| 1. |
- Hasan, A, et al.
(författare)
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World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia : Part 1: Update 2012 on the acute treatment of schizophrenia and the management of treatment resistance.
- 2012
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Ingår i: The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 13:5, s. 318-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These updated guidelines are based on a first edition of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia published in 2005. For this 2012 revision, all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of schizophrenia were reviewed systematically to allow for an evidence-based update. These guidelines provide evidence-based practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful and these guidelines are intended to be used by all physicians diagnosing and treating people suffering from schizophrenia. Based on the first version of these guidelines, a systematic review of the MEDLINE/PUBMED database and the Cochrane Library, in addition to data extraction from national treatment guidelines, has been performed for this update. The identified literature was evaluated with respect to the strength of evidence for its efficacy and then categorised into six levels of evidence (A–F; Bandelow et al. 2008b, World J Biol Psychiatry 9:242). This first part of the updated guidelines covers the general descriptions of antipsychotics and their side effects, the biological treatment of acute schizophrenia and the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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| 2. |
- Thompson, B.A., et al.
(författare)
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Application of a 5-tiered scheme for standardized classification of 2,360 unique mismatch repair gene variants in the InSiGHT locus-specific database
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:2, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives. The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) undertook a collaborative effort to develop, test and apply a standardized classification scheme to constitutional variants in the Lynch syndrome-associated genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution. The scheme was refined by multidisciplinary expert committee review of the clinical and functional data available for variants, applied to 2,360 sequence alterations, and disseminated online. Assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for 66% of 12,006 database entries. Clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for 1,370 variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature. This large-scale endeavor will facilitate the consistent management of families suspected to have Lynch syndrome and demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in the curation and classification of variants in public locus-specific databases. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
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| 3. |
- Coupland, Victoria H, et al.
(författare)
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Hospital volume, proportion resected and mortality from oesophageal and gastric cancer : a population-based study in England, 2004-2008
- 2013
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 62:7, s. 961-966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:This study assessed the associations between hospital volume, resection rate and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer patients in England.DESIGN: 62 811 patients diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer between 2004 and 2008 were identified from a national population-based cancer registration and Hospital Episode Statistics-linked dataset. Cox regression analyses were used to assess all-cause mortality according to hospital volume and resection rate, adjusting for case-mix variables (sex, age, socioeconomic deprivation, comorbidity and type of cancer). HRs and 95% CIs, according to hospital volume, were evaluated for three predefined periods following surgery: <30, 30-365, and >365 days. Analysis of mortality in relation to resection rate was performed among all patients and among the 13 189 (21%) resected patients.RESULTS:Increasing hospital volume was associated with lower mortality (p(trend)=0.0001; HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.95 for hospitals resecting 80+ and compared with <20 patients a year). In relative terms, the association between increasing hospital volume and lower mortality was particularly strong in the first 30 days following surgery (p(trend)<0.0001; HR 0.52, (0.39 to 0.70)), but a clinically relevant association remained beyond 1 year (p(trend)=0.0011; HR 0.82, (0.72 to 0.95)). Increasing resection rates were associated with lower mortality among all patients (p(trend)<0.0001; HR 0.86, (0.84 to 0.89) for the highest, compared with the lowest resection quintile).CONCLUSIONS:With evidence of lower short-term and longer-term mortality for patients resected in high-volume hospitals, this study supports further centralisation of oesophageal and gastric cancer surgical services in England.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Grauers, A, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Back Problems in 1069 Adults With Idiopathic Scoliosis and 158 Adults Without Scoliosis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Spine. - 1528-1159 .- 0362-2436. ; 39:11, s. 886-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design. Multi-center case-control studyObjective. To investigate the prevalence of back problems in adults with idiopathic scoliosis.Summary of Background Data. Information on the prevalence of back problems in adults with idiopathic scoliosis is scarce, especially in untreated individuals, males and individuals with an age at onset of the scoliosis of less than 10 years.Methods. 1069 individuals with idiopathic scoliosis and 158 individuals without scoliosis, all aged 20-65 years, answered a questionnaire on back problems. Individuals with scoliosis were diagnosed between ages 4 and 20 years and any treatment was terminated before age 20. Logistic regression or ANCOVA was used for group comparisons.Results. Mean (SD) age at the time of investigation in individuals with scoliosis (123 men and 946 women) was 41 (9) years, and in individuals without scoliosis (75 men and 83 women) 45 (13) years. 374 individuals with scoliosis were untreated, 451 had been brace treated and 244 surgically treated. The mean prevalence of back problems was 64% in the individuals with scoliosis and 29% in the individuals without scoliosis (p<0.001). Among the untreated individuals with scoliosis, 69% reported back problems, among the brace treated 61%, and among the surgically treated 64% (p = 0.06). When comparing females and males with scoliosis, and individuals with juvenile and adolescent scoliosis, there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of back problems (p = 0.10 and p = 0.23, respectively).Conclusion. Adults with idiopathic scoliosis have a higher prevalence of back problems than individuals without scoliosis. Treatment, gender and juvenile or adolescent onset of diagnosis was not related to the prevalence of back problems in adulthood.
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| 6. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Perner, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 versus Ringer's Acetate in Severe Sepsis
- 2012
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 367:2, s. 124-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6% HES 130/0.4 or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. RESULTS Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03); 1 patient in each group had end-stage kidney failure. In the 90-day period, 87 patients (22%) assigned to HES 130/0.4 were treated with renal-replacement therapy versus 65 patients (16%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80; P=0.04), and 38 patients (10%) and 25 patients (6%), respectively, had severe bleeding (relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.48; P=0.09). The results were supported by multivariate analyses, with adjustment for known risk factors for death or acute kidney injury at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe sepsis assigned to fluid resuscitation with HES 130/0.4 had an increased risk of death at day 90 and were more likely to require renal-replacement therapy, as compared with those receiving Ringer's acetate.
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| 10. |
- Abrahamsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Real world data on primary treatment for mantle cell lymphoma: a Nordic Lymphoma Group observational study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 124:8, s. 1288-1295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is consensus that young patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) should receive intensive immunochemotherapy regimens, but optimal treatment of elderly patients as well for as patients with limited or indolent disease is not defined. Our aim was to evaluate and compare outcome in relation to prognostic factors and first-line treatment in patients with MCL in a population-based data set. Data were collected from the Swedish and Danish Lymphoma Registries from the period of 2000-2011. A total of 1389 patients were diagnosed with MCL. During this period, age-standardized incidence MCL increased, most prominently among males. Furthermore, male gender was associated with inferior overall survival (OS) in multivariate analysis (HR 1.36; p=0.002). Forty-three (3.6%) patients with stage I-II disease received radiotherapy with curative intent, showing a 3 year OS of 93%. Twenty-nine (2.4%) patients followed a watch-and-wait approach and showed a 3 year OS of 79.8%. Among patients receiving systemic treatment, rituximab (n=766; HR 0.66; p=0.001) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) (n=273; HR 0.55; p=0.004) were independently associated with improved overall survival in multivariate analysis. Hence, by a population-based approach, we were able to provide novel data on prognostic factors and primary treatment of MCL, applicable to routine clinical practice.
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| 11. |
- Baron, P., et al.
(författare)
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The level 2 research product algorithms for the superconducting submillimeter-wave limb-emission sounder (SMILES)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-8610. ; 4:3, s. 3593-3645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processingchain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-EmissionSounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operationalchain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2rchain products are available to the scientific community. The objective ofversion 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in thealtitude range of 18-90 km. An theoretical error analysis is conducted toestimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing:line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and O3 profiles. The line-of-sight tangent altitudes are retrievedbetween 20 and 50 km from the strong ozone (O3) line at 625.371 GHz,with low correlation with the O3 volume-mixing ratio and temperatureretrieved profiles. Neglecting the non-linearity of the radiometric gain inthe calibration procedure is the main systematic error. It is large for theretrieved temperature (between 5-10 K). Therefore, atmospheric pressure cannot be derived from the retrieved temperature, and, then, in the altituderange where the line-of-sight tangent altitudes are retrieved, the retrievedtrace gases profiles are found to be better represented on pressure levelsthan on altitude levels. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profiledemonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained byusing narrow spectral windows. Future versions of the L2r algorithms willimprove the temperature/pressure retrievals and also provide information inthe upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric region (e.g., water vapor, icecontent, O3) and on stratospheric and mesospheric line-of-sight winds.
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| 12. |
- Baron, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Level 2 research product algorithms for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 4, s. 2105-2124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processing chain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operational chain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2r chain products are available to the scientific community. The objective of version 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in the altitude range of 18–90 km. A theoretical error analysis is conducted to estimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing: line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and ozone profiles. While pointing information is often retrieved from molecular oxygen lines, there is no oxygen line in the SMILES spectra, so the strong ozone line at 625.371 GHz has been chosen. The pointing parameters and the ozone profiles are retrieved from the line wings which are measured with high signal to noise ratio, whereas the temperature profile is retrieved from the optically thick line center. The main systematic component of the retrieval error was found to be the neglect of the non-linearity of the radiometric gain in the calibration procedure. This causes a temperature retrieval error of 5–10 K. Because of these large temperature errors, it is not possible to construct a reliable hydrostatic pressure profile. However, as a consequence of the retrieval of pointing parameters, pressure induced errors are significantly reduced if the retrieved trace gas profiles are represented on pressure levels instead of geometric altitude levels. Further, various setups of trace gas retrievals have been tested. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profile demonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained by using narrow spectral windows.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Courteille, O., et al.
(författare)
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Face validity of VIS-Ed : A visualization program for teaching medical students and residents the biomechanics of cervical spine trauma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 20. - : IOS Press. - 9781614992080 ; 184, s. 96-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This RCT study aimed to investigate if VIS-Ed (Visualization through Imaging and Simulation - Education) had the potential to improve medical student education and specialist training in clinical diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients. The participants' general opinion was reported as high in both groups (lecture vs. virtual patient (VP)). Face validity of the VIS-Ed for cervical spine trauma was demonstrated and the VP group reported higher stimulation and engagement compared to the lecture group. No significant difference in the knowledge test between both groups could be observed, confirming our null hypothesis that VIS-Ed was on par with a lecture.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Duberg, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Adolescent girls with internalizing problems : Can dance intervention improve health? A randomized, controlled trial with cost-utility analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - : Elsevier. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 15:Suppl. 1, s. S345-S346
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: The increasing prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescent girls is alarming. Knowledge of beneficial effects of physical activity on psychological health are widespread. Dance is a popular form of exercise also known to increase a sense of self-control which can contribute to reduced stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate if dance intervention for adolescent girls with internalizing problems influenced self-rated health. A secondary aim was to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention in addition to usual school health services, compared with usual school health services alone.Methods: Randomized controlled intervention trial with follow-up measures of self-rated health at 8, 12 and 20 months after baseline. A total of 112 girls, 13–18 years old, with internalizing problems, i.e. stress and psychosomatic symptoms, were randomized to intervention group or control group. The intervention comprised dance classes twice weekly during 8 months. Each dance class lasted 75 minutes and the focus was on the joy of movement, not on performance. Costs for the stakeholder of the intervention, treatment effect and healthcare costs were considered. Gained quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) were used to measure the effects. Quality of life (QOL) was measured with the Health Utility Index Mark 3 (HUI 3). Cost-effectiveness ratios were based on the changes in QALY and net costs for the intervention group compared with the control group. Net monetary benefit (NMB) was also calculated.Results: A year after baseline 65% of the girls in the intervention group and 32% of the girls in the control group had increased their self-rated health. The differences in change score between groups were significant at all follow-ups. After 8-months U = 895.5 (P = .037), after 12-months U = 680.0 (P = .001), and after 20-months U = 801 (P = .022).Cost effectiveness showed that after 20 months, QOL had increased by 0.083 units more in the intervention group than in the control group (P = .04), translating to 0.095 gained QALY. The cost-effectiveness ratio was $7187.4 and the NMB was $3846.0 (Willingness to pay $50 000 for a gained QALY).Discussion: This study suggests that an 8-month dance intervention can improve self-rated health for adolescent girls with internalizing problems. The improvement remained a year after the intervention. The intervention in addition to usual school health services showed cost-effectiveness compared with usual school health services alone. The cost-effectiveness ratio was far below the recommended threshold value.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched controls.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 41:4, s. 290-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As physical activity reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, studies concerning the frequency of physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are needed. Earlier studies indicate that patients with SLE are physically inactive but there are few studies that compare physical activity in SLE to that in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine different aspects of physical activity in patients with SLE and population controls and to investigate how they relate to disease activity and organ damage.METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-two patients with SLE and 272 population controls, individually matched for age, gender, and living region, were investigated clinically. For patients, the investigation included assessment of disease activity using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and organ damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC) Damage Index. All participants filled out an extensive questionnaire concerning physical activity, exercise capacity, and sedentary behaviour.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 47 (SD 15) years. Patients reported lower (p < 0.001) capacity for walking, jogging, and running and more limiting factors for these activities than controls (p < 0.001). Patients exercised less often than controls (p < 0.01) and patients with SLICC ≥ 2 points reported less physical activity on 'low to moderate' intensity compared to their controls (p < 0.05). Sedentary behaviour was reported by 18% of the patients and 26% of the controls (ns).CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE reported lower exercise capacity and less frequent exercise than controls. Additionally, patients with more organ damage reported less physical activity, and these, together with patients who have a sedentary behaviour, should be the focus of intervention programmes to support increased physical activity and exercise in SLE.
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| 18. |
- Friis Møller, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Production and fate of copepod fecal pellets acrossthe Southern Indian Ocean
- 2011
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Ingår i: Marine Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0025-3162 .- 1432-1793. ; 158:3, s. 677-688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vertical distribution of copepods, fecal pellets and the fecal pellet production of copepods were measured at seven stations across the Southern Indian Ocean from productive areas off South Africa to oligotrophic waters off Northern Australia during October/November 2006. We quantified export of copepod fecal pellet from surface waters and how much was retained. Furthermore, the potential impact of Oncaea spp. and harpacticoid copepods on fecal pellets degradation was evaluated and found to be regional substantial. The highest copepod abundance and fecal pellet production was found in the western nutrient-rich stations close to South Africa and the lowest at the central oligotrophic stations. The in situ copepod fecal pellet production varied between 1 and 1,000 mu g C m(-3) day(-1). At all stations, the retention of fecal pellets in the upper 400 m of the water column was more than 99% and the vertical export of fecal pellets was low (< 0.02 mg m(-2) day(-1)).
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| 19. |
- Garde, Adam A., et al.
(författare)
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The Finnefjeld domain, Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland: Differential rheological features and mechanical homogenisation in response to impacting?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-9268. ; 255, s. 791-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 35 by 50 km large, Mesoarchaean Finnefjeld domain near Maniitsoq in the North Atlantic craton of southern West Greenland constitutes the central part of the previously proposed, deeply eroded Maniitsoq impact structure with an age of 3.0 Ga. The Finnefjeld domain is an exceedingly homogeneous, quartzo-feldspathic rock mass which superficially appears to be a late-orogenic, deep-crustal, intrusive granitoid pluton, and which was described as such for decades. However, new observations confirm and qualify the first observations from 1962 of these rocks as 'cataclastic'. The Finnefjeld domain is characterised by a highly unusual, mixed rheological behaviour. Plagioclase displays brittle behaviour with cataclasis, quartz was ductilely deformed, and K-feldspar was melted. The deformation and homogenisation of the Finnefjeld domain was caused by an intense event of heating and deformation, which was coseismic in nature and comprised numerous increments of pure shear strain. This type of intense, brittle, regional deformation and concomitant direct mineral melting in the deep crust is unknown from endogenic orogenic events and is ascribed to deep-crustal effects of impacting. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Garwicz, Stanislaw, et al.
(författare)
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Late and very late mortality in 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: Changing pattern over four decades. Experience from the Nordic countries.
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136. ; 131:7, s. 1659-1666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term survivors of childhood cancer suffer from a higher mortality than the general population. Here we evaluate late and very late mortality, and patterns of causes of death, in five year survivors after childhood and adolescent cancer in cases diagnosed during four decades in the five Nordic countries. The study is population-based and uses data of the nationwide cancer registries and the cause of death registers. There were in all 37,515 incident cases, diagnosed with cancer before the age of 20 years, between 1960 and 1999. The 5-year survivor cohort used in the mortality analyses consisted of 21,984 patients who were followed-up for vital status until December 31, 2005 (Norway, Sweden) or 2006 (Denmark, Finland, Iceland). At the latest follow-up, 2,324 patients were dead. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 8.3 and the absolute excess risk was 6.2 per 1,000 person-years. The pattern of causes of death varied markedly between different groups of primary cancer diagnosis, and was highly dependent on time passed since diagnosis. With shorter follow-up the mortality was mainly due to primary cancer, while with longer follow-up, mortality due to second cancer and non-cancer causes became more prominent. Mortality between 5 and 10 years after diagnosis continued to decrease in patients treated during the most recent period of time, 1990-99, compared to previous periods, while mortality after 10 years changed very little with time period. We conclude that improvement of definite survival demands not only reducing early but also late and very late mortality.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of prostate cancer survival in England, Norway and Sweden : A population-based study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 36:1, s. e7-e12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The objective of the study was to compare patterns of survival 2001-2004 in prostate cancer patients from England, Norway and Sweden in relation to age and period of follow-up. Subjects and methods Excess mortality in men with prostate cancer was estimated using nation-wide cancer register data using a period approach for relative survival. 179,112 men in England, 23,192 in Norway and 59,697 in Sweden were included. Results In all age groups, England had the lowest survival, particularly so among men aged 80+. Overall age-standardised five-year survival was 76.4%, 80.3% and 83.0% for England, Norway and Sweden, respectively. The majority of the excess deaths in England were confined to the first year of follow-up. Conclusion The results indicate that a small but important group of older patients present at a late stage and succumb early to their cancers, possibly in combination with severe comorbidity, and this situation is more common in England than in Norway or Sweden.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Jakobsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Arctic Ocean glacial history
- 2014
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Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 92, s. 40-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there are numerous hypotheses concerning glacial interglacial environmental and climatic regime shifts in the Arctic Ocean, a holistic view on the Northern Hemisphere's late Quaternary ice-sheet extent and their impact on ocean and sea-ice dynamics remains to be established. Here we aim to provide a step in this direction by presenting an overview of Arctic Ocean glacial history, based on the present state-of-the-art knowledge gained from field work and chronological studies, and with a specific focus on ice-sheet extent and environmental conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The maximum Quaternary extension of ice sheets is discussed and compared to LGM. We bring together recent results from the circum-Arctic continental margins and the deep central basin; extent of ice sheets and ice streams bordering the Arctic Ocean as well as evidence for ice shelves extending into the central deep basin. Discrepancies between new results and published LGM ice-sheet reconstructions in the high Arctic are highlighted and outstanding questions are identified. Finally, we address the ability to simulate the Arctic Ocean ice sheet complexes and their dynamics, including ice streams and ice shelves, using presently available ice-sheet models. Our review shows that while we are able to firmly reject some of the earlier hypotheses formulated to describe Arctic Ocean glacial conditions, we still lack information from key areas to compile the holistic Arctic Ocean glacial history.
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| 26. |
- Knudsen, Endre, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biological Reviews. - 1469-185X. ; 86, s. 928-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the knowledge basis enables consensus regarding broad patterns and likely causes. Empirical data needed for disentangling mechanisms are still scarce, and consequences at a population level and on community composition remain unclear. With increasing knowledge, the overall support ('consensus view') for a claim increased and between-researcher variability in support ('expert opinions') decreased, indicating the importance of assessing and communicating the knowledge basis. A proper integration across biological disciplines seems essential for the field's transition from affirming patterns to understanding mechanisms and making robust predictions regarding future consequences of shifting phenologies.
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| 27. |
- Møller, Eva Friis, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of changes in temperature and food on the development of calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus populations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography. - : Wiley. - 0024-3590. ; 57, s. 211-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the response in development times of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus to changes in temperature and food conditions. Grazing experiments were performed at different temperatures for both species, and the results were implemented in a stage-resolved zooplankton population model that predicted development times from biomass increments controlled by ingestion and metabolic losses. Predictions were validated against development data from the literature, and show that C. finmarchicus develops faster than C. helgolandicus below 11 °C and slower above. The different relative development rates of the species are related to different temperature responses in ingestion rates. A temperature increase of 1 °C to 2 °C may have consequences for the relative contribution of C. helgolandicus and C. finmarchicus to the copepod community, and both seasonal and spatial displacements of the Calanus populations can be expected under climate change.
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| 28. |
- Møller, H, et al.
(författare)
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Completeness of case ascertainment and survival time error in English cancer registries : impact on 1-year survival estimates
- 2011
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 105:1, s. 170-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that cancer registries in England are too dependent on processing of information from death certificates, and consequently that cancer survival statistics reported for England are systematically biased and too low. METHODS: We have linked routine cancer registration records for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer patients with information from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database for the period 2001-2007. Based on record linkage with the HES database, records missing in the cancer register were identified, and dates of diagnosis were revised. The effects of those revisions on the estimated survival time and proportion of patients surviving for 1 year or more were studied. Cases that were absent in the cancer register and present in the HES data with a relevant diagnosis code and a relevant surgery code were used to estimate (a) the completeness of the cancer register. Differences in survival times calculated from the two data sources were used to estimate (b) the possible extent of error in the recorded survival time in the cancer register. Finally, we combined (a) and (b) to estimate (c) the resulting differences in 1-year cumulative survival estimates. RESULTS: Completeness of case ascertainment in English cancer registries is high, around 98-99%. Using HES data added 1.9%, 0.4% and 2.0% to the number of colorectal, lung, and breast cancer registrations, respectively. Around 5-6% of rapidly fatal cancer registrations had survival time extended by more than a month, and almost 3% of rapidly fatal breast cancer records were extended by more than a year. The resulting impact on estimates of 1-year survival was small, amounting to 1.0, 0.8, and 0.4 percentage points for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer, respectively. INTERPRETATION: English cancer registration data cannot be dismissed as unfit for the purpose of cancer survival analysis. However, investigators should retain a critical attitude to data quality and sources of error in international cancer survival studies.
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| 29. |
- Møller, J B, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal Modeling of the Relationship Between Mean Plasma Glucose and HbA1c Following Antidiabetic Treatments
- 2013
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Ingår i: CPT. - : Wiley. - 2163-8306. ; 2, s. e82-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-phase clinical trials within diabetes generally have a duration of 12-24 weeks, where 12 weeks may be too short to reach steady-state glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The main determinant for HbA1c is blood glucose, which reaches steady state much sooner. In spite of this, few publications have used individual data to assess the time course of both glucose and HbA1c, for predicting HbA1c. In this paper, we present an approach for predicting HbA1c at end-of-trial (24-28 weeks) using glucose and HbA1c measurements up to 12 weeks. The approach was evaluated using data from 4 trials covering 12 treatment arms (oral antidiabetic drug, glucagon-like peptide-1, and insulin treatment) with measurements at 24-28 weeks to evaluate predictions vs. observations. HbA1c percentage was predicted for each arm at end-of-trial with a mean prediction error of 0.14% [0.01;0.24]. Furthermore, end points in terms of HbA1c reductions relative to comparator were accurately predicted. The proposed model provides a good basis to optimize late-stage clinical development within diabetes.
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| 30. |
- Møller, J B, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for Predicting Diabetes Phase III Efficacy Outcome From Early Data : Superior Performance Obtained Using Longitudinal Approaches
- 2014
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Ingår i: CPT. - : Wiley. - 2163-8306. ; 3:7, s. e122-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The link between glucose and HbA1c at steady state has previously been described using steady-state or longitudinal relationships. We evaluated five published methods for prediction of HbA1c after 26/28 weeks using data from four clinical trials. Methods (1) and (2): steady-state regression of HbA1c on fasting plasma glucose and mean plasma glucose, respectively, (3) an indirect response model of fasting plasma glucose effects on HbA1c, (4) model of glycosylation of red blood cells, and (5) coupled indirect response model for mean plasma glucose and HbA1c. Absolute mean prediction errors were 0.61, 0.38, 0.55, 0.37, and 0.15% points, respectively, for Methods 1 through 5. This indicates that predictions improved by using mean plasma glucose instead of fasting plasma glucose, by inclusion of longitudinal glucose data and further by inclusion of longitudinal HbA1c data until 12 weeks. For prediction of trial outcome, the longitudinal models based on mean plasma glucose (Methods 4 and 5) had substantially better performance compared with the other methods.
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| 31. |
- Möller, S., et al.
(författare)
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Thermo-chemical fuel removal from porous materials by oxygen and nitrogen dioxide
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T159, s. 014065-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermo-chemical removal (TCR), or baking in reactive gases, is a candidate method to control the co-deposit related tritium inventory in fusion devices. TCR can be understood as reaction-diffusion processes in a porous material. O-2-TCR was applied to 150-550 nm thick a-C:D layers with similar textures. A linear relation between the integral TCR rate and the layer thickness, as predicted by the understanding, was observed in the experiment, i.e. the time to remove the hydrogen inventory is independent of its initial amount. TCR with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at temperatures of 200-350 degrees C was conducted with a set of a-C:D and W-C-H layers. At 350 degrees C NO2 removed similar to 15% porosity a-C:D within 3 min. The O retention in remaining a-C:D was approximate to 10(17) Ocm(-2). An activation energy of approximate to 0.78 eV for reactions of NO2 with D and C was determined. The results were applied for predictions of the TCR effectivity in ITER. The treatment of W-C-H led to O uptake (O/W approximate to 2-3), while W and C contents remained unchanged.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Shi, J., et al.
(författare)
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Hemolytic properties of synthetic nano- and porous silica particles : The effect of surface properties and the protection by the plasma corona
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Biomaterialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1742-7061 .- 1878-7568. ; 8:9, s. 3478-3490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel silica materials incorporating nanotechnology are promising materials for biomedical applications, but their novel properties may also bring unforeseen behavior in biological systems. Micro-size silica is well documented to induce hemolysis, but little is known about the hemolytic activities of nanostructured silica materials. In this study, the hemolytic properties of synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles with primary sizes of 7-14 nm (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic), 5-15 nm, 20 nm and 50 nm, and model meso/macroporous silica particles with pore diameters of 40 nm and 170 nm are investigated. A crystalline silica sample (0.5-10 ÎŒm) is included for benchmarking purposes. Special emphasis is given to investigations of how the temperature and solution complexity (solvent, plasma), as well as the physicochemical properties (such as size, surface charge, hydrophobicity and other surface properties), link to the hemolytic activities of these particles. Results suggests the potential importance of small size and large external surface area, as well as surface charge/structure, in the hemolysis of silica particles. Furthermore, a significant correlation is observed between the hemolytic profile of red blood cells and the cytotoxicity profile of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) induced by nano- and porous silica particles, suggesting a potential universal mechanism of action. Importantly, the results generated suggest that the protective effect of plasma towards silica nanoparticle-induced hemolysis as well as cytotoxicity is primarily due to the protein/lipid layer shielding the silica particle surface. These results will assist the rational design of hemocompatible silica particles for biomedical applications.
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| 34. |
- Thomas, H., et al.
(författare)
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Explosions of Xenon Clusters in Ultraintense Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from the LCLS Free Electron Laser
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 108:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explosions of large Xe clusters (< N > similar to 11 000) irradiated by femtosecond pulses of 850 eV x-ray photons focused to an intensity of up to 1017 W/cm(2) from the Linac Coherent Light Source were investigated experimentally. Measurements of ion charge-state distributions and energy spectra exhibit strong evidence for the formation of a Xe nanoplasma in the intense x-ray pulse. This x-ray produced Xe nanoplasma is accompanied by a three-body recombination and hydrodynamic expansion. These experimental results appear to be consistent with a model in which a spherically exploding nanoplasma is formed inside the Xe cluster and where the plasma temperature is determined by photoionization heating.
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| 35. |
- van Raalte, Daniël H, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of alogliptin and pioglitazone combination therapy on various aspects of beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.
- 2014
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies. - 1479-683X. ; 170:4, s. 565-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management requires continuous treatment intensification due to progressive beta-cell function decline in insulin resistant individuals. Initial combination therapy of a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) may be rational. We assessed the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) combined with the TZD pioglitazone (PIO), versus ALO monotherapy or placebo (PBO), on beta-cell function and glycemic control in T2DM.
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| 36. |
- Wauters, T., et al.
(författare)
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Self-consistent application of ion cyclotron wall conditioning for co-deposited layer removal and recovery of tokamak operation on TEXTOR
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 53:12, s. 123001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a demonstration experiment of ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) on TEXTOR covering all ITER wall conditioning aims and discusses the implications for ITER. O-2/He-ICWC applied to erode carbon co-deposits removed 6.6x10(21) C-atoms (39 pulses, 158 s cumulated discharge time). Large oxygen retention (71% of injected oxygen) prevented subsequent ohmic discharge initiation. Plasma operation was recovered by a 1h47 multi-pulse D-2-ICWC procedure including pumping time between pulses with duty cycle of 2 s/20 s, cleaning the vessel from oxygen impurities, followed by a 23 min He-ICWC procedure (2 s/20 s), applied to desaturate the deuterium-loaded walls. A stable ohmic discharge was established on the first attempt right after the recovery procedure. The discharges showed improved density control and only slightly increased oxygen characteristic radiation levels (1-1.5 times). After the recovery procedure 36% of the injected O-atoms remained retained in the vessel, derived from mass spectrometry measurements. This amount is in the estimated range for storage in remote areas obtained from surface analysis of locally exposed samples. The removed amount of oxygen by D-2 and He-ICWC obtained from mass spectrometry corresponds to the retention in plasma-wetted areas estimated by surface analysis. It is concluded that most of the removed oxygen stems from plasma-wetted areas while shadowed areas, e. g. behind poloidal limiters, may feature net retention of the discharge gas. On ITER, designed with a shaped first wall, the ICWC plasma-wetted area will approach the total surface area, reducing consequently the retention in remote areas. A tentative extrapolation of the carbon removal on TEXTOR to tritium removal from co-deposits on ITER in the 39 x 4 s O-2/He-ICWC discharges, including pumping time between the RF pulses, corresponds on ITER to a tritium removal in the order of the estimated retention per 400 s DT-burn (140-500 mgT (Shimada and Pitts 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 415 S1013-6)).
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| 37. |
- Willerslev, E, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty thousand years of arctic vegetation change and megafauna diet
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 506:7486, s. 47-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although it is generally agreed that the Arctic flora is among the youngest and least diverse on Earth, the processes that shaped it are poorly understood. Here we present 50 thousand years (kyr) of Arctic vegetation history, derived from the first large-scale ancient DNA metabarcoding study of circumpolar plant diversity. For this interval we also explore nematode diversity as a proxy for modelling vegetation cover and soil quality, and diets of herbivorous megafaunal mammals, many of which became extinct around 10 kyr bp (before present). For much of the period investigated, Arctic vegetation consisted of dry steppe-tundra dominated by forbs (non-graminoid herbaceous vascular plants). During the Last Glacial Maximum (25–15 kyr bp), diversity declined markedly, although forbs remained dominant. Much changed after 10 kyr bp, with the appearance of moist tundra dominated by woody plants and graminoids. Our analyses indicate that both graminoids and forbs would have featured in megafaunal diets. As such, our findings question the predominance of a Late Quaternary graminoid-dominated Arctic mammoth steppe.
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