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| 9. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 10. |
- Acharyya, A., et al.
(författare)
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Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 111, s. 35-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the major next-generation observatory for ground-based veryhigh-energy gamma-ray astronomy. It will improve the sensitivity of current ground-based instruments by a factor of five to twenty, depending on the energy, greatly improving both their angular and energy resolutions over four decades in energy (from 20 GeV to 300 TeV). This achievement will be possible by using tens of imaging Cherenkov telescopes of three successive sizes. They will be arranged into two arrays, one per hemisphere, located on the La Palma island (Spain) and in Paranal (Chile). We present here the optimised and final telescope arrays for both CTA sites, as well as their foreseen performance, resulting from the analysis of three different large-scale Monte Carlo productions.
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- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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- Olaizola, B., et al.
(författare)
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High-sensitivity study of levels in Al-30 following beta decay of Mg-30
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 94:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- gamma-ray and fast-timing spectroscopy were used to study levels in Al-30 populated following the beta(-) decay of Mg-30. Five new transitions and three new levels were located in Al-30. A search was made to identify the third 1(+) state expected at an excitation energy of similar to 2.5 MeV. Two new levels were found, at 3163.9 and 3362.5 keV, that are firm candidates for this state. Using the advanced time-delayed (ATD) beta gamma gamma (t) method we have measured the lifetime of the 243.8-keV state to be T-1/2 = 15(4) ps, which implies that the 243.8-keV transition is mainly of M1 character. Its fast B(M1; 2(+) -> 3(+)) value of 0.10(3) W.u. is in very good agreement with the USD shell-model prediction of 0.090 W.u. The 1801.5-keV level is the only level observed in this study that could be a candidate for the second excited 2(+) state.
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- Wain, Louise V., et al.
(författare)
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Novel Blood Pressure Locus and Gene Discovery Using Genome-Wide Association Study and Expression Data Sets From Blood and the Kidney
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hypertension. - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 70:3, s. e4-e19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has a substantial genetic contribution. Genetic variation influencing blood pressure has the potential to identify new pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. To discover additional novel blood pressure loci, we used 1000 Genomes Project-based imputation in 150 134 European ancestry individuals and sought significant evidence for independent replication in a further 228 245 individuals. We report 6 new signals of association in or near HSPB7, TNXB, LRP12, LOC283335, SEPT9, and AKT2, and provide new replication evidence for a further 2 signals in EBF2 and NFKBIA. Combining large whole-blood gene expression resources totaling 12 607 individuals, we investigated all novel and previously reported signals and identified 48 genes with evidence for involvement in blood pressure regulation that are significant in multiple resources. Three novel kidney-specific signals were also detected. These robustly implicated genes may provide new leads for therapeutic innovation.
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| 17. |
- Coenen, Heinz H., et al.
(författare)
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Consensus nomenclature rules for radiopharmaceutical chemistry - Setting the record straight
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 55, s. V-XI
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over recent years, within the community of radiopharmaceutical sciences, there has been an increased incidence of incorrect usage of established scientific terms and conventions, and even the emergence of 'self-invented' terms. In order to address these concerns, an international Working Group on 'Nomenclature in Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and related areas' was established in 2015 to achieve clarification of terms and to generate consensus on the utilisation of a standardised nomenclature pertinent to the field. Upon open consultation, the following consensus guidelines were agreed, which aim to: Provide a reference source for nomenclature good practice in the radiopharmaceutical sciences. Clarify the use of terms and rules concerning exclusively radiopharmaceutical terminology, i.e. nuclear-and radiochemical terms, symbols and expressions. Address gaps and inconsistencies in existing radiochemistry nomenclature rules. Provide source literature for further harmonisation beyond our immediate peer group (publishers, editors, IUPAC, pharmacopoeias, etc.).
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| 24. |
- Kirschner, A. K. T., et al.
(författare)
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Multiparametric monitoring of microbial faecal pollution reveals the dominance of human contamination along the whole Danube River
- 2017
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354. ; 124, s. 543-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbial faecal pollution of rivers has wide-ranging impacts on a variety of human activities that rely on appropriate river water quality. Thus, detailed knowledge of the extent and origin of microbial faecal pollution is crucial for watershed management activities to maintain safe water use. In this study, the microbial faecal pollution levels were monitored by standard faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) along a 2580 km stretch of the Danube, the world's most international river, as well as the Danube's most important tributaries. To track the origin of faecal pollution, host-associated Bacteroidetes genetic faecal marker qPCR assays for different host groups were applied in concert with. SFIB. The. spatial resolution analysis was followed by a time resolution analysis of faecal pollution patterns over 1 year at three selected sites. In this way, a comprehensive faecal pollution map of the total length of the Danube was created, combining substantiated information on both the extent and origin of microbial faecal pollution. Within the environmental data matrix for the river, microbial faecal pollution constituted an independent component and did not cluster with any other measured environmental parameters. Generally, midstream samples representatively depicted the microbial pollution levels at the respective river sites. However, at a few, somewhat unexpected sites, high pollution levels occurred in the lateral zones of the river while the midstream zone had good water quality. Human faecal pollution was demonstrated as the primary pollution source along the whole river, while animal faecal pollution was of minor importance. This study demonstrates that the application of host-associated genetic microbial source tracking markers in concert with the traditional concept of microbial faecal pollution monitoring based on SFIB significantly enhances the knowledge of the extent and origin of microbial faecal pollution patterns in large rivers. It constitutes a powerful tool to guide target-oriented water quality management in large river basins. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 26. |
- Savio, Domenico, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial diversity along a 2600 km river continuum
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 17:12, s. 4994-5007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterioplankton diversity in large rivers has thus far been under-sampled despite the importance of streams and rivers as components of continental landscapes. Here, we present a comprehensive dataset detailing the bacterioplankton diversity along the midstream of the Danube River and its tributaries. Using 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing, our analysis revealed that bacterial richness and evenness gradually declined downriver in both the free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities. These shifts were also supported by beta diversity analysis, where the effects of tributaries were negligible in regards to the overall variation. In addition, the river was largely dominated by bacteria that are commonly observed in freshwaters. Dominated by the acI lineage, the freshwater SAR11 (LD12) and the Polynucleobacter group, typical freshwater taxa increased in proportion downriver and were accompanied by a decrease in soil and groundwater-affiliated bacteria. Based on views of the meta-community and River Continuum Concept, we interpret the observed taxonomic patterns and accompanying changes in alpha and beta diversity with the intention of laying the foundation for a unified concept for river bacterioplankton diversity.
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| 28. |
- Mach, H., et al.
(författare)
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On the enhanced E1 transitions in the K=3/2 parity doublet band in Ra-223
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 52:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have applied the fast timing beta gamma gamma(t) technique to remeasure lifetimes of selected states in Ra-223 populated in the beta(-) decay of Fr-223. T-1/2 = 587(12) ps and 210(13) ps have been obtained for the 3/2(-) and 5/2(-) states at 50.1 and 79.7 keV, that are more accurate than the previous values of 630(70) ps and 166(55) ps, respectively. Our vertical bar D0 vertical bar value of 0.155(10) e.fm obtained for the K = 3/2 configuration together with the available values of vertical bar D0 vertical bar for the K = 1/2 and K = 5/2 parity doublet bands establish the configuration dependence of vertical bar D0 vertical bar at low spins in this nucleus. Results of theoretical calculations performed for Ra-223, using the quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) with inclusion of the Coriolis coupling, reasonably well reproduce octupole correlations in this nucleus.
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| 29. |
- Mach, Henryk, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast-timing lifetime measurements in Ru-94 and Pd-96 : Breakdown of the seniority scheme in N=50 isotones
- 2017
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9985. ; 95:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advanced time-delayed gamma gamma(t) method has been applied to determine half-lives of low-lying states in the N = 50 isotones Ru-94 and Pd-96. The inferred experimental E2 strengths for the 4(+) -> 2(+) transitions in the two nuclei show a dramatic deviation with respect to the shell model predictions in the (f(5/2), p, g(9/2)) proton hole space in Sn-100. The anomalous behavior can be ascribed to a breakdown of the seniority quantum number in the pi g(9/2)(n) configuration due to particle-hole excitations across the N = Z = 50 shell as confirmed by large-scale shell model calculations.
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- Ruchowska, E., et al.
(författare)
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Search for octupole correlations in Nd-147
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 92:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Properties of excited states in Nd-147 have been studied with the multispectra and gamma gamma coincidencemeasurements. Twenty-four new gamma lines and three new levels have been introduced into the level scheme of Nd-147. Using the advanced time-delayed beta gamma gamma(t) method, we measured lifetimes of eight excited levels in Nd-147, populated via the beta decay of Pr-147. We have determined reduced transition probabilities for 30 gamma transitions. Multidimensional potential energy surface calculations performed for Nd-147 suggest two single-quasiparticle configurations with nonzero octupole deformation, with K = 1/2 and K = 5/2. Our calculations also predict a sizable value of the electric dipole moment vertical bar D-0 vertical bar = 0.26e fm for this nucleus, while experimentally, a lower limit of vertical bar D-0 vertical bar >= 0.02e fm has been evaluated for the supposed K = 1/2 parity doublet. In contrast to the theoretical results, we do not observe the parity doublet bands with K = 5/2. This, and the lack of theoretically expected E1 strength in Nd-147,Nd-149 may signal some poorly understood structural effect in the odd-N lanthanides.
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