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- Dunham, I, et al.
(författare)
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The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 402:6761, s. 489-495
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- Gonzalez-Cadavid, NF, et al.
(författare)
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Organization of the human myostatin gene and expression in healthy men and HIV-infected men with muscle wasting
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 95:25, s. 14938-14943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a genetic determinant of skeletal muscle growth. Mice and cattle with inactivating mutations of myostatin have marked muscle hypertrophy. However, it is not known whether myostatin regulates skeletal muscle growth in adult men and whether increased myostatin expression contributes to wasting in chronic illness. We examined the hypothesis that myostatin expression correlates inversely with fat-free mass in humans and that increased expression of the myostatin gene is associated with weight loss in men with AIDS wasting syndrome. We therefore cloned the human myostatin gene and cDNA and examined the gene’s expression in the skeletal muscle and serum of healthy and HIV-infected men. The myostatin gene comprises three exons and two introns, maps to chromosomal region 2q33.2, has three putative transcription initiation sites, and is transcribed as a 3.1-kb mRNA species that encodes a 375-aa precursor protein. Myostatin is expressed uniquely in the human skeletal muscle as a 26-kDa mature glycoprotein (myostatin-immunoreactive protein) and secreted into the plasma. Myostatin immunoreactivity is detectable in human skeletal muscle in both type 1 and 2 fibers. The serum and intramuscular concentrations of myostatin-immunoreactive protein are increased in HIV-infected men with weight loss compared with healthy men and correlate inversely with fat-free mass index. These data support the hypothesis that myostatin is an attenuator of skeletal muscle growth in adult men and contributes to muscle wasting in HIV-infected men.
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- Wamala, SP, et al.
(författare)
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Potential explanations for the educational gradient in coronary heart disease: a population-based case-control study of Swedish women
- 1999
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Ingår i: American journal of public health. - : American Public Health Association. - 0090-0036 .- 1541-0048. ; 89:3, s. 315-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between educational attainment and coronary heart disease (CHD) and the factors that may explain this association. METHODS: This population-based case-control study included 292 women with CHD who were 65 years or younger and 292 age-matched controls. RESULTS: Compared with the adjusted odds ratio for CHD associated with college education, the age-adjusted odds ratio associated with mandatory education (< or = 9 years) was 1.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 2.84) and the odds ratio for high school education was 1.35 (95% CI = 0.81, 2.25) (P for trend < .01). The odds ratio for mandatory education was reduced by 82%, to 1.16 (95% CI = 0.69, 2.09), after adjustment for psychosocial stress, unhealthy lifestyle patterns, hemostatic factors, hypertension, and lipids. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the increased risk of CHD in women with low education appears to be linked to psychosocial stress and lifestyle factors. Hemostatic factors, lipids, and hypertension also contribute to a lesser extent. These factors may be considered in strategies geared to reducing socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular health.
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| 36. |
- MORALES, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Localization of choline acetyltransferase in rat peripheral sympathetic neurons and its coexistence with nitric oxide synthase and neuropeptides
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 92:25, s. 11819-11823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indirect immunofluorescence methods using a mouse monoclonal antibody raised to rat choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) revealed dense networks of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers in the superior cervical ganglion, the stellate ganglion, and the celiac superior mesenteric ganglion of the rat. Numerous and single ChAT-immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the stellate and superior cervical ganglia, respectively. The majority of ChAT-immunoreactive fibers in the stellate and superior cervical ganglia were nitric oxide synthase (NOS) positive. Some ChAT-immunoreactive fibers contained enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Virtually all ChAT-positive cell bodies in the stellate ganglion were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive, and some were calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive. After transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk almost all ChAT- and NOS-positive fibers and most enkephalin- and CGRP-positive fibers disappeared in the superior cervical ganglion. The results suggest that most preganglionic fibers are cholinergic and that the majority of these in addition can release nitric oxide, some enkephalin, and a few CGRP. Acetylcholine, VIP, and CGRP are coexisting messenger molecules in some postganglionic sympathetic neurons.
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- Rapp, S., et al.
(författare)
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Near room-temperature continuous-wave operation of electrically pumped 1.55 ÎŒm vertical cavity lasers with InGaAsP/InP bottom mirror
- 1999
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Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - 0013-5194 .- 1350-911X. ; 35:1, s. 49-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first near room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of a vertical cavity laser based on an epitaxial InGaAsP/InP bottom mirror is reported. The structure employs a package of nine strain compensated GaInAsP quantum wells and a wafer-fused GaAs/AlGaAs top mirror. For a 10 Όm diameter device, the threshold current is 6mA and the input threshold power is 21mW. The maximum operating temperature is 17 and 101°C for CW and pulsed conditions, respectively. © IEE 1999.
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- Spackman, MA, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of intermolecular interactions on multipole-refined electron densities
- 1999
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Ingår i: ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A. - : MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD. ; 55
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work examines the effect of intermolecular interactions on molecular properties derived from simulated X-ray diffraction data. Model X-ray data are computed from a superposition of ab initio molecular electron densities in the crystal, as well as fr
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| 45. |
- Thomas, N, et al.
(författare)
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Osiris - The optical, spectroscopic and infrared remote imaging system for the Rosetta orbiter
- 1998
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Ingår i: SPACE EXPLORATION OF THE OUTER SPACE SOLAR SYSTEM AND COMETARY NUCLEI. - : PERGAMON PRESS LTD. - 0273-1177. ; 21:11, s. 1505-1515
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The scientific objectives, design, and implementation of the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) for the International Rosetta Mission are described. The instrument comprises two camera systems with a common electronics box
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