| 1. |
- Choularton, T. W., et al.
(författare)
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The Great Dun Fell Cloud Experiment 1993 : An overview
- 1997
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - 1352-2310. ; 31:16, s. 2393-2405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1993 Ground-based Cloud Experiment on Great Dun Fell used a wide range of measurements of trace gases, aerosol particles and cloud droplets at five sites to study their sources and sinks especially those in cloud. These measurements have been interpreted using a variety of models. The conclusions add to our knowledge of air pollution, acidification of the atmosphere and the ground, eutrophication and climate change. The experiment is designed to use the hill cap cloud as a flow-through reactor, and was conducted in varying levels of pollution typical of much of the rural temperate continental northern hemisphere in spring-time.
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| 4. |
- Möller, P. H., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between interstitial laser thermotherapy and excision of an adenocarcinoma transplanted into rat liver
- 1998
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 77:11, s. 1884-1892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare interstitial laser thermotherapy with excision of a liver tumour. A dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma was transplanted (implanted if not stated otherwise) into the left lateral lobe of the rat liver, and treatment was performed 8 days later. In the main experiment, rats were treated with resection of the tumour-bearing robe or underwent interstitial laser thermotherapy, which was performed at a steady-state temperature of 46°C for 30 min, 3 mm from the tumour margin. The incidence and extent of intraperitoneal spread was smaller after laser thermotherapy than after resection of the tumour-bearing lobe, with no difference in local control. Metastatic spread after resection of the median liver robe was similar to that observed after sham procedures for thermotherapy or resection, suggesting that the advantage of thermotherapy was not due to a difference in surgical trauma. Additional studies showed that laser thermotherapy reduced intraperitoneal spread when treatment was suboptimal or in a tumour inoculation model and suggested that immunological mechanisms might be involved. It is concluded that interstitial laser thermotherapy reduces spread of liver tumour compared with resection.
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| 11. |
- Drake, M., et al.
(författare)
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The immunosuppressant FK506 ameliorates ischaemic damage in the rat brain
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 158:2, s. 155-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the immunosuppressant FK506 on ischaemic neuronal damage was studied in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries in combination with hypotension for 10 min. Neuronal damage was assessed morphologically after 4 days of recovery. Treatment with FK506, given at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 by intraperitoneal injections 30 min prior to ischemia and once daily during recovery, decreased neuronal damage by 52% in the hippocampal CA1 region and by 48% in the temporal cortex. The protection was not due to diminished body temperature or a marked reduction of ischaemia-induced synaptic overflow of glutamate. We propose that FK506 decreases neuronal damage either by inhibiting calcineurin-mediated events or by preserving mitochondrial function.
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| 12. |
- Fredlund, K.M, et al.
(författare)
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NADH-ferricyanide reductases in plant membranes
- 1996
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Ingår i: Plant Membrane Biology- Proceedings of the Phytochemical Society of Europe -38. ; , s. 143-151
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- Hammar, M. L., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the postural balance among postmenopausal women
- 1996
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology. - 0029-7844 .- 1873-233X. ; 88:6, s. 955-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To establish whether hormone replacement therapy affects postural balance in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms were included. Median age was 54 years, median time since menopause was 3 years. They underwent dynamic posturography before and after 4 and 12 weeks of transdermal estrogen treatment (17 beta-estradiol 50 micrograms/day) as well as after 2 additional weeks of combined estrogen-progestagen treatment. The dynamic posturography method quantifies the amplitude, frequency, and pattern of body sway and tests the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems, which together maintain balance. The two most difficult tests either cancel visual and distort somatosensory inputs or give distorted information from both the visual and somatosensory systems. RESULTS: Hormone replacement therapy increased static balance performance assessed by dynamic posturography. A highly significant improvement was seen in the two most difficult tests between the pretreatment test and the test performed after 4 weeks of estrogen therapy (P < .01, P < .001, respectively). This improvement was sustained after 12 weeks and also during the 14th week, with the women on combined estrogen-progestagen treatment. CONCLUSION: Estrogen treatment increased balance performance measured by dynamic posturography, indicating that the beneficial effects from estrogens on postmenopausal fracture risk may include central nervous system effects on balance. Two weeks' addition of gestagen to the treatment regimen did not counteract the estrogen effects.
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| 23. |
- Möller, K.O, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Laser Doppler Flowmetry
- 1999
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Ingår i: Technology and Health Care. - : I O S Press. - 0928-7329 .- 1878-7401. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
- Möller, P. H., et al.
(författare)
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Temperature control and light penetration in a feedback interstitial laser thermotherapy system
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hyperthermia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0265-6736 .- 1464-5157. ; 12:1, s. 49-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe the performance of a closed loop interstitial laser thermotherapy system in processed liver and to demonstrate its suitability for treating a vascularized tumour in vivo. The thermotherapy system consisted of an Nd:YAG laser and a temperature feedback circuit including an automatic thermometry system and thermistor probes. Experiments in processed liver were performed with a sapphire probe and temperature control at a distance of 10 mm. In most experiments at 1-2 W, and in half of the experiments at 3 W, there was no carbonization, a moderate change in the light penetration and excellent control of the temperature. In experiments with output powers of 4-5 W there was carbonization with rapid deterioration of light penetration and impaired control of the temperature. Carbonization affected the distribution of temperatures, which were lower below, and higher above, the laser tip in experiments with carbonization as compared to experiments without carbonization. Treatment of an adenocarcinoma implanted into rat liver was performed at 2 W with a bare fibre and without blood inflow occlusion. The feedback thermistor probe was placed 3 mm outside the margin of the tumour (largest diameter 9.5 ± 0.3 mm (mean ± SEM)). Temperature control and light penetration characteristics were similar to those found in vitro. No tumour could be demonstrated at sacrifice 6 days later. It is concluded that a closed loop feedback system can produce stable and reproducible local hyperthermia, that it performs better when carbonization is avoided and light penetration is preserved and that it has a great potential for interstitial thermotherapy of malignant tumours.
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| 28. |
- Niklasson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Are deficits in the equilibrium system relevant to the clinical investigation of solvent-induced neurotoxicity?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 23:3, s. 206-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy is commonly based on case histories of exposure to solvents, symptoms, and deficits on psychometric tests. It has previously been demonstrated that long-term solvent-exposed workers have disturbances of the equilibrium system. The correlation between these disturbances and the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy has been analyzed in the present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty men, consecutively admitted due to the suspicion of this syndrome, were investigated and classified into 3 groups--solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy, incipient chronic toxic encephalopathy and nonchronic toxic encephalopathy. They were all examined using an otoneurological test battery, including analysis of saccades, smooth pursuit, visual suppression of the vestibular ocular reflex, and dynamic posturography. RESULTS: Compared with healthy referents several of the subjects, even in the nonchronic toxic encephalopathy group, showed a reduced visual suppression ability, a prolonged latency of saccades, and pathological posturographic results. Some otoneurological tests correlated with the duration of exposure and the results of psychometric tests representing memory and perceptual skills. Nevertheless, there was no significant group correlation between the otoneurological findings and the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Disturbances revealed by an otoneurological investigation have so far not been considered in the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy. Our results indicate that an otoneurological test battery adds worthwhile information about lesions within the brainstem-cerebellar complex not revealed by a psychometric investigation.
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| 31. |
- Thoumas, K.-Å., et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging in solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 177-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To use MR to examine patients with CNS symptoms indicating chronic intoxication. Material and Methods: Thirty-two subjects exposed to industrial solvents for 5 to 28 years and 40 age-matched, healthy controls were examined. Results: All patients showed decreased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images. In 11 of the patients the white matter showed diffuse hyperintensity with loss of the grey-white matter discrimination and with distinct periventricular hyperintensities in 5 of the patients. The controls had no pathological changes in the brain. Conclusion: Although the relatively small number of patients may obscure the significance, findings observed on T2-weighted images were patchy periventricular hyperintensities and hypointensities in the basal ganglia. Fast spin-echo is a good technique with fast acquisition of images with true spin-echo contrast features.
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| 32. |
- Tranberg, K. G., et al.
(författare)
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Interstitial laser treatment of malignant tumours : Initial experience
- 1996
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - 0748-7983. ; 22:1, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a prospective pilot investigation of interstitial laser treatment. Twelve patients were treated at 13 sites: seven patients had metastatic or primary liver cancer (with a total of 21 tumour nodules), two had pancreatic carcinoma and four patients had disease at other sites. Treatments mere performed with an Nd-YAG laser, using a high power (6 or 10 W), short-time (5 min) technique or a feedback system for temperature regulation at low power (3 W) for 12-16 min. Treatment with high power invariably resulted in rapid carbonization of tissue, which may have contributed to the postoperative death in one patient. The local effect of treatment could be evaluated in 13 hepatic tumours (1.0-10 cm in diameter): 100% necrosis was seen in five and > 50% necrosis in the remaining eight. Two tumours were eradicated, five became smaller, and six remained unchanged in size or showed continued growth. Treatment removed or alleviated symptoms in 7/8 symptomatic patients. The feedback system made it possible to avoid carbonization and allowed better control of the tissue temperature. The main problem with either method was to monitor tissue changes in real time, and ultrasonography was found to be of little help in this respect. It is concluded that interstitial laser treatment is a promising method for treatment of tumours. Further development should focus on real-time monitoring and increased volume effect without carbonization.
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