| 1. |
- Thompson, B.A., et al.
(författare)
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Application of a 5-tiered scheme for standardized classification of 2,360 unique mismatch repair gene variants in the InSiGHT locus-specific database
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 46:2, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical classification of hereditary sequence variants identified in disease-related genes directly affects clinical management of patients and their relatives. The International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT) undertook a collaborative effort to develop, test and apply a standardized classification scheme to constitutional variants in the Lynch syndrome-associated genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Unpublished data submission was encouraged to assist in variant classification and was recognized through microattribution. The scheme was refined by multidisciplinary expert committee review of the clinical and functional data available for variants, applied to 2,360 sequence alterations, and disseminated online. Assessment using validated criteria altered classifications for 66% of 12,006 database entries. Clinical recommendations based on transparent evaluation are now possible for 1,370 variants that were not obviously protein truncating from nomenclature. This large-scale endeavor will facilitate the consistent management of families suspected to have Lynch syndrome and demonstrates the value of multidisciplinary collaboration in the curation and classification of variants in public locus-specific databases. © 2014 Nature America, Inc.
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| 2. |
- Baron, P., et al.
(författare)
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The level 2 research product algorithms for the superconducting submillimeter-wave limb-emission sounder (SMILES)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-8610. ; 4:3, s. 3593-3645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processingchain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-EmissionSounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operationalchain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2rchain products are available to the scientific community. The objective ofversion 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in thealtitude range of 18-90 km. An theoretical error analysis is conducted toestimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing:line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and O3 profiles. The line-of-sight tangent altitudes are retrievedbetween 20 and 50 km from the strong ozone (O3) line at 625.371 GHz,with low correlation with the O3 volume-mixing ratio and temperatureretrieved profiles. Neglecting the non-linearity of the radiometric gain inthe calibration procedure is the main systematic error. It is large for theretrieved temperature (between 5-10 K). Therefore, atmospheric pressure cannot be derived from the retrieved temperature, and, then, in the altituderange where the line-of-sight tangent altitudes are retrieved, the retrievedtrace gases profiles are found to be better represented on pressure levelsthan on altitude levels. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profiledemonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained byusing narrow spectral windows. Future versions of the L2r algorithms willimprove the temperature/pressure retrievals and also provide information inthe upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric region (e.g., water vapor, icecontent, O3) and on stratospheric and mesospheric line-of-sight winds.
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| 3. |
- Baron, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Level 2 research product algorithms for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1867-1381 .- 1867-8548. ; 4, s. 2105-2124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the algorithms of the level-2 research (L2r) processing chain developed for the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). The chain has been developed in parallel to the operational chain for conducting researches on calibration and retrieval algorithms. L2r chain products are available to the scientific community. The objective of version 2 is the retrieval of the vertical distribution of trace gases in the altitude range of 18–90 km. A theoretical error analysis is conducted to estimate the retrieval feasibility of key parameters of the processing: line-of-sight elevation tangent altitudes (or angles), temperature and ozone profiles. While pointing information is often retrieved from molecular oxygen lines, there is no oxygen line in the SMILES spectra, so the strong ozone line at 625.371 GHz has been chosen. The pointing parameters and the ozone profiles are retrieved from the line wings which are measured with high signal to noise ratio, whereas the temperature profile is retrieved from the optically thick line center. The main systematic component of the retrieval error was found to be the neglect of the non-linearity of the radiometric gain in the calibration procedure. This causes a temperature retrieval error of 5–10 K. Because of these large temperature errors, it is not possible to construct a reliable hydrostatic pressure profile. However, as a consequence of the retrieval of pointing parameters, pressure induced errors are significantly reduced if the retrieved trace gas profiles are represented on pressure levels instead of geometric altitude levels. Further, various setups of trace gas retrievals have been tested. The error analysis for the retrieved HOCl profile demonstrates that best results for inverting weak lines can be obtained by using narrow spectral windows.
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| 4. |
- Midgley, S, et al.
(författare)
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Human group A rotavirus infections in children in Denmark; detection of reassortant G9 strains and zoonotic P[14] strains.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Infection, Genetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1567-7257 .- 1567-1348. ; 27, s. 114-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the leading causes of severe childhood gastroenteritis are group A rotaviruses, and they have been found to be associated with ∼40% of the annual gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations in young Danish children <5years of age (Fischer et al., 2011). In this study, we investigated the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating among young children <5years of age, presenting with gastroenteritis disease either at the general practitioner or in the hospital, during the period 2009-2013. A total of 831 rotavirus positive stool samples were genotyped in the study period, and the majority of samples (74%) were from hospitalized children. G and P genotypes were successfully determined for 826 of samples, with G1P[8] being the most commonly detected genotype. Detection of G1 showed a decreasing trend over time, and an inverse trend was seen for the emerging G9P. The common human genotypes (G1/G3/G4/G9P[8] and G2P[4]) were detected in the majority of samples (n=733, 88.2%). Rare genotype combinations such as G6P[14] were detected in <1% of samples. Rare genotype strains and strains which failed to amplify in genotyping RT-PCR were subjected to genetic characterization by sequencing one or all of the following genes; VP7, VP4, VP6 and NSP4. Sequences of sufficient length and quality were available for all 4 genes for 28 strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that reassortant G9P[4] strains circulated with 3 different genotype combinations. As rotavirus vaccines are not widely used in Denmark or its neighboring countries, the diversity of rotavirus strains identified in this study most likely reflects naturally occurring selection pressures and viral evolution.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, K. K., et al.
(författare)
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The nature of z similar to 2.3 Lyman-alpha emitters
- 2011
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 529, s. A9-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the multi-wavelength properties of a set of 171 Ly alpha emitting candidates at redshift z = 2.25 found in the COSMOS field, with the aim of understanding the underlying stellar populations in the galaxies. We especially seek to understand what the dust contents, ages and stellar masses of the galaxies are, and how they relate to similar properties of Ly alpha emitters at other redshifts. The candidates here are shown to have different properties from those of Ly alpha emitters found at higher redshift, by fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using a Monte-Carlo Markov-Chain technique and including nebular emission in the spectra. The stellar masses, and possibly the dust contents, are higher, with stellar masses in the range log M(*) = 8.5-11.0 M(circle dot) and A(v) = 0.0-2.5 mag. Young population ages are well constrained, but the ages of older populations are typically unconstrained. In 15% of the galaxies only a single, young population of stars is observed. We show that the Ly alpha fluxes of the best fit galaxies are correlated with their dust properties, with higher dust extinction in Ly alpha faint galaxies. Testing for whether results derived from a light-weighted stack of objects correlate to those found when fitting individual objects we see that stellar masses are robust to stacking, but ages and especially dust extinctions are derived incorrectly from stacks. We conclude that the stellar properties of Ly alpha emitters at z = 2.25 are different from those at higher redshift and that they are diverse. Ly alpha selection appears to be tracing systematically different galaxies at different redshifts.
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| 6. |
- Blaabjerg, K, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of heat-treatment, phytate, xylanase and soaking time on inositol phosphate degradation in vitro in wheat, soybean meal and rapeseed cake
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401. ; 162:3-4, s. 123-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in vitro method was used to evaluate the degradation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) in non-heat-treated wheat (NHW), heat-treated wheat (HW), soybean meal (SBM) or rapeseed cake (RSC) soaked separately or in combination. The feedstuffs were soaked in water (20°C) and samples were collected after 2, 4, 8 and 24h. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) phytase addition to soaked NHW or HW improves InsP6 degradation, (2) phytase and xylanase addition to soaked NHW or HW improves InsP6 degradation further compared solely with phytase, (3) phytase addition to SBM or RSC improves InsP6 degradation, and (4) soaking of SBM or RSM together with NHW (ratio 1:1) stimulates InsP6 degradation from SBM or RSC due to the activity of wheat phytases, whereby phytase addition results in no further InsP6 degradation. Additionally, degradation of lower inositol phosphates (myo-inositol pentakisphosphate-myo-inositol bisphosphate or InsP5-InsP2) was studied to verify if InsP6 degradation leads to an accumulation of InsP5-InsP2.In NHW or HW addition of phytase alone or with xylanase had no significant effect on InsP6 degradation. However, InsP6 degradation was influenced by the interaction between heat-treatment and soaking time (P≤0.001). This was mainly due to a smaller proportion of non-degraded InsP6-P at 24h in HW compared with NHW (0.13 vs. 0.47) (P≤0.001) possibly caused by structural changes imposed by the heat-treatment. In SBM, RSC, SBM/NHW or RSC/NHW, the InsP6 degradation was affected by the interaction between phytase addition and soaking time (P≤0.001) as phytase reduced the proportion of non-degraded InsP6-P at 2, 4, 8 or 24h. Soaking of NHW, SBM or RSC (without phytase) separately resulted in a limited InsP6 degradation, whereas a pronounced InsP6 degradation occurred when RSC or SBM were soaked together with NHW (without phytase) because wheat phytases degraded InsP6 in SBM or RSC. However, addition of phytase to SBM/NHW or RSC/NHW increased further the degradation of InsP6 indicating that endogenous wheat phytases were not sufficient. The formation of InsP5-InsP2-P was very small (40-180μg/kg DM) during the degradation of InsP6 indicating a rapid and almost complete degradation of these compounds.In conclusion, the effect of phytase on InsP6 degradation during soaking depends on the feedstuff and processing of the feedstuff. InsP6 degradation results in a negligible accumulation of InsP5-InsP2. Soaking of plant feedstuffs prior to feeding of pigs may improve P digestibility compared with dry feeding, but studies with pigs are required to clarify this.
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| 7. |
- Boström, C., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution, structure and function of Nordic eelgrass (Zostera marina) ecosystems: Implications for coastal management and conservation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Aquatic conservation. - : Wiley. - 1052-7613. ; 24:3, s. 410-434
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the marine foundation eelgrass species, Zostera marina, along a gradient from the northern Baltic Sea to the north-east Atlantic. This vast region supports a minimum of 1480km2 eelgrass (maximum >2100km2), which corresponds to more than four times the previously quantified area of eelgrass in Western Europe. Eelgrass meadows in the low salinity Baltic Sea support the highest diversity (4-6 spp.) of angiosperms overall, but eelgrass productivity is low (<2g dw m-2 d-1) and meadows are isolated and genetically impoverished. Higher salinity areas support monospecific meadows, with higher productivity (3-10g dw m-2 d-1) and greater genetic connectivity. The salinity gradient further imposes functional differences in biodiversity and food webs, in particular a decline in number, but increase in biomass of mesograzers in the Baltic. Significant declines in eelgrass depth limits and areal cover are documented, particularly in regions experiencing high human pressure. The failure of eelgrass to re-establish itself in affected areas, despite nutrient reductions and improved water quality, signals complex recovery trajectories and calls for much greater conservation effort to protect existing meadows. The knowledge base for Nordic eelgrass meadows is broad and sufficient to establish monitoring objectives across nine national borders. Nevertheless, ensuring awareness of their vulnerability remains challenging. Given the areal extent of Nordic eelgrass systems and the ecosystem services they provide, it is crucial to further develop incentives for protecting them. © 2014 The Authors.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, K, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and matched controls.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7732 .- 0300-9742. ; 41:4, s. 290-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As physical activity reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population, studies concerning the frequency of physical activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are needed. Earlier studies indicate that patients with SLE are physically inactive but there are few studies that compare physical activity in SLE to that in the general population. The aim of this study was to examine different aspects of physical activity in patients with SLE and population controls and to investigate how they relate to disease activity and organ damage.METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-two patients with SLE and 272 population controls, individually matched for age, gender, and living region, were investigated clinically. For patients, the investigation included assessment of disease activity using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and organ damage using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC) Damage Index. All participants filled out an extensive questionnaire concerning physical activity, exercise capacity, and sedentary behaviour.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 47 (SD 15) years. Patients reported lower (p < 0.001) capacity for walking, jogging, and running and more limiting factors for these activities than controls (p < 0.001). Patients exercised less often than controls (p < 0.01) and patients with SLICC ≥ 2 points reported less physical activity on 'low to moderate' intensity compared to their controls (p < 0.05). Sedentary behaviour was reported by 18% of the patients and 26% of the controls (ns).CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE reported lower exercise capacity and less frequent exercise than controls. Additionally, patients with more organ damage reported less physical activity, and these, together with patients who have a sedentary behaviour, should be the focus of intervention programmes to support increased physical activity and exercise in SLE.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Holmberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of prostate cancer survival in England, Norway and Sweden : A population-based study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7821 .- 1877-783X. ; 36:1, s. e7-e12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The objective of the study was to compare patterns of survival 2001-2004 in prostate cancer patients from England, Norway and Sweden in relation to age and period of follow-up. Subjects and methods Excess mortality in men with prostate cancer was estimated using nation-wide cancer register data using a period approach for relative survival. 179,112 men in England, 23,192 in Norway and 59,697 in Sweden were included. Results In all age groups, England had the lowest survival, particularly so among men aged 80+. Overall age-standardised five-year survival was 76.4%, 80.3% and 83.0% for England, Norway and Sweden, respectively. The majority of the excess deaths in England were confined to the first year of follow-up. Conclusion The results indicate that a small but important group of older patients present at a late stage and succumb early to their cancers, possibly in combination with severe comorbidity, and this situation is more common in England than in Norway or Sweden.
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| 12. |
- Horikoshi, Momoko, et al.
(författare)
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New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.
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| 13. |
- Idahl, Annika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus, and polyomavirus are not detectable in human tissue with epithelial ovarian cancer, borderline tumor, or benign conditions
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 202:1, s. 71.e1-71.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the presence of the microorganisms Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus (HPV), and the polyomaviruses BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) in ovarian tissues of women with ovarian carcinomas, borderline tumors, and benign conditions. STUDY DESIGN: Ovarian tissue, snap-frozen and stored at -80 degrees C, from 186 women with benign conditions, borderline tumors, and epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as tissue from the contralateral ovary of 126 of these women, were analyzed regarding presence of C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae (transcription mediated amplification), M genitalium (real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), HPV (PCR), and BKV and JCV (PCR). RESULTS: All the tissue samples studied were found negative for the microorganisms analyzed. CONCLUSION: C trachomatis, M genitalium, N gonorrhoeae, HPV, and the polyomaviruses BKV and JCV are not detectable in ovarian tissues either from women with benign conditions and borderline tumors or from women with ovarian cancer.
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| 14. |
- Jørgensen, Tine, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of ancient sedimentary DNA, pollen and macrofossils from permafrost sediments of Northern Siberia reveals long-term vegetational stability
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083. ; 21:8, s. 1989-2003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in Undetermined Although ancient DNA from sediments (sedaDNA) has been used to investigate past ecosystems, the approach has never been directly compared with the traditional methods of pollen and macrofossil analysis. We conducted a comparative survey of 18 ancient permafrost samples spanning the Late Pleistocene (4612.5 thousand years ago), from the Taymyr Peninsula in northern Siberia. The results show that pollen, macrofossils and sedaDNA are complementary rather than overlapping and, in combination, reveal more detailed information on plant palaeocommunities than can be achieved by each individual approach. SedaDNA and macrofossils share greater overlap in plant identifications than with pollen, suggesting that sedaDNA is local in origin. These two proxies also permit identification to lower taxonomic levels than pollen, enabling investigation into temporal changes in species composition and the determination of indicator species to describe environmental changes. Combining data from all three proxies reveals an area continually dominated by a mosaic vegetation of tundra-steppe, pioneer and wet-indicator plants. Such vegetational stability is unexpected, given the severe climate changes taking place in the Northern Hemisphere during this time, with changes in average annual temperatures of >22 degrees C. This may explain the abundance of ice-age mammals such as horse and bison in Taymyr Peninsula during the Pleistocene and why it acted as a refugium for the last mainland woolly mammoth. Our finding reveals the benefits of combining sedaDNA, pollen and macrofossil for palaeovegetational reconstruction and adds to the increasing evidence suggesting large areas of the Northern Hemisphere remained ecologically stable during the Late Pleistocene.
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| 15. |
- Knudsen, Endre, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging claims in the study of migratory birds and climate change.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Biological Reviews. - 1469-185X. ; 86, s. 928-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally dispersed annual life cycle, and effects are modulated by ecological interactions, evolutionary change and endogenous control mechanisms. Here we assess and discuss key statements emerging from the rapidly developing study of changing spring phenology in migratory birds. These well-studied organisms have been instrumental for understanding climate-change effects, but research is developing rapidly and there is a need to attack the big issues rather than risking affirmative science. Although we agree poorly on the support for most claims, agreement regarding the knowledge basis enables consensus regarding broad patterns and likely causes. Empirical data needed for disentangling mechanisms are still scarce, and consequences at a population level and on community composition remain unclear. With increasing knowledge, the overall support ('consensus view') for a claim increased and between-researcher variability in support ('expert opinions') decreased, indicating the importance of assessing and communicating the knowledge basis. A proper integration across biological disciplines seems essential for the field's transition from affirming patterns to understanding mechanisms and making robust predictions regarding future consequences of shifting phenologies.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Sjövall, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Imaging of distribution of topically applied drug molecules in mouse skin by combination of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 86:7, s. 3443-3452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the development of topical drugs intended for local effects in the skin, one of the major challenges is to achieve drug penetration through the external barrier of the skin, stratum corneum, and secure exposure to the viable skin layers. Mass spectrometric imaging offers an opportunity to study drug penetration in a variety of skin models by mapping the spatial distribution indifferent skin layers after topical application of the drug. In this study, we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image the distribution of three drug molecules in skin tissue cross sections of inflamed mouse ear. The three compounds, roflumilast, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib, were topically administered to the mouse ears, which were subsequently cryosectioned and thawed for the analyses. The results reveal that the combination of TOF-SIMS and SEM was beneficial for interpretation of drug distribution. SEM identified the different skin layers, while spatial distributions of all three compounds could be visualized by TOF-SIMS, showing that the drug was primarily distributed into, or on the top of, the stratum corneum. Imaging of endogenous skin components like cholesterol, phospholipids, ceramides, and free fatty acids showed distributions in good agreement with the literature. One limitation of the TOF-SIMS method is sensitivity, typically allowing for analysis in the millimolar range rather than the pharmacologically relevant micromolar range. However, the data presented demonstrate the potential of the technique for studying the penetration of drugs with different physicochemical properties in skin.
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| 19. |
- Skoglund, Ingmarie, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled trial comparing two ways of providing evidence-based drug information to GPs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 31:2, s. 67-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate whether tailored evidence-based drug information (EBDI) to general practitioners (GPs) can change the proportion of ACE inhibitor prescriptions more effectively than EBDI provided as usual three and six months after the intervention.Design. Randomized controlled trial.Setting. GPs in southern Sweden working at primary health care centres (PHCCs) in seven drug and therapeutic committee areas.Intervention. EBDI tailored to motivational interviewing (MI) technique and focused on the benefit aspect was compared with EBDI provided as usual.Subjects. There were 408 GPs in the intervention group and 583 GPs in the control group.Main outcome measures. Change in proportion of ACE inhibitor prescriptions relative to the sum of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, three and six months after the intervention.Results. The GPs' average proportions of prescribed ACE inhibitors increased in both groups. No statistically significant differences in the change of proportions were found between intervention and control groups. Information was provided to 29% of GPs in both groups.Conclusion. This study could not prove that specially tailored EBDI using MI implements guidelines more effectively than EBDI provided as usual.
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| 20. |
- Skoglund, Ingmarie, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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GPs' opinions of public and industrial information regarding drugs : a cross-sectional study
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 11, s. 204-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: General Practitioners {GP} in Sweden prescribe more than 50% of all prescriptions. Scientific knowledge on the opinions of GPs regarding drug information has been sparse. Such knowledge could be valuable when designing evidence-based drug information to GPs. GPs' opinions on public- and industry-provided drug information are presented in this article. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was answered by 368 GPs at 97 primary-health care centres {PHCC}. The centres were invited to participate by eight out of 29 drug and therapeutic committees {DTCs}. A multilevel model was used to analyse associations between opinions of GPs regarding drug information and whether the GPs worked in public sector or in a private enterprise, their age, sex, and work experience. PHCC and geographical area were included as random effects. Results: About 85% of the GPs perceived they received too much information from the industry, that the quality of public information was high and useful, and that the main task of public authorities was to increase the GPs' knowledge of drugs. Female GPs valued information from public authorities to a much greater extent than male GPs. Out of the GPs, 93% considered the main task of the industry was to promote sales. Differences between the GPs' opinions between PHCCs were generally more visible than differences between areas. Conclusions: Some kind of incentives could be considered for PHCCs that actively reduce drug promotion from the industry. That female GPs valued information from public authorities to a much greater extent than male GPs should be taken into consideration when designing evidence-based drug information from public authorities to make implementation easier.
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| 21. |
- Thomas, H., et al.
(författare)
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Explosions of Xenon Clusters in Ultraintense Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses from the LCLS Free Electron Laser
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 108:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explosions of large Xe clusters (< N > similar to 11 000) irradiated by femtosecond pulses of 850 eV x-ray photons focused to an intensity of up to 1017 W/cm(2) from the Linac Coherent Light Source were investigated experimentally. Measurements of ion charge-state distributions and energy spectra exhibit strong evidence for the formation of a Xe nanoplasma in the intense x-ray pulse. This x-ray produced Xe nanoplasma is accompanied by a three-body recombination and hydrodynamic expansion. These experimental results appear to be consistent with a model in which a spherically exploding nanoplasma is formed inside the Xe cluster and where the plasma temperature is determined by photoionization heating.
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| 22. |
- Wauters, T., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen ion cyclotron wall conditioning for fuel removal on TEXTOR and ASDEX upgrade
- 2012
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Ingår i: 39th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2012, EPS 2012 and the 16th International Congress on Plasma Physics. - 9781622769810 ; , s. 1378-1381
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion Cyclotron Wall Conditioning (ICWC), applicable in presence of the toroidal magnetic field, is envisaged in ITER to recover from disruptions, leaks and torus vents, for recycling control and for fuel removal. Various experiments on different devices as well as modeling efforts are advancing to consolidate this technique. This contribution focuses on a selection of recent hydrogen ICWC experiments on ASDEX Upgrade and TEXTOR. The ASDEX Upgrade experiment aimed at comparing isotopic exchange efficiencies previously obtained on Carbon devices to the ITER relevant Tungsten wall. The experiment on TEXTOR aimed at assessing the performance of H2-ICWC for codeposited layer removal. The latter being a particular important fuel removal aspect since it is predicted that a major part of tritium in-vessel inventory build-up on ITER will be due to the formation of tritium rich codeposited layers.
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| 23. |
- Wauters, T., et al.
(författare)
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Self-consistent application of ion cyclotron wall conditioning for co-deposited layer removal and recovery of tokamak operation on TEXTOR
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 53:12, s. 123001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a demonstration experiment of ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) on TEXTOR covering all ITER wall conditioning aims and discusses the implications for ITER. O-2/He-ICWC applied to erode carbon co-deposits removed 6.6x10(21) C-atoms (39 pulses, 158 s cumulated discharge time). Large oxygen retention (71% of injected oxygen) prevented subsequent ohmic discharge initiation. Plasma operation was recovered by a 1h47 multi-pulse D-2-ICWC procedure including pumping time between pulses with duty cycle of 2 s/20 s, cleaning the vessel from oxygen impurities, followed by a 23 min He-ICWC procedure (2 s/20 s), applied to desaturate the deuterium-loaded walls. A stable ohmic discharge was established on the first attempt right after the recovery procedure. The discharges showed improved density control and only slightly increased oxygen characteristic radiation levels (1-1.5 times). After the recovery procedure 36% of the injected O-atoms remained retained in the vessel, derived from mass spectrometry measurements. This amount is in the estimated range for storage in remote areas obtained from surface analysis of locally exposed samples. The removed amount of oxygen by D-2 and He-ICWC obtained from mass spectrometry corresponds to the retention in plasma-wetted areas estimated by surface analysis. It is concluded that most of the removed oxygen stems from plasma-wetted areas while shadowed areas, e. g. behind poloidal limiters, may feature net retention of the discharge gas. On ITER, designed with a shaped first wall, the ICWC plasma-wetted area will approach the total surface area, reducing consequently the retention in remote areas. A tentative extrapolation of the carbon removal on TEXTOR to tritium removal from co-deposits on ITER in the 39 x 4 s O-2/He-ICWC discharges, including pumping time between the RF pulses, corresponds on ITER to a tritium removal in the order of the estimated retention per 400 s DT-burn (140-500 mgT (Shimada and Pitts 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 415 S1013-6)).
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