectroscopy in a child with Rasmussen's encephalitis. Case report
- 1999
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In: Neuroradiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1920 .- 0028-3940. ; 41:12, s. 935-940
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The greater sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) compared with MRI to brain abnormalities in Rasmussen's encephalitis was demonstrated in a 3-year-old boy. The patient, with symptoms, signs and morphological findings consistent with Rasmussen's encephalitis, was followed with MRI and MRS over 30 months. That metabolic changes can be disclosed by MRS before the development of symptoms or signs was demonstrated as pathological spectra were found not only in the diseased left hemisphere but also in the morphologically normal right hemisphere before any neurological disturbance of that side.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wiström, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Infektioner och behandling vid kroniska bensår : Antibiotikaförbrukningen alltför hög, restriktivitet förordas
- 1999
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:1-2, s. 42-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chronic venous leg ulcers are contaminated or colonised with bacteria that seldom affects ulcer healing. Signs of clinical infection appear in only a minority of chronic ulcers. In spite of this, data show a high consumption of antibiotics in this group of patients. Treatment with antibiotics is indicated only when clinical signs of infection or obvious risk factors are present or when Streptococcus pyogenes is isolated from the ulcer. In these cases an oral antistaphylococcal agent (semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillin or first generation oral cephalosporin) is recommended as the first choice. Enterococci, anaerobic bacteria and gram-negative bacteria including pseudomonas spp. often colonise chronic ulcers, but do not usually cause antibiotic requiring infection.
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