| 1. |
- Abe, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 365:9472, s. 1687-1717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5-year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxombicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modem aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50-69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0 . 0001 for recurrence, 2p<0 . 00001 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than CMF chemotherapy. Few women of age 70 years or older entered these chemotherapy trials. For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age (<50, 50-69, &GE; 70 years), progesterone receptor status, or other tumour characteristics. 5 years is significantly (2p<0 . 00001 for recurrence, 2p=0 . 01 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than just 1-2 years of tamoxifen. For ER-positive tumours, the annual breast cancer mortality rates are similar during years 0-4 and 5-14, as are the proportional reductions in them by 5 years of tamoxifen, so the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis. These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1-2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1-2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age <50 years) and 20% (age 50-69 years) from such chemotherapy were followed by a further reduction of 31% from tamoxifen in the risks that remain, the final mortality reductions would be 57% and 45%, respectively (and, the trial results could well have been somewhat stronger if there had been full compliance with the allocated treatments). Overall survival would be comparably improved, since these treatments have relatively small effects on mortality from the aggregate of all other causes. Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.
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| 2. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Texture-modified meat and carrot products for elderly people with dysphagia : preference in relation to health and oral status
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Food and Nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2976 .- 1748-2984. ; 51:4, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Reduced taste and smell, chewing problems and swallowing dysfunction are common among elderly people and affect perception, food choice and the ability to eat. Objective: To study the preference for texture-modified carrot and meat products in elderly people aiming to meet the needs of people with impaired chewing and/or swallowing. Design: Data were collected using questionnaires focusing on health, oral status and preference for the products. Altogether, 108 elderly people in ordinary housing (OH) and 50 living in special housing (SH) in Malmö (SH-M) and Göteborg (SH-G) participated. Results: 19% had a body mass index 522, predominantly in SH (24%). Stroke was reported by 20% of the subjects in SH. Among those with subjectively experienced difficulties in swallowing (12%), 58% reported coughing, 21% a gurgly voice in association with food intake and 50% obstruction during swallowing. Only 20% with subjective swallowing difficulties had been specifically examined regarding this problem. All the tested products were easy to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, people in SH-M found the meatproducts easier to masticate and swallow. Compared with OH, subjects in SH found the carrot products easier to masticate. Conclusions: There is a need to develop tasty texture-modified nutritious food products for people with mastication and/or swallowing problems. Possible factors for differences in preference between groups, in this study OH and SH, may be related to health status in general and specifically mastication and swallowing functions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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Evolution in the properties of Lyman-α emitters from redshifts z ~ 3 to z ~ 2
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 498:1, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Narrow-band surveys to detect Lyα emitters are powerful tools for identifying high, and very high, redshift galaxies. Although samples are increasing at redshifts z = 3 {-} 6, the nature of these galaxies is still poorly known. The number of galaxies detected at redshifts below z ˜ 3 are also small. Aims: We study the properties of z = 2.25 Lyα emitters and compare them with those of z > 3 Lyα emitters. Methods: We present narrow-band imaging made with the MPG/ESO 2.2m telescope and the WFI (Wide Field Imager) detector. Using this data, we have searched for emission-line objects. We find 170 candidate typical Lyα emitters and 17 candidates that we regard as high UV-transmission Lyα emitters. We have derived the magnitudes of these objects in 8 photometric bands from u* to K_s, and studied whether they have X-ray and/or radio counterparts. Results: We demonstrate that there has been significant evolution in the properties of Lyα emitters between redshift z ˜ 3 and z = 2.25. The spread in spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at the lower redshift is larger and we detect a significant AGN contribution in the sample. The distribution of the equivalent widths is narrower than at z ˜ 3, with only a few candidates with rest-frame equivalent width above the predicted limit of 240 Å. The star formation rates derived from the Lyα emission compared to those derived from the UV emission are lower by on average a factor of ˜ 1.8, indicative of a significant absorption by dust. Conclusions: Lyα emitters at redshift z = 2.25 may be more evolved than Lyα emitters at higher redshift. The red SEDs imply more massive, older and/or dustier galaxies at lower redshift than observed at higher redshifts. The decrease in equivalent widths and star formation rates indicate more quiescent galaxies, with in general less star formation than in higher redshift galaxies. At z = 2.25, AGN appear to be more abundant and also to contribute more to the Lyα emitting population. Full Table 2 is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Midander, K., et al.
(författare)
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Surface characteristics, copper release and toxicity of nano- and micron sized copper and copper(II)oxide particles : A cross-disciplinary study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 5:3, s. 389-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An interdisciplinary and multianalytical research effort is undertaken to assess the toxic aspects of thoroughly characterized nano- and micrometer-sized particles of oxidized metallic copper and copper(II) oxide in contact with cultivated lung cells, as well as copper release in relevant media. All particles, except micrometer-sized Cu, release more copper in serum-containing cell medium (supplemented Dulbecco's minimal essential medium) compared to identical exposures in phosphate-buffered saline. Sonication of particles for dispersion prior to exposure has a large effect on the initial copper release from Cu nanoparticles. A clear size-dependent effect is observed from both a copper release and a toxicity perspective. In agreement with greater released amounts of copper per quantity of particles from the nanometer-sized particles compared to the micrometer-sized particles, the nanometer particles cause a higher degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks) and cause a significantly higher percentage of cell death compared to cytotoxicity induced by micrometer-sized particles. Cytotoxic effects related to the released copper fraction are found to be significantly lower than the effects related to particles. No DNA damage is induced by the released copper fraction.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Blomstrand, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on brain exchange of amino acids during sustained exercise in human subjects.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 185:3, s. 203-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study investigated the effect of prolonged exercise with and without carbohydrate intake on the brain exchange of amino acids, especially focussing on tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). METHODS: Five male subjects exercised for 3 h on a cycle ergometer at 200 +/- 7 W on two occasions; either supplemented with a 6% carbohydrate solution or with flavoured water (placebo). Catheters were inserted into the right internal jugular vein and the radial artery of the non-dominant arm. The brain exchange of amino acids during exercise was calculated from the arterial-jugular venous concentration difference multiplied by plasma flow. RESULTS: About 106 micromol (22 mg) of tryptophan was taken up by the brain during exercise in the placebo trial, whereas no significant uptake was observed in the carbohydrate trial. In accordance, the arterial concentration of free tryptophan increased from 12 +/- 1 to 20 +/- 2 micromol L(-1) during the placebo trial and was significantly higher compared with the glucose trial (14 +/- 1 micromol L(-1) at the end of exercise). Also, the arterial concentration of total tryptophan (free and albumin-bound) increased during the first 30 min of exercise in both trials, but returned to the basal level at 180 min of exercise. In both trials, BCAA were taken up by the brain while glutamine was released. CONCLUSION: The present data show that both tryptophan and BCAA are taken up by the brain during prolonged exercise, and we suggest that the cerebral uptake of tryptophan may relate to increased synthesis of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Claudio, P., et al.
(författare)
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Geochemical modelling application for a 1-d arsenic reactive transport study in alluvial aquifers, Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. - 2035-8008. ; 6, s. 364-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanistic modelling was used to investigate the hydrochemical evolution along a vertical column, should cross-contamination occur. 1-D reactive transport was carried out to assess sorption effects on aqueous/solid arsenic distribution in Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh. Thermodynamic relationships between aqueous ions and aquifer materials have been investigated: comparison between redox couples shows electrochemical disequilibrium; sorption mainly occurs on weak and strong Hydrous Ferric-Oxides, described by the Surface Complexation Mode. The basis for reactive transport calculations is given by a static model, that evaluates the competing ions net effect: they reduce by ca. 50% arsenic bounding. Desorption process alone can give unacceptable As (aq) concentrations, starting from only a few mg/kg As (sorb). Redox zonation was the starting point for the model conception, which allowed calculating the contamination evolution in an oxidising As-low aquifer. Groundwater analysis is worked out for a 20 cells column of aquifer material, whose top represents the upper reducing aquifer, the bottom the oxidising aquifer; contamination takes place through an As-rich solution percolating into the column. Results are a function of the flow velocity, that needs to be carefully defined before further modelling.
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| 14. |
- Fredriksson Möller, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Azep gas turbine combined cycle power plants thermo-economic analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Ecos 2005, Vols 1-3 - Shaping our future energy systems. ; , s. 819-826
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conventional power plants based on fossil fuel without CO2 capture produce flue gas streams with concentrations Of CO2 between 3% and 15%, contributing to the threat of increasing global warming. Existing capture technologies such as post-combustion flue gas treatment using chemical absorption or pre-combustion carbon removal suffer from significant efficiency penalties as well as major increase in investment costs. Alternatively, combustion in O-2/CO2 atmospheres also requires expensive and energy-consuming oxygen supplies. A less energy intensive concept for oxygen production is a Mixed Conducting Membrane (MCM) reactor which produces pure oxygen from compressed air. The MCM reactor is best integrated into a conventional gas turbine combined cycle, called Advanced Zero Emissions Plant (AZEP), to provide an efficient and cost-effective power plant altogether. In this paper the economic performance of four different combined cycle alternatives in two different gas turbine sizes are evaluated; a 50 MWe size based on the Siemens SGT800 gas turbine and a 400 MWe size based on the Siemens SGT5-4000F gas turbine. ne evaluated combined cycles are one conventional combined cycle, one combined cycle with post-combustion CO2 capture and two optimised AZEP cases from a previous thermodynamic study. One AZEP alternative provides 100% CO2 capture and is thus a true zero emissions alternative, whereas the second alternative uses a sequential combustion system which enables 85% of the CO2 to be captured, making a comparison with traditional post-combustion treatment easier. The results show that the AZEP concept presents a more competitive system in terms of efficiency and economy compared to traditional capture systems.
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| 15. |
- Gilbert, M. Thomas P., et al.
(författare)
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Paleo-Eskimo mtDNA genome reveals matrilineal discontinuity in Greenland
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 320:5884, s. 1787-1789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Paleo- Eskimo Saqqaq and Independence I cultures, documented from archaeological remains in Northern Canada and Greenland, represent the earliest human expansion into the New World's northern extremes. However, their origin and genetic relationship to later cultures are unknown. We sequenced a mitochondrial genome from a Paleo- Eskimo human by using 3400- to 4500- year- old frozen hair excavated from an early Greenlandic Saqqaq settlement. The sample is distinct from modern Native Americans and Neo- Eskimos, falling within haplogroup D2a1, a group previously observed among modern Aleuts and Siberian Sireniki Yuit. This result suggests that the earliest migrants into the New World's northern extremes derived from populations in the Bering Sea area and were not directly related to Native Americans or the later Neo- Eskimos that replaced them.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Grahn, T., et al.
(författare)
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Collectivity and configuration mixing in Pb186,188 and Po194
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetimes of prolate intruder states in Pb186 and oblate intruder states in Po194 have been determined by employing, for the first time, the recoil-decay tagging technique in recoil distance Doppler-shift lifetime measurements. In addition, lifetime measurements of prolate states in Pb188 up to the 8+ state were carried out using the recoil-gating method. The B(E2) values have been deduced from which deformation parameters |β2|=0.29(5) and |β2|=0.17(3) for the prolate and the oblate bands, respectively, have been extracted. The results also shed new light on the mixing between different shapes.
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| 18. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Trivsel och tillgänglighet i äldres boende.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Trivsel i plejeboligen - en antologi om trivselsfaktorer i plejeboliger. - 9788776743123 ; , s. 131-144
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 19. |
- Kasai, Y., et al.
(författare)
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JEM/SMILES observation capability
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819477798 ; 7474
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new generation of sub-millimeter-wave receivers employing sensitive SIS (Superconductor-Insulator- Superconductor) detector technology will provide new opportunities for precise passive remote sensing observation of minor constituents in atmosphere. Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) was designed to be onbord the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) on the International Space Station (ISS) as a collaboration project of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). SMILES scheduled to be launch in September 11, 2009 by the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV). Mission Objectives are: i) Space demonstration of superconductive mixer and 4-K mechanical cooler for the submillimeter limb emission sounding, and ii) global observations of atmospheric minor constituents. JEM/SMILES will allow to observe the atmospheric species such as O3, H35Cl, H37 Cl, ClO, BrO, HOCl, HO2, and HNO3, CH3CN, and Ozone isotope species with the precisions in a few to several tens percents from upper troposphere to the mesosphere. We have estimated the observation capabilities of JEM/SMILES. This new technology may allow us to open new issues in atmospheric science.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Laflamme, L, et al.
(författare)
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Peer victimization and intentional injuries : quantitative and qualitative accounts of injurious physical interactions between students
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. - 0334-0139 .- 2191-0278. ; 20:2, s. 201-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that peer victimization engenders physical injuries both indirectly (i.e. as a trigger of injurious events) and directly (i.e. through intentional physical harm). How those injuries occur has not been much researched. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the various circumstances in which injuries are sustained by young teenagers when physically interacting with other students, and to characterize more specifically the context surrounding those injuries sustained resulting from violent actions. METHOD: Data were extracted from information already available from structured interviews conducted during two consecutive school years with children aged 10-15 years who had been hospitalized due to injury and who were residing in Stockholm County (Sweden) (n = 634). The current study considers those injuries resulting from physical interactions between students and pays attention to the gender and age distribution of the victims. The free text descriptions of the "interaction" injuries resulting from violent actions were re-read and examined by means of content analysis. RESULTS: Of the injuries reported, 23.5% resulted from physical interactions between students. The most frequent context of their occurrence was sports and play. Other injuries resulted either from assaults where the victim was in a clear imbalance of power (n = 24) or from violent incidents in which the victim was not powerless (n = 27). The two latter situations were much more common among boys. CONCLUSION: Peer victimization has an impact on children's safety both within and outside the school arena. Students are injured by their peers not only from deliberate violence targeting them but also from violent physical interactions in which they play an active role. These injurious events have a clear gender and age component.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Malm, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Full-field electroretinography and marked variability in clinical phenotype of Alström syndrome
- 2008
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Ingår i: Archives of ophthalmology (1960). - Chicago : American medical association. - 0003-9950. ; 126:1, s. 51-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To characterize the clinical phenotype and to study the course of disease in patients with Alström syndrome, with an emphasis on retinal function assessed with full-field electroretinography (ERG). METHODS: Three age- and sex-matched patients with Alström syndrome were selected from our retinitis pigmentosa register for repeated ophthalmologic examinations that included tests for color vision and visual fields using Goldmann perimetry and for repeated assessment of full-field ERGs. RESULTS: Electroretinography demonstrated cone-rod degeneration in all 3 patients. A concomitant impairment of color vision and visual fields was also observed as well as marked variation in retinal function and in disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Full-field ERGs confirmed that Alström syndrome is associated with a cone-rod type of retinal degeneration. In this study, we have shown a striking variability in retinal function and disease onset and severity, which has, to our knowledge, not been described previously in Alström syndrome.
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| 25. |
- Möller, Claes, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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National survey of potential heart beating solid organ donors in Sweden.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transplantation proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345. ; 41:2, s. 729-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has about 135 heart beating solid organ donors per year among 9.2 million inhabitants. Earlier estimations have suggested that 250-300 of potential heart beating donors might be available in the country annually. The present study is the first nationwide survey to establish the number of potential heart-beating donors, based on all patient deaths in Swedish intensive care units (ICUs). In the present study, a potential heart-beating solid organ donor was strictly defined as "a patient in an ICU on mechanical ventilation with the diagnosis of brain death." All 85 eligible ICUs reported all patient deaths over a 3 month period of October through December 2007. The instrument consisted of 10 questions. The majority of data were entered electronically by the ICU staff into the "Swedish Intensive Care Registry." The total number of reported patient deaths was 875 with 7.4% of patients who died meeting the criteria for a potential heart-beating solid organ donor. Actually 51% of them became donors. Reasons for not becoming a donor were refusals in 31%, medical reasons in 14%, impossibility to obtain consent in 1.5%, and no suitable recipient in 3%. Furthermore, 1.5% of patients did not become donors because of preferential forensic examinations. The main conclusion of the study was that the actual number of potential heart-beating solid organ donors in Sweden seems to be less than earlier estimates. Another interesting observation is the existence of a group of artificially ventilated, brain injury patients in whom the death was diagnosed by cardiac arrest. We think that this group of patient deaths deserves further investigation in future projects.
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| 26. |
- Möller, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Equation-free, effective computation for discrete systems : a time stepper based approach
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering. - 0218-1274. ; 15:3, s. 975-996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a computer-assisted approach to studying the effective continuum behavior of spatially discrete evolution equations. The advantage of the approach is that the "coarse model" (the continuum, effective equation) need not be explicitly constructed. The method only uses a time-integration code for the discrete problem and judicious choices of initial data and integration times; our bifurcation computations are based on the so-called Recursive Projection Method (RPM) with arc-length continuation [Shroff & Keller, 1993]. The technique is used to monitor features of the genuinely discrete problem such as the pinning of coherent structures and its results are compared to quasi-continuum approaches such as the ones based on Pade approximations.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Möller, K, et al.
(författare)
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Romantic attachment, parenthood and marital satisfaction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. ; 24:3, s. 233-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study examined associations between attachment styles and couple relationships after transition to parenthood. The sample comprised 251 individuals, 128 mothers and 123 fathers, recruited through child health care centers in the south of Sweden. Attachment was measured using the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ, Bartolomew & Horowitz, 1991) and couple relationships with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, Spanier, 1976). The results showed that when first and second time mothers reported high scores on fearful, and second time mothers and fathers on dismissing attachment they were less happy in their couple relationships. Attachment styles significantly predicted dissatisfaction in couple relationships for the second but not for the first time parents.
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| 29. |
- Nordeman, Lena Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Early access to physical therapy treatment for subacute low back pain in primary health care: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Clinical journal of pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0749-8047. ; 22:6, s. 505-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of early access (EA) to physical therapy treatment for patients with subacute low back pain compared to access with a 4-week waiting list. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Primary health care. PATIENTS: Sixty consecutive patients with subacute low back pain. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized either to EA within 2 days for physical examination and individualized physical therapy treatment (n=32) or a control group with a 4-week waiting list (n=28). OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-administrated questionnaires were used for assessment at inclusion, at discharge, and at 6 months. Primary outcome measure was pain intensity assessed by Borg category scale for ratings of perceived pain. Secondary outcomes included the Orebro musculoskeletal pain screening questionnaire, the Roland and Morris disability questionnaire, sick-leave, visits to health care, and physical therapy. RESULTS: The results showed no significant differences in pain between the groups at discharge. At 6 months, the reduction of pain was significantly greater in the EA group compared to the control group (P=0.025). Changes in secondary outcome measures were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that EA to physical therapy resulted in greater improvement in perceived pain at 6 months compared to later access. In this study, EA to physical therapy could be introduced by reorganization without additional resources.
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| 30. |
- Rembeck, Gun, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes and feelings towards menstruation and womanhood in girls at menarche.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253. ; 95:6, s. 707-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To elucidate early adolescent girls' attitudes, thoughts and feelings towards menstruation and their bodies. METHODS: 309 12-y-old girls answered questionnaires. One part of the questionnaire dealt with thoughts and feelings towards menstruation. The other part dealt with thoughts and feelings towards menstruation and sex and ability to communicate on aspects of womanhood. RESULTS: Postmenarcheal girls were less positive towards menstruation than premenarcheal girls (p = 1 x 10(-6)). Many girls (43%) did not reaffirm the statement "I like my body" and almost one quarter stated being teased for their appearance. Many of the girls claimed that they had been called "cunt" (38%) or "whore" (46%). If called "cunt" or "whore", 17% stated that they felt alone, 76% felt anger and 50% were offended. Mothers were those with whom girls could most easily "chat" about their period. Sixty-seven per cent received information about menstruation from school nurses. CONCLUSION: Wanting to be an adult and liking that their body develops seem to be associated with a more positive feeling towards menstruation. Furthermore, mothers' timing and ability to communicate attitudes towards menstruation and the body are as important as those in a girl's immediate environment.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Zackrisson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Strong Lensing by Subhalos in the Dwarf Galaxy Mass Range. I. Image Separations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 684:2, s. 804-810
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cold dark matter scenario predicts that a large number of dark subhalos should be located within the halo of each Milky Way-sized galaxy. One telltale signature of such dark subhalos could be additional milliarcsecond-scale image splitting of quasars previously known to be multiply imaged on arcsecond scales. Here we estimate the image separations for the subhalo density profiles favored by recent N-body simulations and compare these to the angular resolution of both existing and upcoming observational facilities. We find that the image separations produced are very sensitive to the exact subhalo density profile assumed, but in all cases they are considerably smaller than previous estimates based on the premise that subhalos can be approximated by singular isothermal spheres. Only the most optimistic subhalo models produce image separations that would be detectable with current technology, and many models produce image separations that will remain unresolved with all telescopes expected to become available in the foreseeable future. Detections of dark subhalos through image-splitting effects will therefore be far more challenging than currently believed, albeit not necessarily impossible.
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