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| 4. |
- Kristan, M., et al.
(författare)
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The Eighth Visual Object Tracking VOT2020 Challenge Results
- 2020
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Ingår i: Computer Vision. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030682378 ; , s. 547-601
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2020 is the eighth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 58 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The VOT2020 challenge was composed of five sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2020 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2020 challenge focused on “real-time” short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2020 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance, (iv) VOT-RGBT2020 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2020 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. Only the VOT-ST2020 datasets were refreshed. A significant novelty is introduction of a new VOT short-term tracking evaluation methodology, and introduction of segmentation ground truth in the VOT-ST2020 challenge – bounding boxes will no longer be used in the VOT-ST challenges. A new VOT Python toolkit that implements all these novelites was introduced. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net ).
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| 5. |
- Dareng, EO, et al.
(författare)
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Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk
- 2022
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Ingår i: European journal of human genetics : EJHG. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5438 .- 1018-4813. ; 30:3, s. 349-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, “select and shrink for summary statistics” (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28–1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08–1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21–1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35–1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.
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| 6. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nguyen, Thanh N, et al.
(författare)
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Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: A 1-Year Follow-up.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines in stroke admission, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), IVT, and mechanical thrombectomy over a 1-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020).We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, IVT treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the 1 year immediately before compared with 138,453 admissions during the 1-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% CI [95% CI 7.1-6.9]; p < 0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8% [5.1-4.6]; p < 0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1% [6.4-5.8]; p < 0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high-volume compared with low-volume centers (all p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7% [0.6-0.9]; p = 0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31-1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82-2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations.There was a global decline and shift to lower-volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year.This study is registered under NCT04934020.
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| 9. |
- Barnes, DR, et al.
(författare)
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Breast and Prostate Cancer Risks for Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers Using Polygenic Risk Scores
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 114:1, s. 109-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRecent population-based female breast cancer and prostate cancer polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed. We assessed the associations of these PRS with breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers.Methods483 BRCA1 and 1318 BRCA2 European ancestry male carriers were available from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). A 147-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prostate cancer PRS (PRSPC) and a 313-SNP breast cancer PRS were evaluated. There were 3 versions of the breast cancer PRS, optimized to predict overall (PRSBC), estrogen receptor (ER)–negative (PRSER-), or ER-positive (PRSER+) breast cancer risk.ResultsPRSER+ yielded the strongest association with breast cancer risk. The odds ratios (ORs) per PRSER+ standard deviation estimates were 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.07 to 1.83) for BRCA1 and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.16 to 1.52) for BRCA2 carriers. PRSPC was associated with prostate cancer risk for BRCA1 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28 to 2.33) and BRCA2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.91) carriers. The estimated breast cancer odds ratios were larger after adjusting for female relative breast cancer family history. By age 85 years, for BRCA2 carriers, the breast cancer risk varied from 7.7% to 18.4% and prostate cancer risk from 34.1% to 87.6% between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the PRS distributions.ConclusionsPopulation-based prostate and female breast cancer PRS are associated with a wide range of absolute breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. These findings warrant further investigation aimed at providing personalized cancer risks for male carriers and informing clinical management.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hakkaart, C, et al.
(författare)
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Copy number variants as modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1, s. 1061-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contribution of germline copy number variants (CNVs) to risk of developing cancer in individuals with pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants remains relatively unknown. We conducted the largest genome-wide analysis of CNVs in 15,342 BRCA1 and 10,740 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. We used these results to prioritise a candidate breast cancer risk-modifier gene for laboratory analysis and biological validation. Notably, the HR for deletions in BRCA1 suggested an elevated breast cancer risk estimate (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21), 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 1.09–1.35) compared with non-CNV pathogenic variants. In contrast, deletions overlapping SULT1A1 suggested a decreased breast cancer risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.91) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers. Functional analyses of SULT1A1 showed that reduced mRNA expression in pathogenic BRCA1 variant cells was associated with reduced cellular proliferation and reduced DNA damage after treatment with DNA damaging agents. These data provide evidence that deleterious variants in BRCA1 plus SULT1A1 deletions contribute to variable breast cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers.
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| 12. |
- Lundgren, S, et al.
(författare)
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Somatic mutations in lymphocytes in patients with immune-mediated aplastic anemia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 35:115, s. 1365-1379
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence and functional impact of somatic mutations in nonleukemic T cells is not well characterized, although clonal T-cell expansions are common. In immune-mediated aplastic anemia (AA), cytotoxic T-cell expansions are shown to participate in disease pathogenesis. We investigated the mutation profiles of T cells in AA by a custom panel of 2533 genes. We sequenced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of 24 AA patients and compared the results to 20 healthy controls and whole-exome sequencing of 37 patients with AA. Somatic variants were common both in patients and healthy controls but enriched to AA patients’ CD8+ T cells, which accumulated most mutations on JAK-STAT and MAPK pathways. Mutation burden was associated with CD8+ T-cell clonality, assessed by T-cell receptor beta sequencing. To understand the effect of mutations, we performed single-cell sequencing of AA patients carrying STAT3 or other mutations in CD8+ T cells. STAT3 mutated clone was cytotoxic, clearly distinguishable from other CD8+ T cells, and attenuated by successful immunosuppressive treatment. Our results suggest that somatic mutations in T cells are common, associate with clonality, and can alter T-cell phenotype, warranting further investigation of their role in the pathogenesis of AA.
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| 13. |
- Ogunbode, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Climate anxiety, wellbeing and pro-environmental action : Correlates of negative emotional responses to climate change in 32 countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Academic Press. - 0272-4944 .- 1522-9610. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the correlates of climate anxiety in a diverse range of national contexts. We analysed cross-sectional data gathered in 32 countries (N = 12,246). Our results show that climate anxiety is positively related to rate of exposure to information about climate change impacts, the amount of attention people pay to climate change information, and perceived descriptive norms about emotional responding to climate change. Climate anxiety was also positively linked to pro-environmental behaviours and inversely related to mental wellbeing. Notably, climate anxiety had a significant inverse association with mental wellbeing in 31 out of 32 countries, and with pro-environmental behaviour in 24 countries, it only predicted environmental activism in 12 countries. Our findings highlight contextual boundaries to engagement in environmental action as an antidote to climate anxiety, and the broad international significance of negative climate-related emotions as a plausible threat to wellbeing.
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| 18. |
- Yan, C., et al.
(författare)
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Size-dependent influence of NOx on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science Advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 6:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.
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| 20. |
- Brandau, Benedikt, et al.
(författare)
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Angular dependence of coaxial and quasi-coaxial monitoring systems for process radiation analysis in laser materials processing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Optics and lasers in engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0143-8166 .- 1873-0302. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process monitoring is becoming increasingly important in laser-based manufacturing and is of particular importance in the field of additive manufacturing [e.g. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)]. Process monitoring enables a reduction of production costs and a lower time-to-market. Furthermore, the data can be used to create a digital twin of the workpiece. There are already many established processing head-integrated monitoring systems for such applications as the multispectral analysis of process radiation. However, the monitoring of complex signals in systems with F-Theta scanner lenses is very challenging and requires specially adapted optics or measuring sensors.In this paper a potential arrangement for spectroscopy-based process monitoring in pre-objective scanning is presented. The process radiation was monitored using a coaxial and a quasi-coaxial observation system. The measurements were carried out on both a solid and a powder coated sample of 2.4668 (Inconel 718) to show the potential use of these systems in laser-based additive manufacturing. In order to obtain comprehensive data about the process signal, the process zone was analyzed at different angles of incidence (AOI) of the laser using a high-speed camera (HSI) and a spectrometer. The connection between the HSI and the spectral measurements is discussed. The ionization of the material and the formation of a plasma was observed and found to lose intensity as the angle of incidence increases. A model of the system that demonstrates the intensity of the emitted radiation of the plasma was created. It enables the measured values to be corrected. The corrected measurement data can be used to detect impurities or a non-ideal energy input across the entire processing field, which is a move towards robust process monitoring.
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| 21. |
- Coppo, Rosanna, et al.
(författare)
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Is there long-term value of pathology scoring in immunoglobulin A nephropathy? : A validation study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) update
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 35:6, s. 1002-1009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unknown whether renal pathology lesions in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) correlate with renal outcomes over decades of follow-up.Methods: In 1130 patients of the original Validation Study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) cohort, we studied the relationship between the MEST score (mesangial hypercellularity, M; endocapillary hypercellularity, E; segmental glomerulosclerosis, S; tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, T), crescents (C) and other histological lesions with both a combined renal endpoint [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss or kidney failure] and the rate of eGFR decline over a follow-up period extending to 35 years [median 7 years (interquartile range 4.1-10.8)].Results: In this extended analysis, M1, S1 and T1-T2 lesions as well as the whole MEST score were independently related with the combined endpoint (P < 0.01), and there was no effect modification by age for these associations, suggesting that they may be valid in children and in adults as well. Only T lesions were associated with the rate of eGFR loss in the whole cohort, whereas C showed this association only in patients not treated with immunosuppression. In separate prognostic analyses, the whole set of pathology lesions provided a gain in discrimination power over the clinical variables alone, which was similar at 5 years (+2.0%) and for the whole follow-up (+1.8%). A similar benefit was observed for risk reclassification analyses (+2.7% and +2.4%).Conclusion: Long-term follow-up analyses of the VALIGA cohort showed that the independent relationship between kidney biopsy findings and the risk of progression towards kidney failure in IgAN remains unchanged across all age groups and decades after the renal biopsy.
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| 23. |
- Gu, Chaoyi, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 and-6 Fatty Acids Alter the Membrane Lipid Composition and Vesicle Size to Regulate Exocytosis and Storage of Catecholamines
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE. - 1948-7193. ; 15:4, s. 816-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two essential fatty acids, alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, and the higher unsaturated fatty acids synthesized from them are critical for the development and maintenance of normal brain functions. Deficiencies of these fatty acids have been shown to cause damage to the neuronal development, cognition, and locomotor function. We combined electrochemistry and imaging techniques to examine the effects of the two essential fatty acids on catecholamine release dynamics and the vesicle content as well as on the cell membrane phospholipid composition to understand how they impact exocytosis and by extension neurotransmission at the single-cell level. Incubation of either of the two fatty acids reduces the size of secretory vesicles and enables the incorporation of more double bonds into the cell membrane structure, resulting in higher membrane flexibility. This subsequently affects proteins regulating the dynamics of the exocytotic fusion pore and thereby affects exocytosis. Our data suggest a possible pathway whereby the two essential fatty acids affect the membrane structure to impact exocytosis and provide a potential treatment for diseases and impairments related to catecholamine signaling.
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| 25. |
- Johnstone, Devon L., et al.
(författare)
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Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy due to biallelic pathogenic variants in PIGQ : Report of seven new subjects and review of the literature
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. - : Wiley. - 0141-8955 .- 1573-2665. ; 43:6, s. 1321-1332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated seven children from six families to expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with an early infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Q (PIGQ) gene. The affected children were all identified by clinical or research exome sequencing. Clinical data, including EEGs and MRIs, was comprehensively reviewed and flow cytometry and transfection experiments were performed to investigate PIGQ function. Pathogenic biallelic PIGQ variants were associated with increased mortality. Epileptic seizures, axial hypotonia, developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies were consistently observed. Seizure onset occurred between 2.5 months and 7 months of age and varied from treatable seizures to recurrent episodes of status epilepticus. Gastrointestinal issues were common and severe, two affected individuals had midgut volvulus requiring surgical correction. Cardiac anomalies including arrythmias were observed. Flow cytometry using granulocytes and fibroblasts from affected individuals showed reduced expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Transfection of wildtype PIGQ cDNA into patient fibroblasts rescued this phenotype. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of PIGQ-related disease and provide the first functional evidence in human cells of defective GPI-anchoring due to pathogenic variants in PIGQ.
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| 26. |
- Mai, Tam T., et al.
(författare)
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An overview of grid-edge control with the digital transformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Electrical Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0487 .- 0948-7921. ; 103:4, s. 1989-2007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Distribution networks are evolving to become more responsive with increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and digital transformation at the grid edges. This evolution imposes many challenges to the operation of the network, which then calls for new control and operation paradigms. Among others, a so-called grid-edge control is emerging to harmonise the coexistence of the grid control system and DER’s autonomous control. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the grid-edge control with various control architectures, layers, and strategies. The challenges and opportunities for such an approach at the grid edge with the integration of DERs and digital transformation are summarised. The potential solutions to support the network operation by using the inherent controllability of DER and the availability of the digital transformation at the grid edges are discussed.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Pham, Thi Anh Mai, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of screening algorithms to detect rectal colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a resource-limited setting
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAC - Antimicrobial Resistance. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2632-1823. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To improve and rationalize the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in rectal swabs in a high-prevalence and resource-constrained setting, addressing surveillance challenges typically encountered in laboratories with limited resources.Methods A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted on 15 August 2022, in a provincial children's hospital in northern Vietnam. Rectal swab samples of all admitted children were collected and plated on a selective medium for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed by MALDI-TOF, and VITEK2 XL and interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints (2022). Carbapenemases were detected by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Results Rectal swab samples were obtained from 376 patients. Of 178 isolates growing on the CRE screening agar, 140 isolates were confirmed as Enterobacterales of which 118 (84.3%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and/or ertapenem. CIM and PCR showed that 90/118 (76.3%) were carbapenemase producers. Overall, 83/367 (22.6%) were colonized by CPE. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex were the most common CPE detected, with NDM as the predominant carbapenemase (78/90; 86.7%). Phenotypic resistance to meropenem was the best predictor of CPE production (sensitivity 85.6%, specificity 100%) compared with ertapenem resistance (95.6% sensitivity, 36% specificity). CIM was 100% concordant with PCR in detecting carbapenemases.Conclusions These findings underscore the effectiveness of meropenem resistance as a robust indicator of the production of carbapenemases and the reliability of the CIM method to detect such carbapenemases in resource-limited settings where the performance of molecular methods is not possible.
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| 29. |
- Philipsen, Mai H., et al.
(författare)
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Distinct Cholesterol Localization in Glioblastoma Multiforme Revealed by Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - 1948-7193. ; 14:9, s. 1602-1609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults and is highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapies. GBM has been associated with alterations in lipid contents, but lipid metabolism reprogramming in tumor cells is not fully elucidated. One of the key hurdles is to localize the lipid species that are correlated with tumor growth and invasion. A better understanding of the localization of abnormal lipid metabolism and its vulnerabilities may open up to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to spatially probe the lipid composition in a GBM biopsy from two regions with different histopathologies: one region with most cells of uniform size and shape, the homogeneous part, and the other with cells showing a great variation in size and shape, the heterogeneous part. Our results reveal elevated levels of cholesterol, diacylglycerols, and some phosphatidylethanolamine in the homogeneous part, while the heterogeneous part was dominated by a variety of fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol species. We also observed a high expression of cholesterol in the homogeneous tumor region to be associated with large cells but not with macrophages. Our findings suggest that ToF-SIMS can distinguish in lipid distribution between parts within a human GBM tumor, which can be linked to different molecular mechanisms.
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| 30. |
- Philipsen, Mai H., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the chemistry of hair strands by mass spectrometry imaging - A Review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1420-3049 .- 1420-3049. ; 26:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hair can record chemical information reflecting our living conditions, and, therefore, strands of hair have become a potent analytical target within the biological and forensic sciences. While early efforts focused on analyzing complete hair strands in bulk, high spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has recently come to the forefront of chemical hair-strand analysis. MSI techniques offer a localized analysis, requiring fewer de-contamination procedures per default and making it possible to map the distribution of analytes on and within individual hair strands. Applying the techniques to hair samples has proven particularly useful in investigations quantifying the exposure to, and uptake of, toxins or drugs. Overall, MSI, combined with optimized sample preparation protocols, has improved precision and accuracy for identifying several elemental and molecular species in single strands of hair. Here, we review different sample preparation protocols and use cases with a view to make the methodology more accessible to researchers outside of the field of forensic science. We conclude that-although some challenges remain, including contamination issues and matrix effects-MSI offers unique opportunities for obtaining highly resolved spatial information of several compounds simultaneously across hair surfaces.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Philipsen, Mai H., 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Mass Spectrometry Imaging Shows Modafinil, A Student Study Drug, Changes the Lipid Composition of the Fly Brain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie-International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 60:32, s. 17378-17382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modafinil, a widely used psychoactive drug, has been shown to exert a positive impact on cognition and is used to treat sleep disorders and hyperactivity. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging, we studied the changes of brain lipids of Drosophila melanogaster induced by modafinil to gain insight into the functional mechanism of modafinil in the brain. We found that upon modafinil treatment, the abundance of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species in the central brain of Drosophila is significantly decreased, whereas the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol in the brains show significant enhancement compared to the control flies. The alteration of brain lipids caused by modafinil is consistent with previous studies about cognition-related drugs and offers a plausible mechanism regarding the action of modafinil in the brain as well as a potential target for the treatment of certain disorders.
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| 33. |
- Ranjbari, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Combined electrochemistry and mass spectrometry imaging to interrogate the mechanism of action of modafinil, a cognition-enhancing drug, at the cellular and sub-cellular level
- 2021
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Ingår i: QRB Discovery. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2633-2892. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (A) Microscope view during the intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry experiment (scale bar = 20 μm). (B) Normalised frequency histogram for the number of molecules stored in vesicles in control (blue) and modafinil-Treated cells (red). The distribution fits are shown for control cells with a dashed line and modafinil-Treated cells with a solid line. (C) Average of the number of molecules stored per vesicle in PC12 cells treated without (control) or with 10 μM modafinil. Number of analysed cells: control cells (15 cells) and modafinil-Treated cells (18 cells). The results were compared by a two-Tailed Mann-Whitney rank-sum test,*p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and***p < 0.001. ©
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| 34. |
- Rice, H., et al.
(författare)
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Speed and surface steepness affect internal tibial loading during running
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Health Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2095-2546 .- 2213-2961. ; 13:1, s. 118-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Internal tibial loading is influenced by modifiable factors with implications for the risk of stress injury. Runners encounter varied surface steepness (gradients) when running outdoors and may adapt their speed according to the gradient. This study aimed to quantify tibial bending moments and stress at the anterior and posterior peripheries when running at different speeds on surfaces of different gradients. Methods: Twenty recreational runners ran on a treadmill at 3 different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 3.5 m/s) and gradients (level: 0%; uphill: +5%, +10%, and +15%; downhill: –5%, –10%, and –15%). Force and marker data were collected synchronously throughout. Bending moments were estimated at the distal third centroid of the tibia about the medial–lateral axis by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1% of stance. Stress was derived from bending moments at the anterior and posterior peripheries by modeling the tibia as a hollow ellipse. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were conducted using both functional and discrete statistical analyses. Results: There were significant main effects for running speed and gradient on peak bending moments and peak anterior and posterior stress. Higher running speeds resulted in greater tibial loading. Running uphill at +10% and +15% resulted in greater tibial loading than level running. Running downhill at –10% and –15% resulted in reduced tibial loading compared to level running. There was no difference between +5% or –5% and level running. Conclusion: Running at faster speeds and uphill on gradients ≥+10% increased internal tibial loading, whereas slower running and downhill running on gradients ≥–10% reduced internal loading. Adapting running speed according to the gradient could be a protective mechanism, providing runners with a strategy to minimize the risk of tibial stress injuries.
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| 35. |
- Stavnsbo, Mette, et al.
(författare)
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Does an obesogenic family environment moderate the association between sports participation and body composition in children? The ENERGY project
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 18:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research on the association between sports participation and body composition has shown mixed findings. The family home is considered one of the most influential environments on childhood obesity. Thus, the association between sports participation and body composition in children may be influenced by an obesogenic home environment. Objectives: To investigate if an obesogenic family environment moderates the association between sports participation and body composition in children.Methods: A total of 3999 children (54% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) and their parent(s) were included from the ENERGY project. A composite obesogenic family environment risk score was created from 10 questionnaire items. Height, weight (to calculate body mass index), and waist circumference were obtained by trained researchers and used as indicators of body composition.Results: The composite risk score significantly moderated the association between sports participation and both waist circumference and body mass index. In children from families with moderate and high obesogenic risk, organized sports participation was significantly associated with smaller waist circumference (moderate risk: −0.29, 95% CI −0.45 to −0.14; high risk: −0.46, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.25) and lower body mass index (moderate risk: −0.10, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.04; high risk: −0.14, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.06), but not in children with a low obesogenic family risk score.Conclusions: Enrolling children in sports activities from an early age can be important for healthy weight maintenance, especially among children from obesogenic family environments.
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| 36. |
- Tran, Minh Quan, et al.
(författare)
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MPC-Based Coordinated Voltage Control in LV Distribution Systems: A Case Study in Chalmers Campus Network
- 2023
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings - 2023 IEEE Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering, EEE-AM 2023.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents detailed analysis results of a model predictive control (MPC)-based coordinated voltage control demonstrated in a real low voltage network, the Chalmers campus in Sweden. First, the modeling of the MPC is presented, and the state space mode is obtained by linearization of the power flow equation around the operation point. Thus, an updated voltage vector in the grid is calculated through the sensitivity gain corresponding to reactive power deviation in the grid. Second, the developed MPC model is integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) platform developed under the European FlexiGrid project. The state measurements in the Chalmers campus network are collected through the IoT platform as the input for the MPC model. Then, the optimal setpoints for distributed energy resources (DERs) are calculated and sent to DERs via the IoT platform. Lastly, onsite demonstration results are analyzed, showing the performance of the MPC-based voltage control in low-voltage distribution systems.
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| 37. |
- Tran, Minh Quan, et al.
(författare)
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Self-adaptive Controllers for Renewable Energy Communities Based on Transformer Loading Estimation
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2022 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC / I and CPS Europe 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, self-adaptive controllers for renewable energy communities based on data-driven approach are proposed to mitigate the voltage rise and transformer congestion at the community level. In the proposed approach, the transformer loading percentage is estimated by the trained data-driven model, which uses the extreme gradient boosting regression algorithm based on a measurement set acquired from critical coupling points of the communities. To avoid voltage rise issues, the droop control parameters (i.e., voltage threshold for P - V, Q - V curves) are adaptively tuned based on the solar irradiance availability and estimated transformer loading. The proposed approach has been tested in the IEEE European LV distribution network. Results showed that the control approach could effectively reduce 22.2 % of the total overloaded instances, while still keeping voltage magnitude in the operation range. This method can help DSOs manage voltage violation and congestion without further communication.
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| 38. |
- Vismarra, F., et al.
(författare)
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Isolated Attosecond Pulse Generation Driven by Spatio-Temporal Pulse Reshaping in a Semi-infinite Gas Cell
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023. - 9798350345995
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is an ubiquitous tool of great interest in many fields of research from imaging to ultrafast spectroscopy [1]. In its most common implementation, an intense (≈ 1014 W/cm2) infrared (IR) pulse is focused on a noble gas target yielding a train of attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region. By adopting proper strategies and target geometries, it is possible to isolate an attosecond pulse out of the train. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of isolated attosecond pulses by spatio-temporal reshaping of few-cycle IR driving pulses in a semi-infinite gas cell. We combine numerical simulations and experiments to investigate the interplay between the spatio-temporal reshaping of the driving field, the generation of harmonics and the isolation of an attosecond pulse.
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| 39. |
- Zawahir, S, et al.
(författare)
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Standardised patient study to assess tuberculosis case detection within the private pharmacy sector in Vietnam
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 6:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Of the estimated 10 million people affected by (TB) each year, one-third are never diagnosed. Delayed case detection within the private healthcare sector has been identified as a particular problem in some settings, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality and community transmission. Using unannounced standardised patient (SP) visits to the pharmacies, we aimed to evaluate the performance of private pharmacies in the detection and treatment of TB.MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken at randomly selected private pharmacies within 40 districts of Vietnam. Trained actors implemented two standardised clinical scenarios of presumptive TB and presumptive multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Outcomes were the proportion of SPs referred for medical assessment and the proportion inappropriately receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. Logistic regression evaluated predictors of SPs’ referral.ResultsIn total, 638 SP encounters were conducted, of which only 155 (24.3%) were referred for medical assessment; 511 (80·1%) were inappropriately offered antibiotics. A higher proportion of SPs were referred without having been given antibiotics if they had presumptive MDR-TB (68/320, 21.3%) versus presumptive TB (17/318, 5.3%; adjusted OR=4.8, 95% CI 2.9 to 7.8). Pharmacies offered antibiotics without a prescription to 89.9% of SPs with presumptive TB and 70.3% with presumptive MDR-TB, with no clear follow-up plan.ConclusionsFew SPs with presumptive TB were appropriately referred for medical assessment by private pharmacies. Interventions to improve appropriate TB referral within the private pharmacy sector are urgently required to reduce the number of undiagnosed TB cases in Vietnam and similar high-prevalence settings.
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