| 1. |
- Axelsson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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GRB110721A : AN EXTREME PEAK ENERGY AND SIGNATURES OF THE PHOTOSPHERE
- 2012
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205. ; 757:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB110721A was observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope using its two instruments, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The burst consisted of one major emission episode which lasted for similar to 24.5 s (in the GBM) and had a peak flux of (5.7 +/- 0.2) x 10(-5) erg s(-1) cm(-2). The time-resolved emission spectrum is best modeled with a combination of a Band function and a blackbody spectrum. The peak energy of the Band component was initially 15 +/- 2 MeV, which is the highest value ever detected in a GRB. This measurement was made possible by combining GBM/BGO data with LAT Low Energy events to achieve continuous 10-100 MeV coverage. The peak energy later decreased as a power law in time with an index of -1.89 +/- 0.10. The temperature of the blackbody component also decreased, starting from similar to 80 keV, and the decay showed a significant break after similar to 2 s. The spectrum provides strong constraints on the standard synchrotron model, indicating that alternative mechanisms may give rise to the emission at these energies.
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| 2. |
- Kneck, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Living with diabetes : development of learning patterns over a 3-year period
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 9, s. 24375-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Learning involves acquiring new knowledge and skills, and changing our ways of thinking, acting, and feeling. Learning in relation to living with diabetes is a lifelong process where there is limited knowledge of how it is experienced and established over time. It was considered important to explore how learning was developed over time for persons living with diabetes. AIM: The aim of the study was to identify patterns in learning when living with diabetes, from recently being diagnosed, and over a 3-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal qualitative descriptive design was used. Thirteen participants, with both type I and type II diabetes, were interviewed at three different occasions during a 3-year period. Qualitative content analysis was used in different steps in order to distinguish patterns. FINDINGS: Five main patterns of learning were identified. Two of the patterns (I and II) were characterized by gradually becoming comfortable living with diabetes, whereas for one pattern (IV) living with diabetes became gradually more difficult. For pattern V living with diabetes was making only a limited impact on life, whereas for Pattern III there was a constant management of obstacles related to illness. The different patterns in the present study showed common and different ways of learning and using different learning strategies at different timespans. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that duration of illness is not of importance for how far a person has come in his own learning process. A person-centered care is needed to meet the different and changing needs of persons living with diabetes in relation to learning to live with a lifelong illness.
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| 3. |
- Rosén, Helena I., et al.
(författare)
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Patients' experiences and perceived causes of persisting discomfort following day surgery
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6955. ; 9, s. artikelnummer 16-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences and perceived causes of persisting discomfort following day surgery. Earlier research has mainly covered symptoms and signs during a recovery period of up to one month, and not dealt with patients’ perceptions of what causes persisting, longer-term discomfort. Methods: This study is a part from a study carried out during the period May 2006 to May 2007 with a total of 298 day surgery patients. Answers were completed by 118 patients at 48 hours, 110 at seven days and 46 at three months to one open-ended question related to discomfort after day surgery constructed as follows: If you are stillexperiencing discomfort related to the surgery, what is the reason, in your opinion? Data was processed, quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive, inferential, correlation and content analyses were performed. Results: The results suggest that patients suffer from remaining discomfort e.g. pain and wound problem, with effects on daily life following day surgery up to three months. Among patients’ perceptions of factors leading to discomfort may be wrongful or suboptimal treatment, type of surgery or insufficient access to provider/information. Conclusions: The results have important implications for preventing and managing discomfort at home followingday surgery, and for nursing interventions to help patients handle the recovery period better.
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| 4. |
- Ryde, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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IDENTIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE PHOTOSPHERIC EMISSION IN GRB090902B
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 709:2, s. l172-L177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope observed the bright and long GRB090902B, lying at a redshift of z = 1.822. Together the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) cover the spectral range from 8 keV to >300 GeV. Here we show that the prompt burst spectrum is consistent with emission from the jet photosphere combined with nonthermal emission described by a single power law with photon index -1.9. The photosphere gives rise to a strong quasi-blackbody spectrum which is somewhat broader than a single Planck function and has a characteristic temperature of similar to 290 keV. We model the photospheric emission with a multicolor blackbody, and its shape indicates that the photospheric radius increases at higher latitudes. We derive the averaged photospheric radius R-ph = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(12) Y-1/4 cm and the bulk Lorentz factor of the flow, which is found to vary by a factor of 2 and has a maximal value of Gamma = 750 Y-1/4. Here, Y is the ratio between the total fireball energy and the energy emitted in the gamma rays. We find that during the first quarter of the prompt phase the photospheric emission dominates, which explains the delayed onset of the observed flux in the LAT compared to the GBM. We interpret the broadband emission as synchrotron emission at R similar to 4 x 10(15) cm. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of having high temporal resolution when performing spectral analysis on gamma-ray bursts, since there is strong spectral evolution.
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