| 1. |
- Back, Andreas, 1980-
(author)
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Footprints of an invisible population : second-home tourism and its heterogeneous impacts on municipal planning and housing markets in Sweden
- 2020
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- While public administrative systems are based on a principle of permanent residence, many people use multiple dwellings, such as second homes, in their everyday life. This mismatch makes second-home tourists an invisible population in the eyes of these systems, when, for example, distributing tax revenues or planning public services. The present thesis investigates the effects of this mismatch and its spatially diverse outcomes. It does so by studying how Swedish municipalities perceive and manage the impacts of second-home tourism, and how this tourism affects the housing market. The thesis is based on microdata of the Swedish second-home stock, longitudinal housing market statistics for 1999-2017, and interviews with civil servants from 20 Swedish municipalities.The empirical findings show that the impacts of second-home tourism vary spatially, but also over time. While all municipalities interviewed in the thesis experienced second-home tourism, there were noticeable spatial variations in the effects on, for example, planning, public services and housing provision. The patterns to this variation were particularly pronounced between periurban areas, sparsely populated areas and tourism hotspots. Periurban municipalities were most affected with second homes being converted into primary residences and the associated costs of that change. In sparsely populated areas, municipalities faced the opposite situation combined with an ever-shrinking population of permanent residents. Tourism hotspots had to manage the combined challenges of a seasonally varying second-home population exceeding the registered permanent population. The examined housing market statistics show a similar pattern, with considerable spatial differences in the market relations between primary residences and second homes. It also reveals growing regional disparities, with second homes driving or trailing overall price development depending on geographical context.To summarise, the thesis demonstrates how impacts of second-home tourism on municipal planning and housing markets differ and provides an analysis for the patterns of this variation. Based on this, it provides a number of proposals for policy change. The thesis also contributes to theory development on the spatially heterogeneous effects of mobile lifestyles, by conceptualising second-home tourism as an umbrella concept. As such, second-home tourism encompasses many different forms of dwellings, practices and impacts grounded in geographical and historical contexts. This emphasises the need for research, planning, governance and policy-making to recognise human mobility and the diverse spatiality of its effects.
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| 2. |
- Back, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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The invisible hand of an invisible population : Dynamics and heterogeneity of second-home housing markets
- 2022
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In: The international journal of tourism research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1099-2340 .- 1522-1970. ; 24:4, s. 536-549
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of second-home tourism on property markets has been one of the key debates in second-home research. This has been discussed in association with property speculation, financial vulnerability, gentrification, displacement, and rural development. This paper studies the market prices for all detached homes traded on the open market in Sweden during 1999–2017. It investigates how the market values of second homes have developed over time and how they vary spatially. Results show clear and growing spatial inequalities over the period. It emphasises the dynamic interplay between different forms of dwelling use and the close relationship to spatial context.
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| 3. |
- Demiroglu, O. Cenk, et al.
(author)
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Impacts of climate change on Swedish second home tourism
- 2023
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In: Second Homes and Climate Change. - London and New York : Routledge. - 9781000905533 - 9780367549466 - 9781003091295 ; , s. 39-55
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Second home tourism has been labelled the hidden giant of tourism. Still, little attention has been given to the impact of climate change and second homes. On the contrary, planning has neglected second homes and their users, who therefore often remain invisible in public statistics. After an overview of potential climate change induced risks for second home tourism, this chapter assesses the Swedish second home stock’s risk exposure. It is shown that second homes indeed concentrate on exposed localities such as mountain, riverine, and shoreline environments. Climate models also project dramatic change for northern environments, and thus, the presence of second homes needs to be recognised in planning to adapt to the risks of property damage as well as risks for its users.
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| 4. |
- Demiroglu, O. Cenk, et al.
(author)
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Managing Emerging Destinations : the Case of Azerbaijan
- 2021
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In: Journal of Tourismology. - : Istanbul Universitesi. Iktisat Fakultesi. Ekonometri. - 2459-1939. ; 7:1, s. 1-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to explore the evolution of governance frameworks in emerging destinations. The literature signals a continuum along which the frameworks move from state-led, formal governance to public-private-partnerships, where more flexible, market-driven systems are in play. In this study, an emerging tourism country, Azerbaijan, is analyzed in terms of its tourism development and institutionalization process. For this purpose, policy documents and six expert interviews were analyzed, followed by a validation process. The results revealed that the country is on the verge of rapid transitions regarding destination governance. Tourism has been prioritized on the political agenda for the past decade, and in the period from the declaration of 2011 as "Year of Tourism" to the COVID-19 pandemic, growth was registered in both supply and demand. Concordantly, institutional transformation has been initiated by launching the national Destination Management Organization (DMO) and three other regional DMOs, with new DMOs underway.
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| 5. |
- Demiroglu, Osman Cenk, et al.
(author)
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The last resort? : Ski tourism and climate change in Arctic Sweden
- 2020
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In: Journal of Tourism Futures. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2055-5911 .- 2055-592X. ; 6:1, s. 91-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the external and internal factors that support or challenge a possible transformation of Arctic Sweden into a major ski destination under a changing climate.Design/methodology/approach – The paper questions future availability of the physical and the human factors that foster ski tourism development in Arctic Sweden and suggests a comparative case study in relation to the already existing large resort-based ski destinations in Arctic Finland.Findings – Preliminary documentary analysis shows that the governmental and the industrial discourses over the past decade have acknowledged a competitive edge for Sweden and its northernmost regions in particular and may even propose a structural shift for ski tourism in the near future agenda. The visualisations based on natural snow projections presented in this paper confirm this comparative advantage but other technical and socioeconomic development factors are further discussed, in relation to Arctic Finland.Research limitations/implications – Future research agenda is suggested to cover, first, assessment of natural and technical snow reliability of existing and all potential ski areas in Sweden and within its competitive set extending to all the Nordics and the Alps, then, incorporation of adaptive capacities of the suppliers but especially the likely substitution tendencies of the consumers, and finally, evaluation of the overall situation in terms of the regional development needs.Social implications – It is apparent that land use conflicts will arise in case of large ski resort-based destination development in Arctic Sweden, especially around the environmentally protected areas, which are not only already important attractions for nature-based tourism but also traditional livelihoods for the Sami.Originality/value – This is the first paper to discuss a potential regional and structural shift of ski tourism in Sweden.
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| 6. |
- Huijbens, Edward H., et al.
(author)
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The socio-spatial articulations of tourism studies in nordic geography
- 2022
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In: Socio-spatial theory in nordic geography. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031042331 - 9783031042362 - 9783031042348 ; , s. 169-190
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter will focus on geographical contributions to tourism studies in Nordic scholarship. The chapter provides a thematised overview of the ways in which tourism dynamics and developments have been understood and researched by Nordic geographers. The themes are drawn from a bibliometric analysis and are arranged around the key geographical concepts of place, space and time. As such the chapter is not aspiring to provide a comprehensive listing of, or detailing all Nordic geographers who have addressed issues of tourism, nor exhaustively cover all topics, but to gauge the socio-spatial articulations of tourism studies in Nordic geography. Part one will look at how places are articulated as sites of tourism experiences, social relations and tourism industry dynamics in Nordic geography. Part two will look at how spatial flows and global ideas constitutive of tourism destinations are understood. Part three will focus on how Nordic tourism geography scholarship has developed through and on what looks to be promising future oriented studies therein. As such the chapter will contribute to the theorisations of geography and the development of socio-spatial theories within Nordic geography from a tourism studies perspective.
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| 7. |
- Ismail, Sameera, et al.
(author)
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Review of the research on second homes and the environment
- 2023
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In: Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0035-919X .- 2154-0098. ; 78:3, s. 217-226
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Second home tourism has emerged as a significant area of research because of the intersection between tourism and migration that has been encouraged by new forms of mobility. The social and economic aspects of second homes have been studied extensively, yet research on the environmental impacts of second home tourism remains limited. The paper aims to review second home research in general, identify environmental policies and the relevance to second home tourism, and discuss the applicable environmental research themes undertaken to date and those that should still be researched. The paper concludes by advocating for greater academic scrutiny of the environmental aspects of second home tourism to enable a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon as part of tourism.
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| 8. |
- Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór, et al.
(author)
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Arctic tourism in times of change : uncertain futures – from overtourism to re-starting tourism
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The report presents findings from a workshop where researchers, students, tourism industry representatives, policy makers and entrepreneurs from the Arctic discussed the challenges of overtourism, the impact of COVID-19 and visions for restarting tourism. A key for sustainable management of tourism is that actors are aware that they are part of a wide ranging tourism system that affects how they can tackle ensuing crisis or challenges such as overtourism and undertourism. The COVID-19 hit tourism hard across the Arctic although there are also regional differences. The pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the tourism product and opened a space for reconsidering tourism growth and the negative impacts of tourism on climate, biodiversity and communities. The report argues for the need to build tourism based on tourism-community collaboration.
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| 9. |
- Lundmark, Linda, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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Arctification and the paradox of overtourism in sparsely populated areas
- 2020
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In: Dipping in to the North. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9789811566226 - 9789811566233 ; , s. 349-371
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this chapter, the Arctic is put in relation to increasing tourism to the North caused not least by increasing geopolitical interests in combination with the focus climate change is putting on the area, here referred to as Arctification. The growth of tourism, and the dispersion or concentration of tourists, has led to new challenges characterized as overtourism that in an Arctic context materializes on a microscale, where small communities can experience relatively large numbers of tourists for a limited time period. The implications of this increase and changing flow require more in-depth or locally based research. This chapter ends by asking what effects there might be of anti-tourism social movements, xenophobia or climate change in the future?
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| 10. |
- Maher, Patrick T., et al.
(author)
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Touring in the Arctic : shades of gray toward a sustainable future
- 2022. - 1
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In: Renewable economies in the Arctic. - London : Routledge. - 9781032000305 - 9781032000343 - 9781003172406 ; , s. 81-98
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter (Chapter 5) offers an examination of Arctic tourism. Viewed through the lens of the “destination,” this chapter explores the various ways tourism has developed, and continues to develop, in the Arctic. Many Arctic actors assume that the publicity of a specific place or region will lead to increased numbers of tourists and investors. But this has not proven to be the case across the entire circumpolar region. Rather, an important success criterion for the tourism industry is to provide the right experience to the right visitor. For this to happen, the image of the Arctic alongside realities of small communities must be addressed.
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| 11. |
- Marjavaara, Roger, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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The Arctification of northern tourism : a longitudinal geographical analysis of firm names in Sweden
- 2022
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In: Polar Geography. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1088-937X .- 1939-0513. ; 45:2, s. 119-136
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The European North has long attracted travelers, the selling point often being the availability of nature and wilderness. Recent developments, however, suggest a greater variety of tourism motivations, including new products such as dogsled tours, aurora borealis watching, snowmobiling, and stays at ice hotels. Many of these firms use names containing the term ‘Arctic' or similar terminology related to imaginations of the Far North. The chosen terminology is considered one example of the process of ‘Arctification'. However, there is a limitation in descriptive knowledge about the overall Arctification of the region’s tourism industry. Hence, this article aims to illustrate the Arctification of the tourism industry by mapping the changing geographies of firm names. Through its results, the study aims to contribute an understanding of how firm naming is part of the tourism production, and how this influences the reimaging and delineation of regions. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, extracting data from the Retriever Business database. The results show a clear development of tourism firms increasingly using Arctic terminology in their firm names. Also, the tourism firms’ locations show patterns of spatial differences related to the region’s natural environment, population density, infrastructure, and the firms’ age.
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| 12. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-
(author)
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20 Years of Nordic second-home tourism research : a review and future research agenda
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:1, s. 91-101
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Second-home tourism is a prominent feature of Nordic tourism. This article reviews Nordic research on second-home tourism since 2000 and relates it to international trends within this field. Furthermore, it provides a short outline of future research needs and opportunities. The review indicates that Nordic second-home tourism research has been highly productive and influential. After being dominated by national overviews, research has more recently addressed issues such as environmental impacts, community tensions and displacement, internationalization, and planning. Indeed, with this, Nordic researchers have gained core positions in the international ecosystem of second-home research, and particularly Umeå University has developed into the epicenter of second-home research. Although the situation for Nordic second-home research has been strong, generational shifts imply a risk of discontinuation. However, a more nuanced view on the second-home phenomenon detects the varieties of second-home tourism and the multiple interconnections to other fields of research. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, second-home research can become a forerunner in understanding households' new spatial-temporal arrangements, combining various homes and places.
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| 13. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Arctic Tourism in Times of Change : Dimensions of Urban Tourism
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tourism has grown in many Arctic peripheries of northern Europe and North America in recent years, particularly among international markets interested in northern winter experiences and unique Arctic nature and culture-based assets. This recent growth has been facilitated by a combination of factors tied to globalization, climate change, and an increasing “Arctification” of northern tourism that has generated particular imaginations and representations of the North among consumers as well as industry and political stakeholders. In this context urban places have remained relatively neglected in both academic and policy discourses connected to Arctic tourism, with much of the research and public attention focusing on remote destinations and exotic attractions that typically dominate the popular promotional tourism imagery of the Arctic. This neglect is somewhat surprising considering that most tourism activity – along with its positive and negative socioeconomic impacts – seems to concentrate in and around the larger urban centers.This report is the second one developed as part of the project Partnership for Sustainability: Arctic Tourism in Times of Change (funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers Arctic Co-operation Programme 2018–2020). The report brings together expertise and case studies from several Arctic and northern peripheries in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, and Canada to illustrate the diversity of urban Arctic tourism dimensions and to identify important implications for sustainable local and/or regional tourism development across the North.The case studies indicate that the dimensions of urban tourism in the Arctic are plentiful. As urban places in the Arctic are not primarily tourism resort towns, tourism happens in the context of other economic and societal activities. Hence, urban places in the Arctic serve a regional demand for urbanity and urban services within leisure and entertainment and they serve as destinations for domestic and international markets looking for more typical northern products such as winter experiences or northern lights. In this context, the Arctic dimensions of urban tourism in northern cities are not always self-evident and tourism has not always developed in relation to the northern culture of these places.Considering these insights, there is certainly not only one way forward for urban tourism in the Arctic. However, in a global competition for capital, companies, and people, urban places seem to be increasingly using tourism as a way to boost local economies and reimage their places in order to achieve individual, local, regional, and national development goals. In this context, the “Arctic” becomes a context to play with and an ingredient that on a global market is currently loaded with positive value.
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| 14. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Naherholung und tourismus an der Schwedischen ostseeküste : [Recreation and tourism along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast]
- 2022
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In: Geographische Rundschau. - Braunschweig : Westermann Schulbuchverlag GmbH. - 0016-7460. ; 74:11, s. 28-31
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Die schwedische Küste streckt sich über mehr als 2000 Kilometer von Haparanda an der finnischen Grenze bis nach Strömstad, an der Grenze zu Norwegen. Die Küstenzone beinhaltet mit 5 Millionen Menschen mehr als die Hälfte aller Einwohner des Landes und viele wichtige Wirtschaftsstandorte. Die Küste streckt sich von der kühlgemäßigten bis zur kaltgemäßigten Klimazone des Nordens, wo die Ostsee mehrere Wintermonate zugefroren ist. Auch die Tourismus- und Freizeitperspektive spiegelt diese geographischen Unterschiede wider, was im Folgenden durch drei Beispiele von Nord nach Süd illustriert wird.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Müller, Dieter K., 1968-
(author)
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Tourism and lifestyle-led mobilities
- 2021
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In: International residential mobilities. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030774653 - 9783030774660 ; , s. 339-351
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter addresses residential mobilities along and across various scales. In this context, the chapter reviews the major topics of the volume, such as global processes of multi-residence and local impacts; transnationalism, postcolonialism, and return and circular migrations; and migration, gentrification, and tourism in urban spaces. As a result of this review, it is acknowledged that residential mobilities and multiple dwelling are not only signified by stretching over temporal and geographical scales; instead, even regarding motivations and space-time use, lifestyle mobilities contest traditional ideas of migration and tourism. This is done by moving what has previously been experienced as extraordinary, such as migration and tourism, into the mundane. Hence, the chapter underlines the emergence of new mobilities as a central aspect of societal change in the twenty-first century and calls for the further development of a mobilities paradigm.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Näsman, Mattias, 1989-, et al.
(author)
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A promised land? : First summary of the research program
- 2023
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This document lays out the background for the research program “A promised land? Drivers, challenges and opportunities related to the (green) industrialization of Northern Sweden,” (nr. M22-0029) awarded by the Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond’s in 2022. The document summarizes work in progress and may therefore be updated and republished in different versions according to the requirements of the program. This interdisciplinary program aims to understand the economic, social, and political challenges and opportunities of the ongoing industrial transformation in northern Sweden. A key element of the program is to identify drivers, obstacles, and preconditions in a historical, present, and forward-looking process-perspective.
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| 20. |
- Pettersson, Richard, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Museums portraying indigenous heritage : The case of Sámi museums in Sweden
- 2023
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In: Journal of Heritage Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1743-873X .- 1747-6631. ; 18:2, s. 184-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A major attraction in Arctic tourism is the presence of indigenous cultures. However, many tourists have only limited opportunities to access indigenous culture and sites, as long as they are not spatially and temporally fixed. This puts museums at the center of attention and gives them a core role in portraying and interpreting indigenous heritage. A dual role with the responsibility to collect, preserve, use, and develop heritage while at the same time appealing to various visitor groups is challenging, not least in a time of Arctification, luring new visitor groups with various touristic imaginaries to the North. This article reports on an assessment of two indigenous museums in Arctic Sweden. The research reveals that the responsible managers at the museums are aware of the dual role of museums, and need to navigate in a complex environment of local and global expectations based on preconceived notions. The museums are important nodes, and contribute to place-making in peripheral localities in the North.
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| 21. |
- Phommavong, Saithong, 1975-, et al.
(author)
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What is the economic impact of ecotourism for the poor in Lao PDR?
- 2020. - 1
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In: Tourism and Development in Southeast Asia. - London : Routledge. - 9780429264191 - 9780367209254 ; , s. 103-117
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Laos government and international organizations including UNDP, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and state donors, such as New Zealand Official Development Assistance, set up community-based ecotourism projects by investing in facilities and training locals. The measure of the importance of tourism usually includes assessments of the community’s ability to retain income within the local economy, the level of employment generated and the equal distribution of economic benefits. A. Blake, J. S. Arbache, M. T. Sinclair and V. Teles argue that ‘there is little economy-wide research evidence to suggest that tourism does reduce neither poverty nor studies that quantify the interactions between it and poverty’. Quantitative approaches to studying economic impacts dominate in tourism literature. While quantitative macroeconomic techniques such as input-output analysis are applicable for large-scale cases, they are inappropriate for local levels where significant data is often unavailable.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Svalastog, Anna Lydia, et al.
(author)
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Introduction: A resource approach to tourism
- 2022
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In: Tourism as a resource-based industry. - Wallingford : CABI Publishing. - 9781800621466 - 9781800621480 - 9781800621473 ; , s. 1-8
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 24. |
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Tourism as a resouce-based industry : based on the work of Sondre Svalastog
- 2022
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Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Tourism as a Resource-based Industry presents the conceptual framework of the Norwegian economic geographer Sondre Svalastog and functions as a practical tool for analyzing and identifying resources when working towards a more sustainable tourism industry.Tourism resources and their sustainability are analysed through the lens of a multidisciplinary approach which includes social, economic, cultural and natural dimensions. Contextual awareness is achieved by combining research-based knowledge with local know-how and information on local conditions. The book facilitates a way forward that examines both productivity and sustainability. The usefulness and value of Svalastog's conceptual work is demonstrated by a selection of new case studies by experts in the field, from different countries including Sweden, Norway, Slovenia, and the UK.This book:- Identifies local conditions and resources, climate change concerns, different types of tourists and a variety of challenges in high-cost and low-cost countries.- Considers how best to maximise potential and production, ensuring that both the host community and tourist benefits.- Provides a wide-ranging selection of case studies covering topics such as urban heritage, national parks, niche tourism and location-specific tourism products.- Presents ideas on how to secure sound planning within the industry, using conceptual and methodological tools.Tourism researchers and students will find this book helpful for understanding the development of tourism and how it can contribute to the UN Agenda 2030 which reflects the urgency for change, to secure cultural and natural resources, health and social resilience, and the stability of a socially constructed economy. Thus, tourism research needs to include a constant review and if required, renewal of processes that manage how society, culture and natural resources are used to achieve a balanced sustainable tourism process.
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| 25. |
- Walter, Ute, 1960-, et al.
(author)
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The spatial distribution of gourmet restaurants
- 2022
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Routledge. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 22:4-5, s. 285-302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Restaurants provide arenas for tourists and locals to experience local food and gastronomy. However, the distribution of high-end restaurants is uneven, and a question is thus what characterizes the places where gourmet restaurants establish. The purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial distribution of gourmet restaurants in Sweden by identifying characteristics of places that attract gourmet restaurants. Innovation diffusion is used to explain the recent development of gourmet restaurants' geographical distribution. Empirically, the paper presents a geographical information system (GIS)-based analysis of the locations of gourmet restaurants in Sweden that were listed in the restaurant guide White Guide (whiteguide.se) during the period 2005-2016. Descriptive statistical methods are used to analyze the spatial distribution of gourmet restaurants in relation to a range of socioeconomic variables representing place characteristics. Results show that restaurants are increasingly found all over the country, although urban areas and tourism destinations dominate in growth. Furthermore, the presence of food processing industries coincides with gourmet restaurants' geography. The conclusion that there is a relationship between food processing companies and gourmet restaurants suggests a need for further research on restaurants' use of local food products and consequences this has on local and regional development.
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