| 1. |
- Månsson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Patient-assessed outcomes in Swedish and Egyptian men undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution--a prospective comparative study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1527-9995 .- 0090-4295. ; 70:6, s. 1086-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare two patient populations with assumed cultural differences undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution to determine whether these translate into differences in the answers to self-report instruments. METHODS: The questionnaires Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder Cancer (FACT-BL), consisting of a general version (FACT-G) and a bladder cancer specific module, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively to assess patient well-being, urologic symptoms, depression, and anxiety in 29 and 32 Swedish and Egyptian male patients, respectively. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the two groups. Higher FACT-G scores (ie, better outcomes) were obtained in the Swedish patients, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, but not after 12 months. Differences were also seen in the urogenital assessment provided by the FACT-BL module. HADS revealed more depression among the Egyptian patients throughout the study period. Also, anxiety was more common preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively in the Egyptian patients, but not after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Swedish men scored better than Egyptian men on the FACT-BL and HADS, although the latter improved with time after surgery. These results show that patient-assessed outcomes differ in patients from different sociocultural backgrounds. This should be recognized when analyzing results from comparative studies. Also, the use of culture-fair instruments is important when assessing patients with different sociocultural backgrounds.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Avdeitchikova, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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What do we mean when we talk about business angels? Some reflections on definitions and sampling
- 2008
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Ingår i: Venture Capital. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1066 .- 1464-5343. ; 10:4, s. 371-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early research on business angels recognized a couple of methodological obstacles that significantly have hindered knowledge accumulation about the phenomenon. In this article we will reflect upon these methodological obstacles with focus on definitional issues and sampling techniques. The purpose is to provide a framework that systemizes and inter-relates the variety of definitions within the field as well as to critically review the sampling techniques currently applied in the research field. We maintain that researchers need to make conscious definitional choices when conducting studies of informal investors and business angels, and argue that changing the unit of analysis from investor level to deal level can help to avoid definitional inconsistencies. Further, we suggest two alternative ways of creating high quality samples of business angels and informal investors – the random sample approach and the multi-sample approach. Both procedures reduce the sample bias and allow for longitudinal analysis which is argued to be essential in future research.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jahnson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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A population-based study of patterns of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2065 .- 0036-5599. ; 43:4, s. 271-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a population-based national register, and specifically to investigate the role of curative therapy (i.e. cystectomy or radiotherapy) in relation to patient, tumour and hospital characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Swedish Bladder Cancer Register covers more than 90% of all patients in the country who have been diagnosed with such disease since 1997. Results from 1997-2003 were analysed regarding curative-intent treatment given within 3-6 months of diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. RESULTS: In total, 3463 patients with clinical T2-T4 bladder cancer were included in the analysis. Of those patients, 1426 (41%) received curative-intent treatment in the form of radiotherapy (285, 20%) or cystectomy (1141, 80%). Male gender, age < 76 years, favourable TNM category and registration at a high-volume hospital were associated with such treatment. Curative-intent treatment was given to significantly more patients registered at high-volume hospitals (1003/2227, 45%) than at low-volume hospitals (423/1235, 34%) (chi(2)=37.7, p<0.00001). Cystectomy was performed more often in those registered at high-volume than at low-volume hospitals (826/2227, 37%, and 316/1235, 26%, respectively, chi(2)=47.3, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Lower rates of curative-intent treatment were found in patients registered at low-volume than at high-volume facilities, and the same was seen when comparing females with males, and patients aged 76-80 years with younger patients. Since many of these bladder cancer patients were registered at and eventually treated at hospitals handling fewer than 10 such cases annually, it seems desirable to concentrate treatment of this disease at more specialized centres.
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| 6. |
- Liedberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prospective study of transitional cell carcinoma in the prostatic urethra, and prostate in cystoprostatectomy specimen
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:4, s. 290-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To prospectively evaluate the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in the prostatic urethra and prostate in the cystoprostatectomy specimen, investigate characteristics of bladder tumours in relation to the risk of involvement of the prostatic urethra and prostate and examine the sensitivity of preoperative loop biopsies from the prostatic urethra. Material and methods. Preoperatively, patients were investigated with cold cup biopsies from the bladder and transurethral loop biopsies from the bladder neck to the verumontanum. The prostate and bladder neck were submitted to sagittal whole-mount pathological analysis. Results. The incidence of TCC in the prostatic urethra and prostate in the cystoprostatectomy specimen was 29% (50/175 patients). Age, previous bacillus Calmette-Gueacuterin treatment, carcinoma in situ (Cis) in the cold cup mapping biopsies and tumour grade were not associated with the risk of TCC in the prostatic urethra/prostate. Cis, multifocal Cis (≥2 locations) and tumour location in the trigone were significantly more common in cystectomy specimens with TCC in the prostatic urethra and prostate: 21/50 (42%) vs 32/125 (26%), p=0.045; 20/50 (40%) vs 27/125 (22%), p=0.023; and 20/50 (40%) vs 26/125 (21%), p=0.01, respectively. Preoperative resectional biopsies from the prostatic urethra in the 154 patients analysed identified 31/47 (66%) of patients with TCC in the prostatic urethra/prostate, with a specificity of 89%. The detection of stromal-invasive and non-stromal involvement was similar: 66% and 65%, respectively. Conclusions. The incidence of TCC in the prostatic urethra and prostate was 29% (50/175) in the cystoprostatectomy specimen. Preoperative biopsies from the prostatic urethra identified 66% of patients with such tumour growth. Our findings suggest that preoperative cold cup mapping biopsies of the bladder for detection of Cis add little extra information with regard to the risk of TCC in the prostatic urethra and prostate.
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| 7. |
- Månsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 before, during and after a civil war in an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.
- 2009
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Ingår i: AIDS. - 1473-5571. ; 23, s. 1575-1582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:: To study prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 between 1990 and 2007 and to examine impact of the civil war in 1998-1999. We also wanted to investigate possible interaction between HIV-1 and HIV-2. DESIGN:: Open prospective cohort study of 4592 police officers in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. METHODS:: Analysis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and incidence divided in 2-3 years time strata. RESULTS:: HIV-1 prevalence (including HIV-1/HIV-2 dual reactivity) increased gradually from 0.6 to 3.6% before the war and was 9.5% in the first serosurvey after the war. HIV-1 incidence more than doubled during and shortly after the war, from 0.50 to 1.22 per 100 person-years. Both prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 decreased in the following periods after the war. HIV-2 prevalence decreased from 13.4 to 6.2% during the entire study period and HIV-2 incidence decreased from 1.38 to 0.18 per 100 person-years. Adjusted incidence rate ratios of HIV-1 incidence in HIV-2-positive participants compared with HIV-negative participants ranged from 1.02 to 1.18 (not significant) depending on the confounding variables included. CONCLUSION:: HIV-1 has increased, whereas HIV-2 has decreased and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 is now more than four times higher as compared with HIV-2. The civil war in 1998-1999 appears to have induced a temporary increase in HIV-1 transmission, but now a stabilization of HIV-1 incidence and prevalence seems to have taken place. There was no evidence of a protective effect of HIV-2 against HIV-1 infection.
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| 8. |
- Månsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence among pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: possible effect of the civil war 1998-1999.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sexually Transmitted Infections. - : BMJ. - 1368-4973. ; 83:6, s. 463-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Sentinel surveys in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, have shown low prevalence of HIV-1 but high HIV-2 prevalence before 1998. Guinea-Bissau experienced a civil war in 1998-1999. To examine specifically the trends of HIV prevalence from antenatal surveys in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau in 1987-2004, and whether the civil war in 1998-1999 could have an effect on HIV prevalence levels after the conflict. Methods: Since 1987, anonymous HIV testing in delivering women has been performed at the maternity clinic, Simao Mendes National Hospital, Bissau, as part of the national sentinel surveillance programme. Consecutive sampling was performed for approximately 3 months between September and December each year. Serological analyses were performed at the National Public Health Laboratory in Guinea-Bissau. Results: A total of 20 422 women were tested for HIV between 1987 and 2004. The total HIV-1 prevalence increased from 0.0% in 1987 to 4.8% in 2004 and the total HIV-2 prevalence decreased from 8.3% in 1987 to 2.5% in 2004. The HIV-1 prevalence increased from 2.5% in 1997 to 5.2% in 1999, but stabilized in subsequent years. Conclusions: There was a significant increase in HIV-1 prevalence in the years 1987-2004 and a significant decline in HIV-2 prevalence over the same period. The civil war in 1998-1999 may have sparked HIV-1 transmission, as HIV-1 prevalence more than doubled between 1997 and 1999, but there is no evidence of a long-term effect on the trends of HIV-1 or HIV-2 prevalence.
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| 9. |
- Månsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Business Angels in a Changing Economy: The Case of Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5343. ; 8:4, s. 281-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish business angel market of 2004 is presented and compared to that of 1992 in order to determine the significance of the time factor. The presentation is carried out against the background of the macroeconomic changes that have taken place and how they have affected the informal venture capital market. The empirical findings reveal how the amounts invested have changed, which companies the business angels have invested in and the ways in which the business angels' deal flow has changed since 1992. The results show that business angels in Sweden have become more professional in their way of identifying new investment opportunities and that the informal venture capital market is becoming more mature with less information asymmetry. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that Internet hype and changes in the Swedish taxation system have probably influenced the business angel market, making investors invest at earlier stages and in high-tech companies.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Månsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Closure effects on fatigue crack growth rates at constant and variable amplitude loading
- 2004
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Ingår i: Engineering Fracture Mechanics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-7944 .- 1873-7315. ; 71:10-sep, s. 1273-1288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate measurements of fatigue propagation rates after single and during repetitive overloads were performed. It was shown that plastic deformations in the crack tip region and in the crack wake cause crack closure that is of major importance for crack growth rates. The consequences of this for methods to determine certain material properties are discussed. An improved method to measure closure free propagation rate data was utilised. The possibilities and shortcomings of compliance methods to determine crack closure levels are pointed out. The relevance of using DeltaK(I,eff) = K-I,K-max - K-I,K-lim, where K-I,K-lim possibly could be interpreted as the crack closure level was investigated and is discussed. A method to predict average crack propagation rates at block loadings consisting of well-defined load cycles of different amplitudes and R-factors was suggested. Three-dimensional effects after overloads were observed. These observations confirmed that the crack closure behaviour also depends on geometry of the specimen.
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| 14. |
- Nilsson, Gunnar H., et al.
(författare)
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Patients, general practitioners, diseases and health problems in urban general practice : a cross-sectional study on electronic patient records
- 2008
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Ingår i: Primary Health Care Research and Development. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 9:2, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Statistics from primary health care in Sweden, as well as from other Nordic countries, have been sparse. The electronic patient records (EPR) will be an increasingly important source of clinical information. The aim of this study was to investigate types of encounters, managed diseases and health problems, and characteristics of patients and general practitioners (GPs) in everyday general practice using EPR.Methods A multi-centre, cross-sectional database study of EPR in primary health care in Stockholm, Sweden. Twenty-six randomly selected GPs with 20 randomly selected encounters each. Main outcome measures were the number and distribution of diseases and health problems, age and gender of patients and GPs, and type of encounter.Results The mean age of the patients was 51.2 years, 30.2% were aged 75 years or older, and 57.5% were women. The mean number of managed problems per encounter was 1.4. The most common specific diagnoses were essential hypertension (9.3% of the encounters) and acute upper respiratory infections (8.8%). Older patients had more health problems in each encounter (P = 0.000001). GPs differed regarding the characteristics of their patients, including sex, age and number of health problems managed at each encounter. The patients of different GPs differed regarding sex, age and number of health problems managed. Female and male patients had different diagnostic panoramas and they had a tendency to encounter a GP of the same sex (odds ratio 1.5, P = 0.053).Conclusions We found that two diagnoses (essential hypertension and acute upper respiratory infections), four diagnostic groups, women and the elderly are predominant. Female and male patients have different diagnostic panoramas and they have a tendency to encounter a GP of the same sex. GPs differ regarding the characteristics of their patients, including sex, age and number of health problems managed at each encounter.
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| 15. |
- Nilsson, Gunnar H., et al.
(författare)
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Patients, general practitioners, diseases and health problems in urban general practice: a cross-sectional study on electronic patient records
- 2008
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Ingår i: Primary Health Care Research & Development. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1463-4236 .- 1477-1128. ; 9:02, s. 119-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Statistics from primary health care in Sweden, as well as from other Nordic countries, have been sparse. The electronic patient records (EPR) will be an increasingly important source of clinical information. The aim of this study was to investigate types of encounters, managed diseases and health problems, and characteristics of patients and general practitioners (GPs) in everyday general practice using EPR. Methods: A multi-centre, cross-sectional database study of EPR in primary health care in Stockholm, Sweden. Twenty-six randomly selected GPs with 20 randomly selected encounters each. Main outcome measures were the number and distribution of diseases and health problems, age and gender of patients and GPs, and type of encounter. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.2 years, 30.2% were aged 75 years or older, and 57.5% were women. The mean number of managed problems per encounter was 1.4. The most common specific diagnoses were essential hypertension (9.3% of the encounters) and acute upper respiratory infections (8.8%). Older patients had more health problems in each encounter (P = 0.000001). GPs differed regarding the characteristics of their patients, including sex, age and number of health problems managed at each encounter. The patients of different GPs differed regarding sex, age and number of health problems managed. Female and male patients had different diagnostic panoramas and they had a tendency to encounter a GP of the same sex (odds ratio 1.5, P = 0.053). Conclusions: We found that two diagnoses (essential hypertension and acute upper respiratory infections), four diagnostic groups, women and the elderly are predominant. Female and male patients have different diagnostic panoramas and they have a tendency to encounter a GP of the same sex. GPs differ regarding the characteristics of their patients, including sex, age and number of health problems managed at each encounter.
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| 16. |
- Nowroozalizadeh, Salma, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on toll-like receptor stimuli responsiveness in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0023 .- 1043-4666. ; 46:3, s. 325-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: HIV-1 and HIV-2 are two related viruses with distinct clinical outcomes, where HIV-1 is more pathogenic and transmissible than HIV-2. The pathogenesis of both infections is influenced by the dysregulation and deterioration of the adaptive immune system. However, their effects on the responsiveness of innate immunity are less well known. Here, we report on toll-like receptor (TLR) stimuli responsiveness in HIV-1 or HIV-2 infections. Methods: Whole blood from 235 individuals living in Guinea-Bissau who were uninfected, infected with HIV-1, infected with HIV-2, and/or infected with HTLV-1, was stimulated with TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists, R-848 and unmethylated CpG DNA. After TLR7/8 and TLR9 stimuli, the expression levels of IL-12 and IFN-alpha were related to gender, age, infection status, CD4(+) T cell counts. and plasma viral load. Results: Defective TLR9 responsiveness was observed in the advanced disease stage, along with CD4(+) T cell loss in both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Moreover, TLR7/8 responsiveness was reduced in HIV-1 infected individuals compared with uninfected controls. Conclusions: Innate immunity responsiveness can be monitored by whole blood stimulation. Both advanced HIVA and HIV-2 infections may cause innate immunity dysregulation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Pehrson Berger, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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TEMA: Gränsöverskridande i och kring litteraturen
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta första nummer av Institutionen för Humanioras nya skriftserie innehåller följande bidrag:Ingela Pehrson Berger: "Ge mig din mänsklighet". Om gränserna och 'mellanrummet' som tema i Kerstin Ekmans romaner Guds barmhärtighet och Sista rompanBirgitta Bergsten: Överskrida gränser - är det tillåtet? Två litterära svenska exempelHans Färnlöf: Inre och yttre sfärer - gränsöverskridandets problematik i Tecknet av MaupassantSture Packalén: Zum Eigenen und Fremden bei Erich Fried und Peter WeissPetra Thore: Den tyskspråkiga migrantlitteraturen - begreppsdiskussion och reception under tre decennierMonica Loeb: Chappaquiddick Engendered: Joyce Carol Oates Lends a Voice to The Dead in Black WaterKarin Molander Danielsson: Detektivserien, en genre under utvecklingTommy Öberg: Paul Auster and Intertextuality - The Influence of Film Noir in GhostsAnette Månsson: Kung Oidipus av Egypten: dramatiskt möte mellan västerländska och österländska litterära traditioner i Tawfiq al Hakims Al-Malik Oudib
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| 18. |
- Semerdzhiev, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Cystometric and in vitro muscle studies of cystoplastic appendiceal segments in the rat
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neurourology and Urodynamics. - : John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. - 0733-2467 .- 1520-6777. ; 25:3, s. 259-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The functional integration of the smooth muscle of enterocystoplasties into the detrusor muscle was investigated in an awake-rat cystometry model and in vitro.METHODS: The upper fourth of the bladder was removed, and a detubularized appendiceal segment (7 x 7 mm), with preserved vasculature, was incorporated into the bladder. After 1 or 3 months, a catheter was fixed to the top of the bladders. After a 3-day recovery, cystometries were performed. In separate experiments, agonist and nerve-induced responses were evaluated on isolated bladder strips.RESULTS: Cystometries revealed reduced basal pressure and micturition pressure in enterocystoplasty (ECP) bladders. Bladder capacity and micturition volume were increased. Threshold pressure (pressure immediately before micturition) was significantly lower at 1 month, but not at 3 months. Bladder compliance was significantly higher in the operated at 1 month but not at 3 months. Threshold tension did not differ between control and corresponding operated groups. Residual urine was significantly higher in the operated groups. ECP strips showed increased maximal contractions to nerve stimulation, to levels similar to those of detrusor strips. Maximal responses to carbachol increased to levels between those of intestine and detrusor. The inhibitory effect of scopolamine on nerve induced contractions increased to levels similar to those for detrusor. Purinergic activation had no effect on intestinal or ECP strips, but contracted detrusor muscle.CONCLUSIONS: The smooth muscle of the bowel segment in rat ECP bladders underwent a partial change in the response to nerve stimulation from that of intestine towards that of detrusor. The cystometry experiments suggested a partial functional integration of the ECP segment into the detrusor.
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