| 1. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
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171 forskare: ”Vi vuxna bör också klimatprotestera”
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - Stockholm. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 26/9. Vuxna bör följa uppmaningen från ungdomarna i Fridays for future-rörelsen och protestera eftersom det politiska ledarskapet är otillräckligt. Omfattande och långvariga påtryckningar från hela samhället behövs för att få de politiskt ansvariga att utöva det ledarskap som klimatkrisen kräver, skriver 171 forskare i samhällsvetenskap och humaniora.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brändstedt, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D, PTH, and calcium and tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer: a prospective nested case-control study.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 27:1, s. 69-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D (25OHD) constitute a risk factor for more aggressive prostate cancer. We examined the relationship between pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium and risk of prostate cancer according to tumor aggressiveness.
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| 5. |
- Brändstedt, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D, PTH, and calcium in relation to survival following prostate cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 27:5, s. 669-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Epidemiological studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D constitute a risk factor for prostate cancer. However, the results are conflicting, perhaps because prostate cancer is a very heterogeneous disease. More recent studies have focused on cancer progression and mortality. Vitamin D is closely related to both calcium metabolism and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and all three factors have been implicated in prostate cancer.METHODS: We examined the associations between pre-diagnostic serum levels of vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, and calcium and mortality among 943 participants within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The mean time from diagnosis until the end of followup was 9.1 years (SD 4.5), and the mean time from inclusion until end of follow-up was 16.6 years (SD 4.9). The analytes were divided into quartiles, and the risk of death from prostate cancer was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analysis, yielding hazards ratios (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals. The models were adjusted for season and year of inclusion, age at baseline, age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), and tumor characteristics (TNM and Gleason score).RESULTS: We observed a trend toward a lower prostate-specific mortality with 25OHD >85 nmol/L in the unadjusted analysis. This became statistically significantly in the third quartile of 25OHD (85-102 nmol/L) compared to the first (<68 nmol/L), HR 0.54 (0.34-0.85) when adjusting for age, time of inclusion, and BMI. The association was further strengthened when adjusted for age at diagnosis, Gleason score, and TNM classification with a HR in Q3 0.36 (0.22-0.60). p for trend was 0.03. Regarding calcium, there was a significantly lower HR for the second quartile (2.35-2.39 mmol/L) compared to the first (≤2.34 mmol/L) with a HR of 0.54 (0.32-0.86) in the unadjusted analysis. However, this association disappeared when adjusting for tumor characteristics. There were no associations between levels of PTH and prostate cancer mortality.CONCLUSION: This study shows that levels of pre-diagnostic vitamin D above 85 nmol/L may improve survival in men with prostate cancer.
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| 6. |
- Malm, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term prediction of prostate cancer diagnosis and death using PSA and obesity related anthropometrics at early middle age: Data from the malmö preventive project
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 9:5, s. 5778-5785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To evaluate whether anthropometric parameters add to PSA measurements in middle-aged men for risk assessment of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and death. Results: After adjusting for PSA, both BMI and weight were significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa death with the odds of a death corresponding to a 10 kg/m2 or 10 kg increase being 1.58 (95% CI 1.10, 2.28; p = 0.013) and 1.14 (95% CI 1.02, 1.26; p = 0.016) times greater, respectively. AUCs did not meaningfully increase with the addition of weight or BMI to prediction models including PSA. Materials and Methods: In 1974 to 1986, 22,444 Swedish men aged 44 to 50 enrolled in Malmö Preventive Project, Sweden, and provided blood samples and anthropometric data. Rates of PSA screening in the cohort were very low. Documentation of PCa diagnosis and disease-specific death up to 2014 was retrieved through national registries. Among men with anthropometric measurements available at baseline, a total of 1692 men diagnosed with PCa were matched to 4190 controls, and 464 men who died of disease were matched to 1390 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to determine whether diagnosis or death from PCa were associated with weight and body mass index (BMI) at adulthood after adjusting for PSA. Conclusions: Men with higher BMI and weight at early middle age have an increased risk of PCa diagnosis and death after adjusting for PSA. However, in a multivariable numerical statistical model, BMI and weight do not importantly improve the predictive accuracy of PSA. Risk-stratification of screening should be based on PSA without reference to anthropometrics. © Assel et al.
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| 7. |
- Alveteg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Vad räknas som belägg för studenters måluppfyllelse?
- 2018
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Ingår i: 10:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferensen 2018. - 2003-3761 .- 2003-377X. ; 10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Universitetskanslerämbetet (UKÄ) ställer numera krav på svenska lärosäten att vi ska utvärdera oss själva. Vi på LTH bör då gemensamt försöka hitta sätt att uppfylla UKÄs krav som även ger de verktyg vi själva behöver för att förbättra våra utbildningars kvalitét.Hur tar vi reda på våra utbildningars styrkor och svagheter och vad vi kan göra för att förbättra dem ytterligare? Ett sätt är att undersöka hur väl studenterna uppfyller examensmålen. Vad som ska räknas som belägg för studenters måluppfyllelse är dock svårt, av flera olika skäl. Vår rekommendation blir att triangulera olika typer av belägg samt att tydligt involvera institutionerna i arbetet.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andrée, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Slutrapport för projektet Smart planering för byggande : Delprojekt 3 - BIM som informationsstöd för 3D fastighetsbildning
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samhällsbyggnadsprocessen behöver utvecklas och bli smartare, öppnare och mer effektiv för ett ökat bostadsbyggande. En digitalisering av samhällsbyggnadsprocessen kan ge ett effektivare samarbete mellan kommun, fastighetsägare, byggherrar, medborgare, näringsliv och myndigheter.Vid bildande av tredimensionellt avgränsade fastigheter eller fastighetsutrymmen (3D-fastigheter) behöver gränsernas läge redovisas både verbalt och i kartor och ritningar, detsamma gäller berörda rättigheter. Det är idag ofta svårt att korrekt redovisa en 3D-volym med enbart dagens pappersritningar och även svårt att läsa en registerkarta i 2D med fastigheter och rättigheter beslutade i 3D. Beslutsunderlagen i fastighetsbildnings-processen behöver bli mer enhetliga och entydiga samt fastighetsinformationen behöver bli återanvändningsbar i hela samhällsbyggnadsprocessen.I detta projekt har vi studerat informationsbehovet i de olika tidpunkterna under fastighetsbildningsprocessen för 3D-fastigheter med fokus på vem som är ansvarig för att tillhandahålla informationsunderlag för att identifiera krav på utformning av 3D-modeller (t.ex BIM) och 3D-stöd för fastighetsbildning.Internationellt finns det ett stort intresse och många frågeställningar gällande samspelet mellan BIM och Fastighetsinformation; det är däremot ganska få fall som har identifierats där man har arbetat praktiskt med BIM i relation till redovisning av 3D-fastigheter.Projektethar även tittat på behov av visualisering och tillhandahållande av fastighetsinformation i 3D, hur informationen bör utformas för att kunna tolkas korrekt samt nyttjas vidare av andra aktörer i samhällsbyggnadsprocessen.Slutsatsen i projektetär att en framtida arbetsmodell där man i samband med myndighetsutövningen för fastighetsbildning samverkar med stöd av BIM och geografisk information i ärendehandläggningen kan ge stora effekter på både myndighetens effektivitet och i ärendeutövningen och för förståelsen av fastighetbildningsbeslutet hos samtliga intressenter i processen. För att det arbete som genomförts i denna utredning skall få genomslag i den dagliga verksamheten rekommenderar vibland annatatt de statliga och kommunala lantmäterimyndigheterna arbetar vidare med att utveckla arbetsprocessen och rekommendationerna för 3D-fastighetsbildning baserat på resultatet från detta projekt och redan i dagens modell efterfrågar att man i handläggningsprocessen kan arbeta BIM-baserat även om kommande beslutshandlingar under en övergångsperiod fortfarande kommer att vara baserade på ritningsbilagor i 2D.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Banuazizi, Seyed Amir Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Order of magnitude improvement of nano-contact spin torque nano-oscillator performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3364 .- 2040-3372. ; 9:5, s. 1896-1900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin torque nano-oscillators (STNO) represent a unique class of nano-scale microwave signal generators and offer a combination of intriguing properties, such as nano sized footprint, ultrafast modulation rates, and highly tunable microwave frequencies from 100 MHz to close to 100 GHz. However, their low output power and relatively high threshold current still limit their applicability and must be improved. In this study, we investigate the influence of the bottom Cu electrode thickness (t(Cu)) in nano-contact STNOs based on Co/Cu/NiFe GMR stacks and with nano-contact diameters ranging from 60 to 500 nm. Increasing t(Cu) from 10 to 70 nm results in a 40% reduction of the threshold current, an order of magnitude higher microwave output power, and close to two orders of magnitude better power conversion efficiency. Numerical simulations of the current distribution suggest that these dramatic improvements originate from a strongly reduced lateral current spread in the magneto-dynamically active region.
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| 12. |
- Banuazizi, Seyed, et al.
(författare)
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Order of magnitude improvement of nano-contact spin torque nano-oscillator performance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Magnetics Conference, INTERMAG 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538610862
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spin torque nano-oscillators [1,2] (STNO) represent a unique class of nano-scale microwave signal generators where spin transfer torque [3-5] (STT) from a direct spin-polarized current drives and controls the auto-oscillation of the local free layer magnetization, which through its oscillating magnetoresistance transforms the direct current into a tunable microwave voltage.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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Improved survival prognostication of node-positive malignant melanoma patients utilizing shotgun proteomics guided by histopathological characterization and genomic data
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic melanoma is one of the most common deadly cancers, and robust biomarkers are still needed, e.g. to predict survival and treatment efficiency. Here, protein expression analysis of one hundred eleven melanoma lymph node metastases using high resolution mass spectrometry is coupled with in-depth histopathology analysis, clinical data and genomics profiles. This broad view of protein expression allowed to identify novel candidate protein markers that improved prediction of survival in melanoma patients. Some of the prognostic proteins have not been reported in the context of melanoma before, and few of them exhibit unexpected relationship to survival, which likely reflects the limitations of current knowledge on melanoma and shows the potential of proteomics in clinical cancer research.
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| 15. |
- Betancourt, Lazaro Hiram, et al.
(författare)
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The hidden story of heterogeneous B-raf V600E mutation quantitative protein expression in metastatic melanoma—association with clinical outcome and tumor phenotypes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 11:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In comparison to other human cancer types, malignant melanoma exhibits the greatest amount of heterogeneity. After DNA-based detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in melanoma patients, targeted inhibitor treatment is the current recommendation. This approach, however, does not take the abundance of the therapeutic target, i.e., the B-raf V600E protein, into consideration. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the protein expression profiles of metastatic melanomas clearly reveal the existence of inter-and intra-tumor variability. Nevertheless, the technique is only semi-quantitative. To quantitate the mutant protein there is a fundamental need for more precise techniques that are aimed at defining the currently non-existent link between the levels of the target protein and subsequent drug efficacy. Using cutting-edge mass spectrometry combined with DNA and mRNA sequencing, the mutated B-raf protein within metastatic tumors was quantitated for the first time. B-raf V600E protein analysis revealed a subjacent layer of heterogeneity for mutation-positive metastatic melanomas. These were characterized into two distinct groups with different tumor morphologies, protein profiles and patient clinical outcomes. This study provides evidence that a higher level of expression in the mutated protein is associated with a more aggressive tumor progression. Our study design, comprised of surgical isolation of tumors, histopathological characterization, tissue biobanking, and protein analysis, may enable the eventual delineation of patient responders/non-responders and subsequent therapy for malignant melanoma.
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| 16. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative platelet function is associated with severe bleeding in ticagrelor-treated patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 28:5, s. 709-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Preoperative testing of platelet function predicts bleeding risk in cardiac surgery patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy, but the value of postoperative platelet function testing, reflecting both preoperative antiplatelet therapy and perioperative changes in platelet function, has not been evaluated. Methods: Seventy-four patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor within 5 days before cardiac surgery were included in a prospective observational study. Platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid and thrombin receptor-activating peptide was assessed with multiple electrode impedance aggregometry immediately before surgery and 2 h after weaning off cardiopulmonary bypass. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine any association between platelet aggregation and severe bleeding according to the universal definition of perioperative bleeding in adult cardiac surgery. Results: Severe bleeding occurred in 25 of 74 patients (34%). Preoperative and postoperative adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregations were associated with bleeding, with comparable areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve [0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.89) vs 0.75 (0.62-0.87)]. Postoperative arachidonic acid-and thrombin receptor-activating peptide-induced aggregation had markedly smaller areas under the curve. There were significant correlations between preoperative and postoperative platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), arachidonic acid (r2 = 0.24, P < 0.001) and thrombin receptoractivating peptide (r2 = 0.21, P < 0.001) but with large interindividual variations. Conclusions: Poor postoperative platelet function was associated with severe bleeding, with accuracy comparable to that of preoperative platelet function. There was a correlation between preoperative and postoperative platelet function, but the predictability in an individual patient was limited. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Björklund, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary prevention medications after coronary artery bypass grafting and long-term survival : a population-based longitudinal study from the SWEDEHEART registry.
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:17, s. 1653-1661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To evaluate the long-term use of secondary prevention medications [statins, β-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, and platelet inhibitors] after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the association between medication use and mortality.METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients who underwent isolated CABG in Sweden from 2006 to 2015 and survived at least 6 months after discharge were included (n = 28 812). Individual patient data from SWEDEHEART and other mandatory nationwide registries were merged. Multivariable Cox regression models using time-updated data on dispensed prescriptions were used to assess associations between medication use and long-term mortality. Statins were dispensed to 93.9% of the patients 6 months after discharge and to 77.3% 8 years later. Corresponding figures for β-blockers were 91.0% and 76.4%, for RAAS inhibitors 72.9% and 65.9%, and for platelet inhibitors 93.0% and 79.8%. All medications were dispensed less often to patients ≥75 years. Treatment with statins [hazard ratio (HR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.52-0.60], RAAS inhibitors (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.84), and platelet inhibitors (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.69-0.81) were individually associated with lower mortality risk after adjustment for age, gender, comorbidities, and use of other secondary preventive drugs (all P < 0.001). There was no association between β-blockers and mortality risk (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.06; P = 0.54).CONCLUSION: The use of secondary prevention medications after CABG was high early after surgery but decreased significantly over time. The results of this observational study, with inherent risk of selection bias, suggest that treatment with statins, RAAS inhibitors, and platelet inhibitors is essential after CABG whereas the routine use of β-blockers may be questioned.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bright, David, et al.
(författare)
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Illicit Network Dynamics: The Formation and Evolution of a Drug Trafficking Network
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of quantitative criminology. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0748-4518 .- 1573-7799. ; 35:2, s. 237-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe project aims to: (1) investigate structural and functional changes in an Australian drug trafficking network across time to determine ways in which such networks form and evolve. To meet this aim, the project will answer the following research questions: (1) What social structural changes occur in drug trafficking networks across time? (2) How are these structural changes related to roles/tasks performed by network members? (3) What social processes can account for change over time in drug trafficking networks?MethodThe relational data on the network was divided into four two years periods. Actors were allocated to specific roles. We applied a stochastic actor-oriented model to explain the dynamics of the network across time. Using RSiena, we estimated a number of models with the key objectives of investigating: (1) the effect of roles only; (2) the endogenous effect of degree-based popularity (Matthew effect); (3) the endogenous effect of balancing connectivity with exposure (preference for indirect rather than direct connections); (4) how degree-based popularity is moderated by tendencies towards reach and exposure.ResultsPreferential attachment is completely moderated by a preference for having indirect ties, meaning that centralization is a result of actors preferring indirect connections to many others and not because of a preference for connecting to popular actors. Locally, actors seek cohesive relationships through triadic closure.ConclusionsActors do not seek to create an efficient network that is highly centralized at the expense of security. Rather, actors strive to optimize security through triadic closure, building trust, and protecting themselves and actors in close proximity through the use of brokers that offer access to the rest of the network.
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| 21. |
- Chen, Tingsu, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive and Macrospin-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junction Spin Torque Oscillator Model-Part I : Analytical Model of the MTJ STO
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 62:3, s. 1037-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) spin torque oscillators (STOs) have shown the potential to be used in a wide range of microwave and sensing applications. To evaluate the potential uses of MTJ STO technology in various applications, an analytical model that can capture MTJ STO's characteristics, while enabling system-and circuit-level designs, is of great importance. An analytical model based on macrospin approximation is necessary for these designs since it allows implementation in hardware description languages. This paper presents a new macrospin-based, comprehensive, and compact MTJ STO model, which can be used for various MTJ STOs to estimate the performance of MTJ STOs together with their application-specific integrated circuits. To adequately present the complete model, this paper is divided into two parts. In Part I, the analytical model is introduced and verified by comparing it against measured data of three different MTJ STOs, varying the angle and magnitude of the magnetic field, as well as the DC biasing current. The proposed analytical model is suitable for being implemented in Verilog-A and used for efficient simulations at device, circuit, and system levels. In Part II, the full Verilog-A implementation of the analytical model with accurate phase noise generation is presented and verified by simulations.
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| 22. |
- Chen, Tingsu, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive and Macrospin-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junction Spin Torque Oscillator Model-Part II : Verilog-A Model Implementation
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. - 0018-9383 .- 1557-9646. ; 62:3, s. 1045-1051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid development of the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) spin torque oscillator (STO) technology demands an analytical model to enable building MTJ STO-based circuits and systems so as to evaluate and utilize MTJ STOs in various applications. In Part I of this paper, an analytical model based on the macrospin approximation has been introduced and verified by comparing it with the measurements of three different MTJ STOs. In Part II, the full Verilog-A implementation of the proposed model is presented. To achieve a reliable model, an approach to reproducing the phase noise generated by the MTJ STO has been proposed and successfully employed. The implemented model yields a time domain signal, which retains the characteristics of operating frequency, linewidth, oscillation amplitude, and DC operating point, with respect to the magnetic field and applied DC current. The Verilog-A implementation is verified against the analytical model, providing equivalent device characteristics for the full range of biasing conditions. Furthermore, a system that includes an MTJ STO and CMOS RF circuits is simulated to validate the proposed model for system-and circuit-level designs. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model opens the possibility to explore STO technology in a wide range of applications.
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| 23. |
- Chen, Tingsu, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of GMR-based spin torque oscillators and CMOS circuitry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 111, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper demonstrates the integration of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin torque oscillators (STO) with dedicated high frequency CMOS circuits. The wire-bonding-based integration approach is employed in this work, since it allows easy implementation, measurement and replacement. A GMR STO is wire-bonded to the dedicated CMOS integrated circuit (IC) mounted on a PCB, forming a (GMR STO + CMOS IC) pair. The GMR STO has a lateral size of 70 nm and more than an octave of tunability in the microwave frequency range. The proposed CMOS IC provides the necessary bias-tee for the GMR STO, as well as electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection and wideband amplification targeting high frequency GMR STO-based applications. It is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, offers a measured gain of 12 dB, while consuming only 14.3 mW and taking a total silicon area of 0.329 mm(2). The measurement results show that the (GMR STO + CMOS IC) pair has a wide tunability range from 8 GHz to 16.5 GHz and improves the output power of the GMR STO by about 10 dB. This GMR STO-CMOS integration eliminates wave reflections during the signal transmission and therefore exhibits good potential for developing high frequency GMR STO-based applications, which combine the features of CMOS and STO technologies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 24. |
- Chen, Tingsu, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-Torque and Spin-Hall Nano-Oscillators
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 104:10, s. 1919-1945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the state of the art in spin-torque and spin-Hall-effect-driven nano-oscillators. After a brief introduction to the underlying physics, the authors discuss different implementations of these oscillators, their functional properties in terms of frequency range, output power, phase noise, and modulation rates, and their inherent propensity for mutual synchronization. Finally, the potential for these oscillators in a wide range of applications, from microwave signal sources and detectors to neuromorphic computation elements, is discussed together with the specific electronic circuitry that has so far been designed to harness this potential.
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| 25. |
- Eklund, Anders, 1986-
(författare)
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Microwave Frequency Stability and Spin Wave Mode Structure in Nano-Contact Spin Torque Oscillators
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nano-contact spin torque oscillator (NC-STO) is an emerging device for highly tunable microwave frequency generation in the range from 0.1 GHz to above 65 GHz with an on-chip footprint on the scale of a few μm. The frequency is inherent to the magnetic material of the NC-STO and is excited by an electrical DC current by means of the spin torque transfer effect. Although the general operation is well understood, more detailed aspects such as a generally nonlinear frequency versus current relationship, mode-jumping and high device-to-device variability represent open questions. Further application-oriented questions are related to increasing the electrical output power through synchronization of multiple NC-STOs and integration with CMOS integrated circuits.This thesis consists of an experimental part and a simulation part. Experimentally, for the frequency stability it is found that the slow but strong 1/f-type frequency fluctuations are related to the degree of nonlinearity and the presence of perturbing, unexcited modes. It is also found that the NC-STO can exhibit up to three propagating spin wave oscillation modes with different frequencies and can randomly jump between them. These findings were made possible through the development of a specialized microwave time-domain measurement circuit. Another instrumental achievement was made with synchrotron X-rays, where we image dynamically the magnetic internals of an operating NC-STO device and reveal a spin wave mode structure with a complexity significantly higher than the one predicted by the present theory.In the simulations, we are able to reproduce the nonlinear current dependence by including spin wave-reflecting barriers in the nm-thick metallic, magnetic free layer. A physical model for the barriers is introduced in the form of metal grain boundaries with reduced magnetic exchange coupling. Using the experimentally measured average grain size of 30 nm, the spin wave mode structure resulting from the grain model is able to reproduce the experimentally found device nonlinearity and high device-to-device variability.In conclusion, the results point out microscopic material grains in the metallic free layer as the reason behind the nonlinear frequency versus current behavior and multiple propagating spin wave modes and thereby as a source of device-to-device variability and frequency instability.
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| 26. |
- Ekman, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Increase of frontal neuronal activity in chronic neglect after training in virtual reality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 138:4, s. 284-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: A third of patients with stroke acquire spatial neglect associated with poor rehabilitation outcome. New effective rehabilitation interventions are needed. Scanning training combined with multisensory stimulation to enhance the rehabilitation effect is suggested. In accordance, we have designed a virtual-reality based scanning training that combines visual, audio and sensori-motor stimulation called RehAtt((R)). Effects were shown in behavioural tests and activity of daily living. Here, we use fMRI to evaluate the change in brain activity during Posners Cuing Task (attention task) after RehAtt((R)) intervention, in patients with chronic neglect.Methods: Twelve patients (mean age=72.7years, SD=6.1) with chronic neglect (persistent symptoms >6months) performed the interventions 3 times/wk during 5weeks, in total 15hours. Training effects on brain activity were evaluated using fMRI task-evoked responses during the Posners cuing task before and after the intervention.Results: Patients improved their performance in the Posner fMRI task. In addition, patients increased their task-evoked brain activity after the VR interventions in an extended network including pre-frontal and temporal cortex during attentional cueing, but showed no training effects during target presentations.Conclusions: The current pilot study demonstrates that a novel multisensory VR intervention has the potential to benefit patients with chronic neglect in respect of behaviour and brain changes. Specifically, the fMRI results show that strategic processes (top-down control during attentional cuing) were enhanced by the intervention. The findings increase knowledge of the plasticity processes underlying positive rehabilitation effects from RehAtt((R)) in chronic neglect.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Merging clinical chemistry biomarker data with a COPD database - building a clinical infrastructure for proteomic studies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proteome Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-5956. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data from biological samples and medical evaluations plays an essential part in clinical decision making. This data is equally important in clinical studies and it is critical to have an infrastructure that ensures that its quality is preserved throughout its entire lifetime. We are running a 5-year longitudinal clinical study, KOL-Örestad, with the objective to identify new COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) biomarkers in blood. In the study, clinical data and blood samples are collected from both private and public health-care institutions and stored at our research center in databases and biobanks, respectively. The blood is analyzed by Mass Spectrometry and the results from this analysis then linked to the clinical data. Method: We built an infrastructure that allows us to efficiently collect and analyze the data. We chose to use REDCap as the EDC (Electronic Data Capture) tool for the study due to its short setup-time, ease of use, and flexibility. REDCap allows users to easily design data collection modules based on existing templates. In addition, it provides two functions that allow users to import batches of data; through a web API (Application Programming Interface) as well as by uploading CSV-files (Comma Separated Values). Results: We created a software, DART (Data Rapid Translation), that translates our biomarker data into a format that fits REDCap's CSV-templates. In addition, DART is configurable to work with many other data formats as well. We use DART to import our clinical chemistry data to the REDCap database. Conclusion: We have shown that a powerful and internationally adopted EDC tool such as REDCap can be extended so that it can be used efficiently in proteomic studies. In our study, we accomplish this by using DART to translate our clinical chemistry data to a format that fits the templates of REDCap.
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| 29. |
- Ezzat, Kariem, et al.
(författare)
-
The viral protein corona directs viral pathogenesis and amyloid aggregation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial nanoparticles accumulate a protein corona layer in biological fluids, which significantly influences their bioactivity. As nanosized obligate intracellular parasites, viruses share many biophysical properties with artificial nanoparticles in extracellular environments and here we show that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) accumulate a rich and distinctive protein corona in different biological fluids. Moreover, we show that corona pre-coating differentially affects viral infectivity and immune cell activation. In addition, we demonstrate that viruses bind amyloidogenic peptides in their corona and catalyze amyloid formation via surface-assisted heterogeneous nucleation. Importantly, we show that HSV-1 catalyzes the aggregation of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta(42)), a major constituent of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease, in vitro and in animal models. Our results highlight the viral protein corona as an acquired structural layer that is critical for viral-host interactions and illustrate a mechanistic convergence between viral and amyloid pathologies.
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| 30. |
- Fredriksson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Attendance numbers at SI/PASS sessions – how do they affect learning conditions?
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are there any constraints on the number of participants allowing viable conditions for collaborative learning at SI-sessions? The manuals give little or no guidance in this regard and there seems to be no consensus amongst practitioners. In the literature, furthermore, the number of participants at typical SI-sessions is very rarely reported. As SI-leaders often are paid and good candidates may be hard to find, it is often tempting to maximize the number of attendees at an SI-session. Nevertheless, it seems reasonable to assume that the students’ learning experience may suffer if the number of participants is too great. The conditions for good collaborative learning may also suffer if the number of participating students is too low. The aim of the present study is to address the range of participants to allow for good collaborative learning conditions at an SI-session. The research questions are the following:When does the number of attendees become too small or too large for fruitful sessions with respect to student learning? And why is that so?Is there an optimum number of attendees at an SI/PASS session with respect to student learning? To answer these questions we conducted a survey and received answers from approximately 200 SI-leaders and SI-participants. The results show that the lower limit for a viable group size was estimated at roughly 4–5, and the upper limit at 16–19. The optimum size was estimated at 10–12 attendees. Both attendees and SI-leaders feel that an attendance below 4–5 students may affect student learning negatively. Why is that so? Not surprisingly, the main reason from both groups is that the discussions may suffer. There may be too few points of view or too little combined knowledge. Furthermore, some SI-leaders express concern that they become too prominent in the discussions, which may affect the students’ active learning negatively. It is also apparent that both participants and SI-leaders feel that there is an upper boundary in number of attendees to have a fruitful SI-session. According to participants, the two main obstacles for fruitful SI-sessions when the number of attendees become too high are 1) a noisy environment with a lack of order and 2) hindering active participation from attendees. The second reason is echoed to a high extent by SI-leaders. According to SI-leaders, the difficulties they experience to obtain a good structure and overview of a crowded meeting may also impact the students’ learning experience negatively.
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| 31. |
- Frohm, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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A peptide from human semenogelin I self-assembles into a pH-responsive hydrogel.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-6848 .- 1744-683X. ; 11:2, s. 414-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peptide GSFSIQYTYHV derived from human semenogelin I forms a transparent hydrogel through spontaneous self-assembly in water at neutral pH. Linear rheology measurements demonstrate that the gel shows a dominating elastic response over a large frequency interval. CD, fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy and cryo-TEM studies imply long fibrillar aggregates of extended β-sheet. Dynamic light scattering data indicate that the fibril lengths are of the order of micrometers. Time-dependent thioflavin T fluorescence shows that fibril formation by GSFSIQYTYHV is a nucleated reaction. The peptide may serve as basis for development of smart biomaterials of low immunogenicity suitable for biomedical applications, including drug delivery and wound healing.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Gil, Jeovanis, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical protein science in translational medicine targeting malignant melanoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell Biology and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0742-2091 .- 1573-6822. ; 35:4, s. 293-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melanoma of the skin is the sixth most common type of cancer in Europe and accounts for 3.4% of all diagnosed cancers. More alarming is the degree of recurrence that occurs with approximately 20% of patients lethally relapsing following treatment. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer and metastases rapidly extend to the regional lymph nodes (stage 3) and to distal organs (stage 4). Targeted oncotherapy is one of the standard treatment for progressive stage 4 melanoma, and BRAF inhibitors (e.g. vemurafenib, dabrafenib) combined with MEK inhibitor (e.g. trametinib) can effectively counter BRAFV600E-mutated melanomas. Compared to conventional chemotherapy, targeted BRAFV600E inhibition achieves a significantly higher response rate. After a period of cancer control, however, most responsive patients develop resistance to the therapy and lethal progression. The many underlying factors potentially causing resistance to BRAF inhibitors have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the remaining unsolved clinical questions necessitate alternative research approaches to address the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic and treatment-resistant melanoma. In broader terms, proteomics can address clinical questions far beyond the reach of genomics, by measuring, i.e. the relative abundance of protein products, post-translational modifications (PTMs), protein localisation, turnover, protein interactions and protein function. More specifically, proteomic analysis of body fluids and tissues in a given medical and clinical setting can aid in the identification of cancer biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Achieving this goal requires the development of a robust and reproducible clinical proteomic platform that encompasses automated biobanking of patient samples, tissue sectioning and histological examination, efficient protein extraction, enzymatic digestion, mass spectrometry–based quantitative protein analysis by label-free or labelling technologies and/or enrichment of peptides with specific PTMs. By combining data from, e.g. phosphoproteomics and acetylomics, the protein expression profiles of different melanoma stages can provide a solid framework for understanding the biology and progression of the disease. When complemented by proteogenomics, customised protein sequence databases generated from patient-specific genomic and transcriptomic data aid in interpreting clinical proteomic biomarker data to provide a deeper and more comprehensive molecular characterisation of cellular functions underlying disease progression. In parallel to a streamlined, patient-centric, clinical proteomic pipeline, mass spectrometry–based imaging can aid in interrogating the spatial distribution of drugs and drug metabolites within tissues at single-cell resolution. These developments are an important advancement in studying drug action and efficacy in vivo and will aid in the development of more effective and safer strategies for the treatment of melanoma. A collaborative effort of gargantuan proportions between academia and healthcare professionals has led to the initiation, establishment and development of a cutting-edge cancer research centre with a specialisation in melanoma and lung cancer. The primary research focus of the European Cancer Moonshot Lund Center is to understand the impact that drugs have on cancer at an individualised and personalised level. Simultaneously, the centre increases awareness of the relentless battle against cancer and attracts global interest in the exceptional research performed at the centre.
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| 34. |
- Gäbel, Jakob, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Cell saver processing mitigates the negative effects of wound blood on platelet function
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172. ; 60:7, s. 901-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWound blood is highly activated and has poor haemostatic properties. Recent data suggest that retransfusion of unwashed wound blood may impair haemostasis. We hypothesized that cell saver processing of wound blood before retransfusion reduces the negative effects. MethodsWound blood was collected from 16 cardiac surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass. One portion of the wound blood was processed in a cell saver and one portion left unprocessed. Increasing amounts of unprocessed blood (10% and 20% of the systemic blood volume) or corresponding volumes of processed blood were added ex vivo to whole blood samples from the same patient. Clot formation was assessed by modified thromboelastometry (ROTEM (R)) and platelet function with impedance aggregometry (Multiplate((R))). ResultsAddition of unprocessed wound blood significantly impaired clot formation and platelet aggregability. Cell saver processing before addition did not influence clot formation but abolished completely the negative effects of wound blood on platelet aggregability tested with all agonists. Median adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation was 51 (25th and 75th percentiles 42-69) when 20% processed cardiotomy suction blood was added vs. 34 (24-52) U when 20% unprocessed blood was added, P < 0.001. The corresponding figures for arachidonic acid-, thrombin receptor activating peptide- and collagen-induced aggregation was 21 (17-51) vs. 13 (10-25) U, 112 (87-128) vs. 78 (65-103) U and 58 (50-73) vs. 33 (28-44) U, respectively, all P < 0.001). ConclusionThe results suggest that cell saver processing before retransfusion mitigates the negative effects of wound blood on platelet function despite that cell saver processing reduces platelet count.
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| 35. |
- Hansson, Emma C., 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet function recovery after ticagrelor withdrawal in patients awaiting urgent coronary surgery
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1010-7940 .- 1873-734X. ; 51:4, s. 633-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor and aspirin is associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding complications. Current guidelines recommend therefore discontinuation of ticagrelor 5 days before surgery to allow sufficient recovery of platelet function. It is not known how the time to recovery varies between individual patients after discontinuation of ticagrelor. METHODS: Twenty-five patients accepted for urgent coronary artery bypass surgery and treated with ticagrelor and aspirin were included in a prospective observational study. Platelet aggregation was evaluated with impedance aggregometry at five timepoints 12-96 h after discontinuation of ticagrelor. In a subset of patients (n = 15), we also tested the ex vivo efficacy of platelet concentrate supplementation on platelet aggregation. RESULTS: There was a gradual increase in mean adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation after discontinuation of ticagrelor. After 72 h, mean aggregation was 38 +/-23 aggregation units (U), which is above a previously suggested cut-off of 22 U, when patients can be operated without increased bleeding risk. However, there was a large interindividual variability (range 488 U at 72 h) and 6/24 patients (25%) had <22 U after 72 h. Ex vivo administration of platelet concentrate did not improve adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation at any timepoint after ticagrelor discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: Adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation was acceptable after 72 h in the majority of patients but with a large interindividual variability. Due to the large variability, platelet function testing may prove to be a valuable tool in timing of surgery in patients with ongoing or recently stopped ticagrelor treatment. Adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation was not improved by addition of platelet concentrate.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Jacobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the CSF dynamics between patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and healthy volunteers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurosurgery. - : American Association of Neurological Surgeons. - 0022-3085 .- 1933-0693. ; 131:4, s. 1018-1023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Intracranial pressure (ICP), outflow resistance (Rout), and amplitude of cardiac-related ICP pulsations (AMPs) are established parameters to describe the CSF hydrodynamic system and are assumed, but not confirmed, to be disturbed in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). The aim of this study was to compare the CSF hydrodynamic profile between patients with INPH and healthy volunteers.METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive INPH patients (mean age 74 years) and 40 healthy volunteers (mean age 70 years) were included. Diagnosis was made by two independent neurologists who assessed patients’ history, neurological status, and MRI studies. A CSF dynamic investigation through the lumbar route was performed: ICP and other CSF dynamic variables were blinded to the neurologists during the diagnostic process and were not used for establishing the diagnosis of INPH.RESULTS: Rout was significantly higher in INPH (Rout 17.1 vs 11.1; p < 0.001), though a substantial number of INPH subjects had normal Rout. There were no differences between INPH patients and controls regarding ICP (mean 11.5 mm Hg). At resting pressure, there was a trend that AMP in INPH was increased (2.4 vs 2.0 mm Hg; p = 0.109). The relationship between AMP and ICP was that they shared the same slope, but the curve was significantly shifted to the left for INPH (reduced P0 [p < 0.05]; i.e., higher AMP for the same ICP).CONCLUSIONS: This study established that the CSF dynamic profile of INPH deviates from that of healthy volunteers and that INPH should thus be regarded as a disease in which intracranial hydrodynamics are part of the pathophysiology.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01188382 (clinicaltrials.gov)
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| 38. |
- Jakobsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Vetenskapskommunikation och skolutveckling som en del av den tredje uppgiften
- 2019
-
Ingår i: En historiker korsar sitt spår. - : Malmö universitet. - 9789178770335 - 9789178770458 ; , s. 221-237
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I detta kapitel fokuserar vi hur universitetens samverkan med det omgivande samhället kan bidra med ny forskning och samtidigt verka för spridning av nya forskningsresultat. I forskarskolan Communicate science in school (CSiS) deltar tio lärare i en forskarutbildning där deltagarna efter avslutad utbildning erhåller en licentiatexamen i naturvetenskapernas didaktik. Ett viktigt syfte med forskarskolan är att fortlöpande samla förvaltningschefer, rektorer och forskarstuderande för att diskutera och förstärka skolutveckling i förskolan, grundskolan och gymnasieskolan på vetenskaplig grund. Det innebär att initiera samtal om hur de berörda lärarnas kunskaper ska komma kommunernas skolutveckling till godo efter avlagd examen. Gemensamt för samtliga forskarstuderande har varit att problematisera skolämnenas innehåll i relation till modern forskning i naturvetenskap och teknik men också att ta del av internationell utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning i relation till undervisningsformer och organisering av själva undervisningen.
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| 39. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Maximal Lactate Steady State and Lactate Thresholds in the Cross-Country Skiing Sub-Technique Double Poling
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Exercise Science. - 1939-795X. ; 12:2, s. 57-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of blood lactate concentration (BLC) to exercise is a commonly used approach to set training intensities and to determine the anaerobic threshold, which are important in evaluation of endurance exercise performance. The maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) is defined as the highest workload or BLC that can be maintained without continual lactate accumulation over time. The aim of this study was to investigate MLSS in the cross-country skiing sub-technique double poling and to assess the validity of a fixed blood lactate threshold (OBLAand the 45° tangent of the lactate curve). Eight well-trained cross-country skiers (age = 27.6±8.8 years [mean±SD], body mass = 73.9±6.2 kg, height = 179.3±7.0 cm) performed an incremental test to determine OBLA and Individual Anaerobic Threshold (IAnT) and several constant workload tests of 30 min to determine the MLSS. Lactate concentration at MLSS in double poling was 6.7±1.3 mmol·L-1 which was significantly higher compared to OBLA(p<0.001) and IAnT (p<0.01). Despite significant correlations in velocities between MLSS-IAnT and MLSS-OBLA(r=0.95/0.95, p<0.001), significant (p<0.01) differences between MLSS (21.4±2.8 km·h-1) versus IAnT (20.6±3.6 km·h-1) and OBLA(19.9±3.0 km·h-1) was observed. It was concluded that both OBLA and IAnT underestimate MLSS in double poling. A fixed value of 7 mmol·L-1 would be more appropriate in lactate testing of cross-country skiers using the double poling technique, yet dissuaded because of intra-individual variations. Direct determination of MLSS is the recommended approach for useful exercise thresholds, important for training interventions in elite cross-country skiers.
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| 40. |
- Klasson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative CT angiography versus Doppler ultrasound mapping of abdominal perforator in DIEP breast reconstructions: A randomized prospective study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-0539 .- 1748-6815. ; 68:6, s. 782-786
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is there a difference in surgery time and complication rate when Doppler ultrasound (US) is used for the preoperative mapping of perforators in comparison with computer tomography angiography (CTA)? Women who were candidates for breast reconstruction using the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) free flap were enrolled in a prospective randomized study. The operating time was 249 ± 62 min (mean ± SD) in the CTA group (n = 32) and 255 min ± 75 in the US group (n = 31) - hence a difference of 6 min on average. No flaps were lost. Sixteen complications occurred in 15 patients: seven in the CTA group and nine in the US group. Complications were remedied without delay and all patients came through with a favorable reconstruction. Preoperative mapping of perforators with US is satisfactory enough provided the microsurgery team has proper experience in breast reconstruction with the DIEP flap.
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| 41. |
- Kwon, Ho Jeong, et al.
(författare)
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Drug Compound Characterization by Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Cancer Tissue
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archives of Pharmacal Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1976-3786 .- 0253-6269. ; 38:9, s. 1718-1727
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- MALDI Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides a technology platform that allows the accurate visualization of unlabeled small molecules within the two-dimensional spaces of tissue samples. MSI has proven to be a powerful tool-box concept in the development of new drugs. MSI allows unlabeled drug compounds and drug metabolites to be detected and identified and quantified according to their mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) at high resolution in complex tissue environments. Such drug characterization in situ, by both spatial and temporal behaviors within tissue compartments, provide new understandings of the dynamic processes impacting drug uptake and metabolism at the local sites targeted by therapy. Further, MSI in combination with histology and immunohistochemistry, provides the added value of defining the context of cell biology present at the sites of drug localization thus providing invaluable information relating to treatment efficacy. In this report we provide mass spectrometry imaging data within various cancers such as malignant melanoma in patients administered with Vemurafenib, a protein kinase inhibitor that is targeting both the BRAF, and ERK mutated target proteins and that has shown significant efficacy in restraining disease progression. We also provide an overview of other examples of the new generation of targeted drugs, and demonstrate the data on personalized medicine drugs localization within tumor compartments within in vivo models. In these cancer models we provide detailed data on drug and target protein co-localization of YCG185 and Sunitinib. These drugs are targeting VEGFR2 within the angiogenesis mechanism. Our ability to resolve drug uptake at targeted sites of directed therapy provides important opportunities for increasing our understanding about the mode of action of drug activity within the environment of disease.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Magnusson, Johan, 1967-
(författare)
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Shear in Concrete Structural Elements Subjected to Dynamic Loads
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Concrete structural elements subjected to severe dynamic loads such as explosions at close range may cause shear failures. In the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 two concrete columns on the ground level were reported to have failed in shear. Such shear failures have also been reported to occur in several experimental investigations when concrete beams and slabs were subjected to blast or impact loads. The dynamic shear mechanisms are not yet fully understood and it is therefore of research significance to further investigate these mechanisms. The main objective of the research presented in this thesis is to experimentally and theoretically analyse shear failures of reinforced concrete elements subjected to uniformly distributed dynamic loads.The experimental work consisted of concrete beams of varying concrete grades and reinforcement configurations subjected to blast loads. One series involved testing of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams and the other series involved tests with concrete beams reinforced with steel bars. The former investigation showed that SFRC beams can resist certain blast loads. In the latter investigation, certain beams subjected to blast loads were observed to fail in flexural shear while the same beams exhibited flexural failures in the static tests. Such shear failures specifically occurred in beams with relatively high reinforcement contents. With these experiments as reference, numerical simulations with Ansys Autodyn were performed that demonstrated the ability to predict flexural shear failures.A direct shear failure mode has also been observed in experiments involving concrete roofs subjected to intense distributed blast loads. In several cases, the roof slabs were completely severed from their supporting walls along vertical or near-vertical failure planes soon after the load had been applied. Theoretical analyses of the initial structural response of beams subjected to distributed loads were conducted with the use of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and numerical simulations in Abaqus/Explicit. These analyses show that the initial structural response consists of shear stresses and bending moments developing at the supports. The remaining parts of the beam will be subjected to a rigid body motion. Further simulations with Abaqus shows that that dynamic direct shear failure appears to be due to a deep beam response with crushing of the compressive struts at the supports, and therefore differs from a static direct shear mode. The results also showed that parameters such as element depth, amount of reinforcement, load level and load duration played a role in developing a dynamic direct shear failure.
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| 44. |
- Malm, Annika
(författare)
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Kollektiv rättighetsförvaltning på upphovsrättsområdet : Betänkande av Utredningen om kollektiv rättighetsförvaltning på upphovsrättsområdet
- 2015
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Direktivet om kollektiv rättighetsförvaltning innehåller krav för att säkerställa att kollektiva förvaltningsorganisationer förvaltar upphovsrätt och närstående rättigheter på ett välfungerande sätt. Direktivet innehåller också bestämmelser om gränsöverskridande licensiering av upphovsrättigheter till musikaliska verk för användning på nätet.Utredningen har i huvudsak föreslagit ett genomförande som inte går längre än vad som krävs enligt direktivet, eftersom längre gående bestämmelser kan medföra konkurrensnackdelar. Utredningens utgångspunkt har varit att förslaget till nya bestämmelser ska ansluta sig till den nivå på krav som direktivet ställer.Utredningen har bedömt att de bestämmelser som är nödvändiga för att genomföra direktivet bör komma till uttryck i en ny lag. Utredningen har genomgående strävat efter lösningar som är förenliga med befintliga svenska principer och systematik, såväl vad gäller regelverket som de praktiska ordningarna för kollektiv förvaltning.Direktivet om kollektiv rättighetsförvaltning innehåller krav i fråga om i) styrning och kontroll över den kollektiva förvaltningen, ii) organisationernas inkassering, förvaltning och utbetalning av inkasserade medel, iii) organisationernas relationer till andra förvaltningsorganisationer, iv) förhållandet till användare samt v) insyn, tillhandahållande av information och rapportering. Därutöver innehåller direktivet villkor och krav för gränsöverskridande licensiering i vissa fall och slutligen bestämmelser om efterlevnad och kontroll.
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| 45. |
- Malm, Christer B., et al.
(författare)
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Physical Activity and SportsReal Health Benefits : A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 7:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport's role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport's physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose-response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.
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| 46. |
- Malm, Carl Johan
(författare)
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Cardiac surgery and antiplatelet therapy
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and a P2Y12 inhibitor improves outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the subset of ACS patients undergoing urgent cardiac surgery, ongoing or recently discontinued DAPT is associated with increased risk of bleeding. Postoperative DAPT in ACS patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may improve graft patency and short-term survival. The aim of this project was to study ACS patients undergoing cardiac surgery and how DAPT with ASA and ticagrelor influences perioperative bleeding risks, how bleeding can be treated, and to investigate if survival after CABG is influenced by antiplatelet therapy. Methods In paper I, recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of ticagrelor was investigated using multiple-electrode aggregometry (MEA) in ACS patients awaiting CABG. The effect of platelet concentrate at different discontinuation times was also studied. Paper II was a prospective observational study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with ongoing or recently discontinued ticagrelor treatment. The relationship between preoperative MEA and postoperative bleeding was investigated. In paper III, MEA was used to investigate the effect of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on platelet function in ACS patients with ongoing DAPT using ASA and ticagrelor. Paper IV was a nationwide study of all ACS patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery during a four-year period. The influence of postoperative antiplatelet therapy on one- year mortality was investigated using propensity score matching. Results Mean platelet ADP-induced aggregation increased gradually after ticagrelor discontinuation and reached normal values after 72–96 hours. There was a large inter-individual variability. Platelet concentrate did not improve ADP- induced aggregation at any time, but markedly increased arachidonic acid- induced aggregation at all time points. Preoperative ADP-induced aggregation predicted severe bleeding complications, with an optimal cut-off of 22 aggregation units. Aprotinin, but not tranexamic acid increased ADP-induced aggregation in patients with ongoing DAPT using ASA and ticagrelor. Postoperative treatment with ASA + ticagrelor was associated with a reduced one-year mortality compared to ASA only (hazard ratio 0.42, p=0.020). Conclusions Platelet function testing improved the assessment of the operative risk in ticagrelor treated patients. Platelet transfusion have no or limited effect in treating bleeding in patients with recent ticagrelor therapy. From a platelet function perspective, aprotinin may be preferred over TA in ticagrelor treated patients. Survival after CABG in ACS patients is likely influenced by postoperative antiplatelet therapy, with improved outcome associated with ticagrelor treatment.
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| 47. |
- Malm, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Preoperative platelet function predicts perioperative bleeding complications in ticagrelor-treated cardiac surgery patients: a prospective observational study
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 0007-0912. ; 117:3, s. 309-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Treatment with P2Y(12) receptor antagonists increases the risk for perioperative bleeding, but there is individual variation in the antiplatelet effect and time to offset of this effect. We investigated whether preoperative platelet function predicts the risk of bleeding complications in ticagrelor-treated cardiac surgery patients. Methods: Ninety patients with ticagrelor treatment within <5 days of surgery were included in a prospective observational study. Preoperative platelet aggregation was assessed with impedance aggregometry using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) as initiators. Severe bleeding complications were registered using a new universal definition of perioperative bleeding. The accuracy of aggregability tests for predicting severe bleeding was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, which also identified optimal cut-off values with respect to sensitivity and specificity, based on Youden's index. Results: The median time from the last ticagrelor dose to surgery was 35 (range 4-108)h. The accuracy of platelet function tests to predict severe bleeding was highest for ADP [area under the ROC curve 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.63-0.84, P<0.001); TRAP 0.61 (0.49-0.74); AA 0.53 (0.40-0.66)]. The optimal cut-off for ADP-induced aggregation was 22 U. In subjects with ADP-induced aggregation below the cut-off value, 24/38 (61%) developed severe bleeding compared with 8/52 (14%) when aggregation was at or above the cut-off value (P<0.001). The positive and negative predictive values for this cut-off value were 63 and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: Preoperative ADP-induced platelet aggregability predicts the risk for severe bleeding complications in ticagrelor-treated cardiac surgery patients.
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| 48. |
- Malm, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Academic Support using Peer Assisted Study Schemes (SI-PASS) to help new students with the transition to Higher Education. A European overview.
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation gives an overview of a peer learning model and academic support intervention named SI-PASS (Supplemental Instruction – Peer Assisted Study Schemes) in Higher Education in Europe. SI-PASS is a method of improving student performance in “difficult”, normally introductory, courses combining “how to learn” with “what to learn”. SI-PASS sessions are scheduled parallel to the regular education and are guided and facilitated by a “senior” student, the SI-PASS leader. The sessions are based on collaborative learning activities to understand difficult parts of the course material. SI-PASS was created at the University of Missouri, Kansas City, in the early 1970s in order to come to terms with declining retention numbers and was originally named Supplemental instruction - SI. Since then the use of SI-PASS has spread widely and staff at more than 1500 universities in some 30 countries have been trained in the method. What do we know of SI-PASS in a European context? Not so much, which led to the present study on obtaining an overview of SI-PASS in Europe. A questionnaire was sent to university staff trained in the method in Europe (more than 700 people) regarding the status of active SI-PASS programmes. Questions in the survey was centered on topics like goals with having an SI-programme and outcomes, type of courses supported by SI-PASS, number of Leaders, supervisors and students attending SI, etc. The results show that SI-PASS-programs exist at some 70 Higher Education Institutes in nine countries in Europe involving more than 5000 SI-PASS leaders that facilitates learning activities for some 70.000 students annually. SI-PASS-programmes supports courses in all subject areas, but are very often applied to introductory courses. The most common reason for having SI-PASS is also to help students bridge the gap between secondary and tertiary education. Some of the main benefits of SI-PASS are well researched, also in a European context. Increased student performance and learning as well as a decrease in student drop-out rates have been documented in many different Higher Education environments. However, several benefits from student/staff perspectives are qualitative. A European example:• “…It really encourages students, when they arrive to become quite independent and autonomous and looking after their own learning. So, I think in some sense, SI-PASS helps in building up that confidence, that social sense of being part of the University.” (SI-PASS Coordinator, University of Edinburgh, Scotland)
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| 49. |
- Malm, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Supplemental Instruction on dropout and graduation rates: an example from 5-year engineering programs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Peer Learning. - 2200-2359. ; 11, s. 76-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on quantitative long-term effects of SupplementalInstruction (SI) in terms of graduation and dropout rates. One of the main aimsof SI is to introduce students to effective study strategies and techniques. If SIis introduced at an early stage for new students in higher education, it shouldtherefore be expected that this action will promote timely graduation. This hasalso been indicated in studies at two US universities – University of MissouriKansas City and Utah State University. This impact should obviously be of hugeinterest to any college or university that wants to introduce SI for theirstudents. However, more studies from different settings and environments areneeded to be able to generalise the findings from previous studies. Thisinvestigation is one such study for students at an engineering educationfaculty.The results from this study show that SI appears to have a pronounced effecton student persistence, and that the effect increases continuously withincreasing SI attendance. A student’s chances of graduating from an Master ofScience (MSc) engineering program within six years, increases by approximately20-35 % for a student attending all SI meetings in the first semester, comparedto a student who does not attend SI. The risk of a student dropping out isreduced by approximately 20-40 % if he/she attends all SI sessions. The resultsalso show that all students benefit from attending SI, independent of prioracademic achievement and gender.
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| 50. |
- Malm, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-automated biobank sample processing with a 384 high density sample tube robot used in cancer and cardiovascular studies.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 4:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the postgenomic era, it has become evident that analysis of genetic and protein expression changes alone is not sufficient to understand most disease processes in e.g. cardiovascular and cancer disease. Biobanking has been identified as an important area for development and discovery of better diagnostic tools and new treatment modalities. Biobanks are developed in order to integrate the collection of clinical samples from both healthy individuals and patients and provide valuable information that will make possible improved patient care. Modern healthcare developments are intimately linked to information based on studies of patient samples from biobank archives in large scale studies. Today biobanks form important national, as well as international, networks that share and combine global resources.
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