| 1. |
- Guan, Zuguang, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of photon migration in scattering media using heterodyning techniques with a frequency modulated diode laser.
- 2009
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 17:18, s. 16291-16299
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A novel technique for studying photon propagation in scattering media is proposed and demonstrated, as is believed, for the first time. Photons propagating through the medium, from a frequency-ramped single-mode diode laser, meet a reference beam from the same source, at a common detector, and beat frequencies corresponding to various temporal delays are observed by heterodyne techniques. Fourier transformation directly yields the temporal dispersion curve. Proof-of-principle experiments on polystyrene foam and a tissue phantom suggest, that the new method, when fully developed, may favorably compete with the more complex time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and the phase-shift methods, now much employed.
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| 2. |
- Sundström, Patrik, et al.
(author)
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Human IgA-secreting cells induced by intestinal, but not systemic, immunization respond to CCL25 (TECK) and CCL28 (MEC).
- 2008
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In: European journal of immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980. ; 38:12, s. 3327-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organ-specific homing of lymphoid cells depends on the expression of tissue-specific adhesion molecules and production of specific chemokines. CCL25 (TECK) and CCL28 (MEC) have been reported to direct circulating memory/effector B cells to mucosal tissues. Here, we examined if differential responsiveness to mucosal and systemic chemokines could explain the differential migration pattern of circulating human antibody-secreting cells (ASC), induced by mucosal and systemic immunization. There was a robust migration of specific IgA- and IgM-ASC induced by Salmonella vaccination toward the mucosal chemokines CCL25 and CCL28. In contrast, tetanus-specific ASC migrated to the systemic chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) and showed no response to CCL25 or CCL28, not even tetanus-specific IgA-ASC. Cell sorting experiments demonstrated that Salmonella-specific ASC co-expressed CCR9 and CCR10. Our results show that induction site, rather than isotype commitment, determines the chemokine responsiveness and migration pattern of human effector B cells.
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