| 1. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(author)
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Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
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In: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Barthelmie, R., Larsen, G., Bergström, H., Magnusson, M., Schlez,W., Rados, K., Lange, B., Vølund, P., Neckelmann, S., Christensen, L., Schepers, G., Hegberg, T., Folkerts, L.
(author)
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ENDOW:Efficient Development of Offshore Windfarms.
- 2002
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In: Wind Engineering. ; 25:5, s. 263-270
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 6. |
- Hagmar, L, et al.
(author)
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Health effects of occupational exposure to acrylamide using hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of internal dose
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 27:4, s. 219-226
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the health effects of occupational acrylamide exposure using hemoglobin (Hb) adducts as biomarkers of internal dose. METHODS: Two hundred and ten tunnel workers exposed for about 2 months to a chemical-grouting agent containing acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide underwent a health examination. Blood samples were drawn for the analysis of Hb adducts of acrylamide. Fifty workers claiming recently developed or deteriorated symptoms of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were referred to a neurophysiological examination. Workers with Hb-adduct levels exceeding 0.3 nmol/g globin attended follow-up examinations 6, 12, and 18 months after exposure cessation. RESULTS: Forty-seven workers had Hb-adduct levels within the normal background range (0.02-0.07 nmol/g globin), while the remaining 163 had increased levels up to a maximum of 17.7 nmol/g globin. Clear-cut dose-response associations were found between the Hb-adduct levels and PNS symptoms. Thirty-nine percent of those with Hb-adduct levels exceeding 1 nmol/g globin experienced tingling or numbness in their hands or feet. A no-observed adverse effect level of 0.51 nmol/g globin was estimated for numbness or tingling in the feet or legs. For 23 workers there was strong evidence of PNS impairment due to occupational exposure to acrylamide. All but two had recovered 18 months after the cessation of exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to a grouting agent containing acrylamide resulted in PNS symptoms and signs. The use of Hb adducts of acrylamide as a biomarker of internal dose revealed strong dose-response associations. The PNS symptoms were, however, generally mild, and in almost all cases they were reversible.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundström, Ulla, et al.
(author)
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Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries
- 2000
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In: Geoderma. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 94:04-feb, s. 335-353
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geochemical, mineralogical, micromorphological, microbiological, hydrochemical and hpdrological joint investigations were performed at two coniferous podzolic sites in the north of Sweden and at one in the south of Finland. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to create numerous pens (3-10-mu m diameter) in many weatherable mineral grains in the eluvial (E) horizon. During the growing season, identified low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids such as citric, shikimic, oxalic and fumaric acids comprised 0.5-5% of the DOC and 0.5-15% of the total acidity in soil solutions. Between 20% and 40% of the dissolved Al was bound to the identified LMW organic acids. Mineral dissolution via complexing LMW acids, probably exuded in part by the mycorrhiza hyphae, is likely to be a major weathering process in podzols. We found no evidence for a decreasing C/metal ratio of the migrating organo-metal complexes that could explain the precipitation of secondary Fe and AL in the illuvial (B) horizon. Instead, microbial degradation of organic ligands resulting in the release of ionic,Al and Fe to the soil solution may he an important process facilitating the formation of solid Al-SI-OH and Fe-OH phases in the podzol B horizon. However, within the B horizon transport as proto-imogilite (PI) sols might be possible. In the B horizon, the extractable,Al and Fe was predominantly inorganic. The large specific surface area (SSA) removable by oxalate extraction, the high point of zero charge salt effect (PZSE), the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the high sulphate exchange capacity (SEC), painted to the presence of short-range ordered variable charge phases. Imogolite type material (ITM) was indeed identified in all B horizons by IR spectroscopy and crystalline imogolite was found in the deep B horizon of one profile. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated that Fe in the form of ferrihydrite was formed by intergrowth with an Al-Si-OH phase. The high amounts of Fe and Al transported from the O to the E horizon indicate that there could be an upward transport of these elements before they are leached to the B horizon. We hypothesize that the LMW Al complexes an transported by hyphae to the mor (O) layer, partly released and subsequently complexed by high molecular weight (HMW) acids.
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| 9. |
- Magnusson, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Importance of CpG dinucleotides in activation of natural IFN-alpha-producing cells by a lupus-related oligodeoxynucleotide
- 2001
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 54:6, s. 543-550
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) 5-TTTTCAATTCGAAGATGAAT-3 (ODN H), identified in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serum, induced the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when combined with lipofectin. Flow cytometric analysis with staining for surface antigens and intracellular IFN-alpha, showed that the IFN-alpha -producing cells (IPC) were the natural IPC, also termed type 2 dendritic cell precursors (pDC2) or plasmacytoid monocytes. The importance of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides for the interferogenic activity of ODN was studied. Methylation of CpG impaired the activity of single-stranded (ss) ODN H, but increased that of the complementary ssODN I. Furthermore, CpG-methylated double-stranded (ds) ODN H-met-I-met lost, but hemimethylated dsODN H-I-met retained interferogenic activity. Inversion of the CpG to GpC had no effect on the interferogenic activity of ssODN H, increased that of ssODN I, however abolished the activity of dsODN H-I. Alteration of the CpG in ODN H to ApG and in the ODN I to CpT destroyed their activity. The induction of IFN-alpha is therefore sequence-specific, but unmethylated CpGs are not always required, especially not in ssODNs. Interferogenic DNA sequences could therefore be more frequent in eukaryotic genomes than previously thought and their capacity to activate natural IPC may have implications for immune responses to microbial antigens and nuclear autoantigens.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Magnusson, Per, et al.
(author)
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Monoclonal antibodies against tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase : Report of the ISOBM TD9 Workshop
- 2002
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In: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 23:4, s. 228-248
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue-nonspecific (liver/bone/kidney) alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) were investigated in the ISOBM TD-9 Workshop. These MAbs were generated with antigens obtained from human bone tissue (n = 9), human osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS-2 and TPX, n = 7) and human liver tissue (n = 3). The evaluation included the following antigen forms: (a) commercially available preparations of human bone ALP (BALP) and liver ALP (LALP), (b) human BALP isoforms, B/I, B1 and B2, and (c) soluble secreted epitope-tagged recombinant human TNALP (setTNALP) expressed in COS-1, osteosarcoma (SaOS-2) and hepatoma (Huh2) cell lines. In addition, 16 TNALP mutant cDNAs corresponding to a wide spectrum of reported hypophosphatasia mutations were used in an attempt to map specific immunoreactive epitopes on the surface of the TNALP molecule. The TD-9 MAbs were evaluated by immunoradiometric (IRMA) assays, cross-inhibition and different enzyme immunoassay designs. No indications of explicit tissue discriminatory immunoreactivities of the investigated MAbs against TNALP were found. However, certain IRMA combinations of MAbs increased the specificity of BALP measurements. All MAbs bound to the three BALP isoforms B/I, B1 and B2, but none of the investigated MAbs were specific for any of the isoforms. Significant differences were, however, found in immunoreactivity between these isoforms, with cross-reactivities ranging from 21 to 109% between the two major BALP isoforms B1 and B2. Desialylation with neuraminidase significantly increased the MAb affinity for the BALP isoforms B/I, B1 and B2, and also decreased the observed differences in cross-reactivity between these isoforms. We suggest, therefore, that the MAb affinity is dependent on the amount/number of terminal sialic acid residues located at the five putative N-glycosylation sites. Based on the overall results, we present a putative three-dimensional model of the TNALP molecule with positioning of the four major antigenic domains (designated A-D) of the investigated MAbs. The TNALP molecule is depicted as a homodimer, hence most, but not necessarily all, epitopes are displayed twice. The antigenic domains were positioned with the following assumptions: domain A was positioned close to the active site since most of these MAbs interfered with the catalytic activity. Interestingly, both MAbs included in the commercial BALP kits were grouped with domain A. Moreover, 4 of the 5 putative N-glycosylation sites (with terminal sialic acid residues) are located within, or with close proximity to, domain A. Domain B was localized at the top flexible loop (crown domain) of the TNALP molecule. Domain C was clearly defined by the IRMA assay combinations and by site-directed mutants of TNALP to be close to residue E281, which is located near the fourth metal binding site, likely to be occupied by a calcium ion. Domain D was positioned close to residues A115, A162 and E174, but this domain was also close to the GPI anchor site. In conclusion, none of the 19 investigated TD-9 MAbs were entirely specific for BALP or LALP, thus indicating that all MAbs bind mainly to epitopes on the common protein core of BALP and LALP and/or common glycosylated epitopes. However, some MAbs (either single or in combination with other MAbs) work sufficiently well to measure BALP when the assayed samples do not contain elevated levels of LALP. Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ohlsson, B. J., et al.
(author)
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Size-, shape-, and position-controlled GaAs nano-whiskers
- 2001
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 79:20, s. 3335-3337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have developed a technique for the synthesis of size-selected, GaAs, epitaxial nano-whiskers, grown on a crystalline substrate. As catalysts, we used size-selected gold aerosol particles, which enabled us to fully vary the surface coverage independently of the whisker diameter. The whiskers were rod shaped, with a uniform diameter between 10 and 50 nm, correlated to the size of the catalytic seed. Furthermore, by the use of nano-manipulation of the aerosol particles by means of atomic force microscopy, we can nucleate individual nano-whiskers in a controlled manner at specific positions on a substrate with accuracy on the nm level.
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| 14. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(author)
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Genome screening of coeliac disease
- 2002
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In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 39:5, s. 328-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 15. |
- Popat, S, et al.
(author)
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Variation in the CTLA4/CD28 gene region confers an increased risk of coeliac disease
- 2002
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In: Annals of Human Genetics. - : Wiley. - 1469-1809 .- 0003-4800. ; 66:2, s. 125-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Susceptibility to coeliae disease involves HLA and non-HLA-linked genes. The CTLA4/CD28 gene region encodes immune regulatory T-cell surface molecules and is a strong candidate as a susceptibility locus. We evaluated CTLA4/CD28 in coeliac disease by genetic linkage and association and combined Our findings with published studies through a meta-analysis. 116 multiplex families were genotyped across CTLA4/CD28 using eight markers. The contribution of CTLA4/CD28 to coeliac disease was assessed by non-parametric linkage and association analyses. Seven studies were identified that had evaluated the relationship between CTLA4/CD28 and coeliac disease and a pooled analysis of data undertaken. In our study there was evidence for a relationship between variation in the CTLA4/CD28 region and coeliae disease by linkage and association analyses. However. the findings did not attain formal statistical significance (p=0.004 and 0.039. respectively). Pooling findings with published results showed significant evidence for linkage (504 families) and association (910 families) : p values. 0.0001 and 0.0014 at D2S2214. respectively. and 0.0008 and 0.0006 at D2S116, respectively. These findings suggest that variation in the CD28/CTLA4 gene region is a determinant of coeliac disease susceptibility. Dissecting the sequence variation underlying this relationship will depend on further analyses utilising denser sets of markers.
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| 16. |
- Andersson, I., et al.
(author)
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Human MxA Protein Inhibits the Replication of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
- 2004
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In: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 78:8, s. 4323-4329
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) belongs to the genus Nairovirus within the family Bunyaviridae and is the causative agent of severe hemorrhagic fever. Despite increasing knowledge about hemorrhagic fever viruses, the factors determining their pathogenicity are still poorly understood. The interferon-induced MxA protein has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on several members of the Bunyaviridae family, but the effect of MxA against CCHFV has not previously been studied. Here, we report that human MxA has antiviral activity against CCHFV. The yield of progeny virus in cells constitutively expressing MxA was reduced up to 1,000-fold compared with control cells, and accumulation of viral genomes was blocked. Confocal microscopy revealed that MxA colocalizes with the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of CCHFV in the perinuclear regions of infected cells. Furthermore, we found that MxA interacted with NP by using a coimmunoprecipitation assay. We also found that an amino acid substitution (E645R) within the C-terminal domain of MxA resulted in a loss of MxA antiviral activity and, concomitantly, in the capacity to interact with CCHFV NP. These results suggest that MxA, by interacting with a component of the nucleocapsid, prevents replication of CCHFV viral RNA and thereby inhibits the production of new infectious virus particles.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergenholtz, Gunnar, 1939, et al.
(author)
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Sveriges ledande position inom odontologisk forskning hotas
- 2003
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In: Tandläkartidn. ; 9, s. 60-61
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nationella samordningsgruppens aktiviteter syftar till att: - identifiera forskningsmiljöer som kan stärkas genom nationell koordinering - sammanföra yngre forskare från olika forskningsmiljöer - sammanföra etablerade forskare men yngre forskare - stimulera till forskningssamarbete på ett nationellt plan
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Carlsson, FHC, et al.
(author)
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Neutron irradiation of 4H SiC
- 2001
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In: SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS. - 0255-5476. ; 353, s. 555-558
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Falkeholm, L, et al.
(author)
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Xylene-free method for histological preparation : A multicentre evaluation
- 2001
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In: Laboratory Investigation. - 0023-6837 .- 1530-0307. ; 81:9, s. 1213-1221
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The backbone of daily pathological diagnostic work is the paraffin section. Paraffin sections are still prepared by methods largely unchanged for over 150 years. A xylene-free method has been developed that excludes xylene, not only as the intermediate step before the paraffin baths, but also for deparaffinizing of the cut sections, which also eliminates the need for rehydration and dehydration for the staining and mounting steps. Elimination of xylene from tissue processing cuts costs, saves time, and improves the laboratory environment. Experience with xylene-free sections since 1995 at the Vrinnevi Hospital is favorable. Our opinion is that the xylene-free sections are equivalent to conventionally processed sections. To test this hypothesis, nine pathologists from three hospitals participated in an evaluation trial. Paired tissue blocks from 10 consecutively submitted samples each of breast, intestine, and skin were processed by either the xylene-free or the conventional method. Sections from each block were deparaffinized and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and with van Gieson's method. A randomized mix of 180 sections (10 samples x 3 tissues x 3 stains x 2) gave 90 matched pairs. Each section was blindly examined and scored by nine pathologists to give 810 paired observations for statistical evaluation. The xylene-free sections were ranked as good as or better than their conventional counterparts in 74% of the comparisons, and poorer in 26%. The major discriminating factor was the staining method. H&E and PAS sections were equivalent. The xylene-free van Gieson sections, cut from the same blocks and randomly assigned to this stain, tended to be downgraded. This could be traced to a faulty stain solution used for this batch. The overall results have demonstrated professional acceptance for the xylene-free method of processing histological sections.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Gumaelius, L., et al.
(author)
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Comamonas denitrificans sp nov., an efficient denitrifying bacterium isolated from activated sludge
- 2001
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In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 51, s. 999-1006
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To find a biomarker for denitrification in activated sludge, five denitrifying strains isolated from three wastewater treatment plants were studied. These strains were selected from among 1500 isolates for their excellent denitrifying properties. They denitrify quickly and have no lag phase when switching from aerobic to anoxic conditions. All strains have the cd(1)-type of nitrite reductase. The strains are Gram-negative rods and they all grow as filamentous chains when cultivated in liquid solution. The strains differ in colony morphology when grown on nutrient agar. Almost full-length 16S rDNA sequences were determined and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these strains are positioned among members of the genus Comamonas in the beta -subclass of the Proteobacteria. Signature nucleotides and bootstrap percentages were also analysed to verify this position. Strains 110, 123(T), 2.99g, 5.38g and P17 were less than or equal to 96.7 % similar to known strains, but greater than or equal to 99.7 % similar to each other, as judged from their 16S rDNA sequences, and grouped tightly together in the phylogenetic tree. Sequence motifs in the 16S rRNA gene were also found, suggesting the monophyletic origin of these strains. Nevertheless, some strains differed from the others, for example strain 110 branches early from the other strains and 5.38g is phenotypically more inert. Therefore, it is proposed that strains 110, 123(T), 2.99g and P17 are classified into a new species, Comamonas denitrificans sp. nov., while the taxonomic status of strain 5.38g will have to await the outcome of further studies. The type strain of Comamonas denitrificans is 123(T) (ATCC 700936(T)).
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| 29. |
- Hagfeldt, A., et al.
(author)
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A system approach to molecular solar cells
- 2004
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In: Coordination chemistry reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-8545 .- 1873-3840. ; 248:13-14, s. 1501-1509
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper gives an overview of the research and development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) within the Swedish research program 'Angstrom Solar Center'. A path towards low production cost is the development of a continuous process, which allows the production of solar cells in large volumes and with a high productivity. We have developed a deposition method for the production of the mesoporous TiO2, electrode layer that is based on compression of a powder film at room temperature. This technique allows us to use flexible substrates-a prerequisite fora continuous process. A novel interconnect technology, compatible with a continuous production process, is described. Stability data of plastic DSC, exposed to indoor light for more than 10,000 h, demonstrates the possibility for the technology to be explored for various types of indoor applications. Optimization of the DSC is a challenging task as it is a complex highly interacting molecular system. A system approach is proposed, where the complete DSC is investigated with a series of measurement techniques ('toolbox') that allows the study of the internal processes under relevant conditions. Two examples of such techniques are given.
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| 30. |
- Haraldsson, P, et al.
(author)
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Dose response characteristics and basic dose distribution data for a polymerization-based dosemeter gel evaluated using MR
- 2000
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In: British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 73:865, s. 58-65
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A safe and reproducible mixing procedure for the manufacture of a polymerization-based dosemeter gel evaluated using MRI (PoMRI) is presented. The dose response, obtained by irradiating gel-filled vials with absorbed doses in the interval 0-20 Gy and evaluated with respect to 1/T2, was found to be linear in the interval 0-8 Gy, with a sensitivity of 0.211 s-1Gy-1 (r2 = 0.998) at 1.5 T. Evaluation of the same set of vials with respect to 1/T1 gave a sensitivity of 0.018 s-1Gy-1 (r2 = 0.960). PoMRI and diode data were compared for standard photon and electron treatment beams. A deviation of less than 3% was found between the two methods for central depth dose curves as well as dose profiles (2 mm for electrons in the steep dose gradient regions). The importance of the method used for background correction for the reliability of the results was also evaluated. Barex (with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm) was investigated for use as phantom material and found to be favourable compared with glass. The results obtained in this study show that PoMRI has excellent potential as a 3D detector.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Junestav, Malin, 1971-
(author)
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Arbetslinjer i svensk socialpolitisk debatt och lagstiftning 1930-2001
- 2004
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis has been to analyse the conception of the Swedish “work strategy” (arbetslinjen). This principle, or political idea, has been central in Sweden’s economic, employment as well as social policy since (at least) the inter war era. The purpose has been to detangle and dissect the ideas behind an almost sacred political principle, hardly ever questioned or challenged by political actors or scholars. Through studies of political debates and decision- and policy-making, the issue has been to reach an insight into how this particular set of ideas, gathered together in the conception of “the work strategy”, has been understood and how this influenced policy-making. In this thesis it has been shown the conception of “the work strategy” and its realisation is linked to Social Democratic economic policy since the 1930s and the full employment programs designed in the 1950s. The political ideas included in this principle, though, have deeper roots in the history of social and poor relief policy institutions. The theoretical assumption is that certain political ideas have such a strong position among politicians, no matter what their ideological residence, that it is broadly speaking impossible to implement political proposals that challenge these ideas.
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| 34. |
- Karlberg, Mikael, et al.
(author)
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The effects of galvanic stimulation on the human vestibulo-ocular reflex
- 2000
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In: NeuroReport. - 1473-558X. ; 11:17, s. 3897-3901
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We studied the effects of 5 mA bilateral or unilateral, bipolar or monopolar, galvanic stimulation on the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (hVOR) in six normal subjects during 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Hz yaw rotations and in two subjects during high-acceleration, low-amplitude yaw head rotations (head impulses). Bipolar galvanic stimulation induced horizontal nystagmus in all subjects and an asymmetry of the hVOR only during rotations below 0.1 Hz. Monopolar stimulation had no significant effect. The findings suggest that in humans galvanic stimulation affects those primary horizontal semicircular canal neurons that mediate the hVOR via indirect pathways through the velocity storage mechanism.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Kovacsovics, Bea, 1963-, et al.
(author)
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3D FSE T2 MR bilder vid ponsvinkelundersökningar
- 2000
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In: Vårmöte i Linköping 18-19/5 2000 / Svensk förening för otorhinolaryngologi, huvud halskirurgi,2000.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Larsson, Matz L., et al.
(author)
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Passive smoking and respiratory symptoms in the FinEsS Study
- 2003
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In: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 21:4, s. 672-676
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and respiratory symptoms. In 1996, a postal questionnaire was randomly distributed in three areas of Estonia to a population-based sample, of which 4,995 females and 1,822 males had never smoked. The main outcome measures were current respiratory symptoms and the amount of reported ETS exposure outside the home. ETS exposure at home was more common in females (31% versus 19%), while exposure outside of the home was more common in males (53% versus 7%). Females reported more symptoms from tobacco smoke than males (37.7% versus 21.6%). If ETS exposure outside of the home exceeded 5 h daily, the risk for wheeze (odds ratio (OR) 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-3.61) and physician-diagnosed asthma (OR 1.79, 1.02-3.16) were increased. ETS exposure outside of the home was shown to be strongly related to almost all respiratory symptoms in a dose/response manner. ETS exposure at home did not show significantly elevated ORs for any respiratory symptoms. This study shows that females seem to be more troubled by environmental smoke exposure than males and provides further evidence of the serious health hazards associated with environmental smoke exposure. Indeed, the findings of this study support a ban on smoking in the workplace and public areas.
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| 44. |
- Lindholm, L, et al.
(author)
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Genetic re-targeting of adenovirus using a hyperstable scFv domain and an affibody (R) molecule against Her2/neu
- 2004
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In: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0016 .- 1525-0024. ; 9, s. S250-S250
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One important goal in gene therapy is to develop adenovirus (Ad) vectors that are genetically de-targeted as well as re-targeted. Genetic re-targeting of Ad using complex cell-binding ligands has previously not been possible. We have previously demonstrated that ligands for genetic re-targeting of adenoviruses must be able to fold correctly in the cytoplasm of virus producing cells, a milieu that is not conducive to the formation of disulphide bonds. Here, we describe functional Ad5 viruses with fibers and pIX capsid proteins genetically modified to contain two types of complex ligands. One is affibody® molecules, corresponding to small (6 kDa) binding proteins developed by combinatorial protein engineering using a single three-helix bundle staphylococcal protein A domain. The other type is hyperstable antibody scFv domains. The affibody molecule used here (ZH2N) is directed against Her2/neu. Recombinant viruses were constructed with ZH2N in three different positions: (i) at the C-terminus of shaft repeat 7 of de-knobbed fibers; (ii) at the C-terminus of pIX; and (iii) in the HI-loop of the fiber knob. Each of the viruses exhibited a characteristic phenotype regarding fiber content, growth and ability to infect Her2/neu expressing cells. In order to test the potentials of scFv liganded Ad vectors, a hyperstable antibody scFv against b-galactosidase was genetically incorporated into knobless fibers, in tandem with a mutated protein A domain reactive with IgG1 Fc that targeted the virus to Fc-expressing 293 cells. These fibers could be rescued into viable virions that retained the original antigen binding specificity of the scFv, demonstrating the basic potential of hyperstable scFvs for genetic re-targeting of Ad. Quite unexpectedly, the fiber content of Ad with knobless, scFv containing fibers was close to normal in contrast to other Ad with knobless fibers that generally has a much reduced fiber content. The hyperstable scFv was further fused to the C-terminus of the capsid protein pIX. The recombinant molecules could be rescued into viable viruses with wt fibers. The scFv retained its binding-specificity on the recombinant virions. The results demonstrate that, contrary to current beliefs, it is possible to construct Ad that genetically incorporates functional scFvs and other complex ligands into the virus fiber and pIX. The feasibility is demonstrated by the creation of different viruses that are re-targeted to Her2/neu. These viruses are currently in pre-clinical development.
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- Magnusson, AnneLiese, et al.
(author)
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Glucose metabolism in the human preterm and term placenta tusof IUGR fees
- 2004
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In: Placenta. ; 25:4, s. 337-46
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many fetuses suffering from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are hypoglycaemic. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. An increased placental glucose consumption in IUGR could impair glucose transfer across the placenta. In this study we used two different approaches to investigate glucose metabolism in preterm and term placentae of IUGR fetuses. We determined activity and protein expression of the three rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes phosphofructo kinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (HXK) in a cytoplasmic fraction of homogenates of placentae obtained from IUGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies. Protein expression was assessed using Western blot and enzyme activities were determined in a spectrophotometer by measuring the rate of NADH oxidation (PFK and PK) or NADP reduction (HXK) in enzyme reactions coupled to the respective enzyme. To determine the distribution of the glycolytic enzymes immunocytochemistry was performed. We also measured glucose consumption and lactate production in fresh placental villous tissue using a perifusion system. The expression of PFK, PK and HXK as well as the activity of PK and HXK was unaltered in IUGR placentae. The activity of PFK on the other hand was 32 per cent lower in IUGR placentae (n=24, P<0.05). Immunocytochemistry confirmed the distribution of the enzymes to the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast. Placental glucose consumption in IUGR [0.06+/-0.01 micromol/(min*g), n=5] was not different from AGA [0.06+/-0.005 micromol/(min*g), n=12], whereas lactate production was decreased by 28 per cent in IUGR. These results do not support the hypothesis of increased placental glucose consumption but suggest an altered glycolytic pathway in the IUGR placenta.
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