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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Cecconello, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Current profile modification experiments in EXTRAP T2R
- 2004
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 46:1, s. 145-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) experiments have been conducted in the resistive shell EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch experiment. During the current profile modification phase, the fluctuation level of the m = 1 internally resonant tearing modes decreases, and the velocity of these modes increases. The m = 0 modes are not affected during PPCD, although termination occurs with a burst in the m = 0 amplitude. The PPCD phase is characterized by an increase in the central electron temperature (up to 380 eV) and in the soft x-ray signal. Spectroscopic observations confirm an increase in the central electron temperature. During PPCD, the plasma poloidal beta increases to 14%, and the estimated energy confinement time doubles, reaching 380 mus. The reduction in the fluctuation level and the corresponding increase in the energy confinement time are qualitatively consistent with a reduction in parallel transport along stochastic magnetic field lines.
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| 8. |
- Ivanov, A G, et al.
(författare)
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Photosynthetic electron transport adjustments in overwintering Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Planta. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 213:4, s. 575-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As shown before [C. Ottander et al. (1995) Planta 197:176-183], there is a severe inhibition of the photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) during the winter. In contrast, the in vivo PSI photochemistry is less inhibited during winter as shown by in vivo measurements of DeltaA(820)/Delta (820) (P700(+)). There was also an enhanced cyclic electron transfer around PSI in winter-stressed needles as indicated by 4-fold faster reduction kinetics of P700(+). The differential functional stability of PSII and PSI was accompanied by a 3.7-fold higher intersystem electron pool size, and a 5-fold increase in the stromal electron pool available for P700(+) reduction. There was also a strong reduction of the QB band in the thermoluminescence glow curve and markedly slower Q-A re-oxidation in needles of winter pine, indicating an inhibition of electron transfer between QA and QB. The data presented indicate that the plastoquinone pool is largely reduced in winter pine, and that this reduced state is likely to be of metabolic rather than photochemical origin. The retention of PSI photochemistry, and the suggested metabolic reduction of the plastoquinone pool in winter stressed needles of Scots pine are discussed in terms of the need for enhanced photoprotection of the needles during the winter and the role of metabolically supplied energy for the recovery of photosynthesis from winter stress in evergreens.
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| 9. |
- Almgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Role of fibre-fibre and fibre-matrix adhesion in stress transfer in composites made from resin-impregnated paper sheets.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 29:5, s. 551-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper-reinforced plastics are gaining increased interest as packaging materials, where mechanical properties are of great importance. Strength and stress transfer in paper sheets are controlled by fibre-fibre bonds. In paper-reinforced plastics, where the sheet is impregnated with a polymer resin, other stress-transfer mechanisms may be more important. The influence of fibre-fibre bonds on the strength of paper-reinforced plastics was therefore investigated. Paper sheets with different degrees of fibre-fibre bonding were manufactured and used as reinforcement in a polymeric matrix. Image analysis tools were used to verify that the difference in the degree of fibre-fibre bonding had been preserved in the composite materials. Strength and stiffness of the composites were experimentally determined and showed no correlation to the degree of fibre-fibre bonding, in contrast to the behaviour of unimpregnated paper sheets. The degree of fibre-fibre bonding is therefore believed to have little importance in this type of material, where stress is mainly transferred through the fibre-matrix interface.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Björkdahl, Erika P, 1967-
(författare)
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Lojalitet och kontraktsliknande förhållanden : En civilrättslig studie av förutsättningarna för ansvar vid förhandlingar eller andra kontakter mellan avtalsmässigt obundna parter
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Björkdahl, E. P., 2007. Lojalitetsplikt och kontraktsliknande förhållanden. En civilrättslig studie av förutsättningarna för ansvar vid förhandlingar och andra kontakter mellan avtalsmässigt obundna parter A Pre-Contractual Basis for Liability - A Private Law Study of the Conditions for Liability based on Negotiations and Other Contacts between Parties not Contractually Bound.The research objective of this dissertation is to investigate and clarify those behaviors in negotiations and other contacts between parties not contractually bound that are not viewed as acceptable in the sense that they can result in private law sanctions. The objective in general with this dissertation is to provide a systematization that can be used in an explanatory model for a basis of liability with respect to blameworthy behavior with negotiations and other contacts in non-contractual situations. Included in this objective is clarifying under which circumstances pure economic losses that have arisen in such situations can be compensated. The study begins with certain contractual regulations in order to examine the criteria that can be viewed as included in the explanatory model as to that which is a basis for liable behavior.The first main part of the dissertation, concerns situations in which the preparatory contacts between two parties lead to a contract. Mapped out in this part is a number of selected contract law regulations. The ambition of this approach is to delineate with the help of these regulations an action norm that can be utilized in the investigation of that which is blameworthy behavior with negotiations and other contacts between parties not contractually bound. In the second main part of the dissertation conclusions from the first part are applied on the non-contractual area. This part concerns situations in which the preparatory contacts are focused on a contract being entered into later between those parties communicating with each other, but in which a contract for different reasons is not executed and such situations in which contacts have the purpose of creating a basis or information to an agreement that is to be taken with another party outside of these contacts.
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| 14. |
- Bornehag, CG, et al.
(författare)
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Dampness in buildings as a risk factor for health effects, EUROEXPO: a multidisciplinary review of the literature (1998-2000) on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects
- 2004
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 14:4, s. 243-257
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scientific literature on health effects from dampness in buildings, including mite exposure over the period 1998-2000 has been reviewed by a European group (EUROEXPO) of eight scientists in experience from medicine, epidemiology, toxicology and engineering. Forty studies deemed relevant have been the foundation for the conclusions. Dampness in buildings is a risk factor for health effects among atopics and non-atopics both in domestic and in public environments. However, the literature is not conclusive in respect of causative agents, e.g. mites, microbiological agents and organic chemicals from degraded building materials. There is a strong need for more multidisciplinary studies including expertise from all relevant areas. A general conclusion from the work was that there is a strong need for multidisciplinary reviews in scientific journals of articles dealing with associations between indoor environmental factors and health effects.
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| 18. |
- Cecconello, Marco, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the confinement properties in a reversed-field pinch with mode rotation and gas fuelling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - BRISTOL, ENGLAND : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 44:8, s. 1625-1638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive investigation of the global confinement properties in different operating scenarios in the rebuilt EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch (RFP) experiment is reported here. In particular, the role of a fast gas puff valve system, used to control plasma density, on confinement is studied. Without gas puffing, the electron density decays below 0.5 x 10(19) M-3. The poloidal beta varies between 5% and 15%, decreasing at large I/N. The energy confinement time ranges from 70 to 225 mus. With gas puffing, the density is sustained at n(e) approximate to 1.5 x 10(19) m(-3). However, a general slight deterioration of the plasma performances is observed for the same values of I/N: the plasma becomes cooler and more radiative. The poloidal beta is comparable to that in the scenarios without puff but the energy confinement time drops ranging from 60 to 130 mus. The fluctuation level and the energy confinement time have been found to scale with the Lundquist number as S-0.05+/-0.07 and S0.5+/-0.1, respectively. Mode rotation is typical for all the discharges and rotation velocity is observed to increase with increasing electron diamagnetic velocity.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Davies, Melvyn B, et al.
(författare)
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Is our Sun a singleton?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949. ; T130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All stars are formed in some form of cluster or association. These environments can have a much higher number density of stars than the field of the galaxy. Such crowded places are hostile environments: a large fraction of initially single stars will undergo close encounters with other stars or exchange into binaries. We describe how such close encounters and exchange encounters will affect the properties of a planetary system around a single star. We define singletons as single stars which have never suffered close encounters with other stars or spent time within a binary system. It may be that planetary systems similar to our own solar system can only survive around singletons. Close encounters or the presence of a stellar companion will perturb the planetary system, leading to strong planet-planet interactions, often leaving planets on tighter and more eccentric orbits. Thus, planetary systems which initially resembled our own solar system may later more closely resemble the observed exoplanetary systems.
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| 21. |
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| 24. |
- Gustafsson, I., et al.
(författare)
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[Metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity--secondary publication]
- 2006
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Ingår i: Ugeskr Laeger. - : Almindelige danske Lægeforening. - 1603-6824 .- 0041-5782. ; 168:6, s. 581-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with diabetes have an unfavourable prognosis after an acute myocardial infarction. The DIGAMI 2 study investigated the effect of various metabolic treatment strategies in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: acutely introduced, long-term insulin treatment did not improve survival when compared with conventional management at similar levels of glucose control. However, good glucose control seems important since the glucose level was found to be a strong predictor of long-term mortality in this patient category.
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| 25. |
- Hjort, Susanne, 1970-
(författare)
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Socio-economic differentiation and selective migration in rural and urban Sweden
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to analyse migration and socio-economic differentiation in rural and urban spaces: where people move, what the characteristics of migrants are and whether experiences of rural and urban space affect attitudes toward the local living environment and place attachment. The background consists of five themes discussing different aspects of socio-economic differentiation and selective migration, for example polarization and rural gentrification. Integrated in the five themes are summaries of the four papers. The first paper, The divided city? Socio-economic changes in Stockholm metropolitan area, 1970-1994, analyses the income distribution in the Stockholm metropolitan area using residential area statistics regarding income among residents. The results show that polarization and segregation has increased during the study period. The second paper, The attraction of the rural: Characteristics of rural migrants, analyses the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of migrants to the countryside in Sweden using individual register data. The results show that urban areas attract the young, the highly educated and those with high income while rural areas attract older migrants, the self employed and families, but when comparing rural areas, periurban countrysides were more attractive to those with high income and education than more remote areas. The third paper, Rural gentrification as a migration process: Evidence from Sweden, focuses on rural gentrification as a migration process and is based on an analysis of register data. The results show that rural gentrification in the remote countrysides of Sweden is of marginal importance. In the fourth paper, Place attachment and attitudes among young adults in rural/urban spaces, young adults’ (25-40 years of age) attitudes toward the rural/urban qualities of their local living environment and their place attachments are investigated using a survey. The results show that most people appreciate the environment they live in and they are also attached to this place. However, urban residents with a rural background seem less pleased with and are less attached to their present environment. In conclusion, migration selectivity works to reinforce both patterns of segregation and patterns of ageing. There is indication of both demographic and socio-economic polarization between and within rural and urban areas and this polarization is reinforced by selective migration flows. However, the results also indicate that rural areas are attractive living environments to many, particularly the periurban countryside and that there may be a rural migration potential among urban residents with a rural background.
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| 26. |
- Ivanov, Alexander G, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus in cortical bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 223:6, s. 1165-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Winter-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles is accompanied by a 65% reduction of the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), measured as F v/F m, but relatively stable photosystem I (PSI) activity. In contrast, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in bark chlorenchyma of Scots pine twigs was shown to be well preserved, while PSI capacity was severely decreased. Low-temperature (77 K) chlorophyll fluorescence measurements also revealed lower relative fluorescence intensity emitted from PSI in bark chlorenchyma compared to needles regardless of the growing season. Nondenaturating SDS-PAGE analysis of the chlorophyll–protein complexes also revealed much lower abundance of LHCI and the CPI band related to light harvesting and the core complex of PSI, respectively, in bark chlorenchyma. These changes were associated with a 38% reduction in the total amount of chlorophyll in the bark chlorenchyma relative to winter needles, but the Chl a/b ratio and carotenoid composition were similar in the two tissues. As distinct from winter pine needles exhibiting ATP/ADP ratio of 11.3, the total adenylate content in winter bark chlorenchyma was 2.5-fold higher and the estimated ATP/ADP ratio was 20.7. The photochemical efficiency of PSII in needles attached to the twig recovered significantly faster (28–30 h) then in detached needles. Fluorescence quenching analysis revealed a high reduction state of Q A and the PQ-pool in the green bark tissue. The role of bark chlorenchyma and its photochemical performance during the recovery of photosynthesis from winter stress in Scots pine is discussed.
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| 27. |
- Karlsson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is essential for kit ligand-mediated survival, whereas interleukin-3 and flt3 ligand induce expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family genes
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1938-3673 .- 0741-5400. ; 74:5, s. 923-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytokines such as interleukin 3 (IL-3), kit ligand (KL), and flt3 ligand (FL) promote survival of hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitor cells. In many cell types, members of the Bcl-2 gene family are major regulators of survival, but the mediating mechanisms are not fully understood. Using two myeloid progenitor cell lines, FDCP-mix and FDC-P1, as well as primary mouse bone marrow progenitors, we demonstrate that KL-mediated survival is dependent on the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase. The inhibitor LY294002 was able to completely abolish survival mediated by KL, whereas IL-3 and FL were only partially affected. Although all three cytokines induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB), only KL required PI-3 kinase activity to elicit survival in hematopoietic progenitors. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with inhibitors to the MAP kinase pathway did not affect the survival. We next established if IL-3 and FL activated antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and the related genes Bcl-X-L and Mcl-1. By RNA protection assay and Western blot analysis, we show that all three genes are induced by IL-3, whereas FL induces Bcl-2 and to some extent Bcl-XL. Importantly, KL could not sustain their expression. Moreover, use of inhibitors implied that IL-3 was mainly exerting its effect on Bcl-2 at the level of transcription. The addition of LY294002 did not affect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and thus, we conclude that expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member genes is not dependent on PI-3 kinase activity. Our results indicate that cytokines exert distinct survival effects and that FL and IL-3 are capable of sustaining progenitor survival by upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and related genes.
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| 28. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Malmberg, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Jourtjänstgöring: påverkan på katabola processer och återhämtning
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anestesiläkare rapporterades i en svensk studie ha en högre mortalitet än genomsnittet av läkare. Detta fynd har dock ej kunnat reproduceras i motsvarande studier i de övriga nordiska länderna. Likväl har det spekulerats i om den angivna överrisken bland svenska anestesiläkare kan relateras till gruppens jourarbete med höga krav, nattarbete och stress. Kunskapen om hälsoeffekter av läkares jourarbete är generellt sett bristfällig. Mot denna bakgrund kontaktade Anestesikliniken i Lund den Yrkes- och miljömedicinska kliniken för genomförande av en stressfysiologisk undersökning av anestesiläkarna. Syftet var att undersöka om läkarnas upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och deras fysiologiska och psykologiska reaktioner i samband med jourarbete nådde nivåer som kan anses indikera risk för ohälsa. Ett primärt mål var att studera möjligheterna till återhämtning efter jour. En viktig fråga var också om anestesiläkarnas reaktioner vid jour skiljde sig från reaktioner hos läkare med annan specialitet. Deltagarna arbetade vid Lunds Universitetssjukhus som anestesiläkare (N=19) eller som läkare på öron-näsa-hals eller barnklinik (N=20). Samtliga hade nattjour (primärjour). Dessutom har anestesiläkare med nattjour från Göteborg (N=45), vilka under samma tidsperiod blev undersökta med samma psykosociala frågeformulär som läkarna i Lund, använts som en extern kontrollgrupp. Jämförelser har även gjorts mot populationsbaserade kontroller från Region Skåne. I början av undersökningsperioden besvarade samtliga deltagare ett omfattande frågeformulär. Deltagarna i Lund genomgick sedan en fysiologisk monitorering under en schemacykel på 2-3 veckor. Under denna period mättes reglering av autonom balans via hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet (HRV) med personburen ekg-logger samt påverkan på hypothalamus-hypofys-binjurebark-axeln (HPA-axeln) via salivkortisol. Provtagning och mätning genomfördes både på vanlig arbetsdag, jourdygn, dag efter jour och i vissa fall på ledig dag. Dessa mätningar ufördes i en motbalanserad design då tillvänjning till mätningen skulle kunna ge en förändrad respons. Med fasteblodprov (insulin, glukos, TSH, T4, testosteron, SHBG, IGF-1, HbA1c, TG, HDL, LDL) följdes individernas övriga metabola reaktioner före och efter nattjour. Subjektiv hälsa och trivsel i arbetet upplevdes av majoriteten i läkargrupperna som god, trots att en tredjedel av de undersökta uppgav en pressad arbetssituation med höga krav och låg kontroll. Det fanns inga skillnader mellan grupperna avseende dessa variabler. Även i frågor angående sömn, trötthet och balans mellan ansträngning och belöning låg läkargrupperna väsentligen på samma nivåer som personer från tidigare undersökningar på arbetsplatser i regionen. Blodprovsmarkörer för insulinkänslighet och blodfettsbalans låg stabilt över jourcykeln för samtliga undersökta grupper. TSH-värdet var i genomsnitt 26 % lägre ett dygn efter jour i hela läkargruppen jämfört med en vanlig arbetsdag (p<0,001). Det fanns ingen skillnad mellan grupperna. Det förelåg ingen förändrad kortisolrespons vid jour jämfört med en vanlig arbetsdag. Ej heller någon statistiskt säkerställd gruppskillnad i kortisolnivåer kunde påvisas. 4 När det gäller hjärtfrekvensvariabiliteten var dock situationen en annan: I HRV-analyser kväll och natt visade hela läkargruppen 15-30 % minskad högfrekvent variabilitet i relation till total variabilitet (HFnu, p<0,001) vid jour. Detta indikerar ett minskat inslag av parasympatikus, vilket kan innebära en högre stressnivå. Anestesiläkarnas jour-reaktion skiljde sig inte från de övriga läkarnas. Dock avvek anestesiläkarna i ett par avseenden generellt och oberoende av jour: Vi fann en 30 % lägre nivå (p=0,03) av RMSSD (HRV-variabel som speglar parasympatikusinslaget under 24 timmar) hos anestesiläkarna. Detta tyder på att deras autonoma balans var präglad av en lägre parasympatikus-tonus. Dessutom hade anestesiläkarna i genomsnitt 40-50 % lägre total hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet (total power, TP) vid analyser i entimmes analysfönster kväll och natt (kl 21-22 samt 03-04) jämfört med barn- och önh-läkarna (p=0,001), vilket också antyder skillnader mellan grupperna i autonom reglering. Den exakta fysiologiska betydelsen av detta kan dock diskuteras. Att de påvisade skillnaderna mellan läkargrupperna skulle bero på de psykiska och fysiska kraven i anestesiläkarnas arbete är tänkbart, men kan inte avgöras i denna undersökning. Det bör framhållas att fysisk aktivitet och sömn inverkar på den autonoma balansen, vilket kan innebära problem vid tolkningen av HRV-data i fältundersökningar. Här kan även finnas en för anestesiläkargruppen gemensam faktor utanför arbetet som förklaring till skillnaderna mellan grupperna. Då helt specifika HRV-mått för aktivering av sympatikus saknas baseras tolkningen av förändringar i autonom balans på förändringar i parasympatikus inverkan (RMSSD, HFnu). Slutligen kan det konstateras att de metabola förändringarna i samband med jourtjänstgöring var ytterst begränsade och bedömes ej innebära några negativa hälsoeffekter. Förändringarna i hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet kan indikera en förhöjd stressaktivering, särskilt hos anestesiläkarna. Tolkningen av bakomliggande mekanismer är dock ej entydig och behöver närmare utvärderas. En selektion av läkare med relativt lång erfarenhet i yrket kan ha bidragit till de begränsade fynden vad gäller subjektiv hälsa och trivsel samt markörer för stressaktivering.
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| 33. |
- Malmberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Close encounters in young stellar clusters: implications for planetary systems in the solar neighbourhood
- 2007
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2966 .- 0035-8711. ; 378:3, s. 1207-1216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stars that populate the solar neighbourhood were formed in stellar clusters. Through N-body simulations of these clusters, we measure the rate of close encounters between stars. By monitoring the interaction histories of each star, we investigate the singleton fraction in the solar neighbourhood. A singleton is a star which formed as a single star, has never experienced any close encounters with other stars or binaries, or undergone an exchange encounter with a binary. We find that, of the stars which formed as single stars, a significant fraction is not singletons once the clusters have dispersed. If some of these stars had planetary systems, with properties similar to those of the Solar System, the planets' orbits may have been perturbed by the effects of close encounters with other stars or the effects of a companion star within a binary. Such perturbations can lead to strong planet-planet interactions which eject several planets, leaving the remaining planets on eccentric orbits. Some of the single stars exchange into binaries. Most of these binaries are broken up via subsequent interactions within the cluster, but some remain intact beyond the lifetime of the cluster. The properties of these binaries are similar to those of the observed binary systems containing extrasolar planets. Thus, dynamical processes in young stellar clusters will alter significantly any population of Solar System-like planetary systems. In addition, beginning with a population of planetary systems exactly resembling the Solar System around single stars, dynamical encounters in young stellar clusters may produce at least some of the extrasolar planetary systems observed in the solar neighbourhood.
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| 34. |
- Malmberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Is our Sun a Singleton?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. ; 246, s. 273-274
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Malmberg, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Singleton Fraction of Stars Formed in Stellar Clusters
- 2008
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Ingår i: Extreme Solar Systems (Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series). - 9781583816660 - 9781583816677 ; 398, s. 75-76
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most stars form in some sort of stellar cluster or association. In such clusters the number density of stars can be very high. Thus, single stars in such clusters may undergo frequent close encounters with other stars and exchange encounters with binary systems. The perturbation caused by the other star in a close encounter or by the companion star in a binary can have significant effects on the evolution of any planetary system around the initially single star. If the planetary system which formed around the single star was originally solar-system-like, planet-planet interactions, induced by the perturbation from other stars, may change it significantly and leave it more like some of the planetary systems which are observed around other stars. Only if the host star of an initially solar-system-like planetary system never undergoes any encounters with other stars and is never exchanged into a binary may the planetary system remain solar-system like. We define such a star to be a SINGLETON.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Masucci, G, et al.
(författare)
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granulocyte/monocyte-colony Therapeutic efficacy by recombinant humanstimulating factor on mucositis occurring in patients with oral and oropharynx tumors treated with curative radiotherapy - A multicenter open randomized phase III study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Stockton. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 22:3, s. 247-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Previous studies suggested granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) might be beneficial for radiotherapy-induced mucositis. This trial examined the efficacy of GM-CSF in reducing mucositis of the oral cavity and/or oropharynx compared with conventional treatment. Methods. Mucositis, documented by a five-grade scale, was defined in patients with tumors of the head-neck. Centers were allowed to use their own preferred fractionation regimen. Randomization to treatment was decided before radiotherapy. Treatment with GM-CSF 4 mu g/kg/d subcutaneous, started when patients displayed a mucositis score greater than= 1.5. Results. Ninety-two patients entered the study according to intention-to-treat principle. Twenty did not reach a mucositis index of 1.5. Sixty-one patients were included in the statistical analysis. Forty-five percent of the patients randomized to receive GM-CSF had a significant reduction of the mucositis more than one grade compared to 9% of the conventional treated. Conclusions. In severe mucositis, GM-CSF is more effective than conventional treatment.
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| 42. |
- Nathell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of occupation on respiratory disease
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 26:5, s. 382-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Nilsson-Ihrfelt, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer on the Internet : The quality of Swedish breast cancer websites
- 2004
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Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 13:5, s. 376-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of Swedish-language breast cancer information available on the Internet. The questions explored were the extent and type of breast cancer information available, the coverage and correctness of that information, and whether the websites fulfilled the European Commission quality criteria for health-related websites. Three search engines were used to find websites containing medical information on breast cancer. An oncologist then evaluated the 29 relevant sites. Only seven of these were judged suitable for breast cancer patients. The coverage and correctness of the medical information varied considerably. None of the websites fulfilled the European Commission quality criteria. Therefore, considerable effort will be required before the Internet can serve as a valuable and up-to-date source of information on breast cancer for both professionals and laypersons. Our findings broadly match the results of earlier studies of English-language websites.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Reynolds, SJ, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of endotoxin assays using agricultural dusts
- 2002
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Ingår i: AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1542-8117. ; 63:4, s. 430-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
- Reynolds, SJ, et al.
(författare)
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Interlaboratory evaluation of endotoxin analyses in agricultural dusts - comparison of LAL assay and mass spectrometry
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 7:12, s. 1371-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endotoxin exposure is associated with wheeze and asthma morbidity, while early life exposure may reduce risk of allergy and asthma. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare endotoxin results from different laboratories and environments. We undertook this study to determine if lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) extraction efficiency could account for differences among laboratories. We generated and collected aerosols from chicken and swine barns, and corn processing. We randomly allocated side-by-side filter samples to five laboratories for Limulus assay of endotoxin. Lyophilized aliquots of filter extracts were analyzed for 3-hydroxy fatty acids ( 3-OHFAs) as a marker of LPS using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were significant differences in endotoxin assay and GC-MS ( LPS) results between laboratories for all dust types ( p < 0.01). Patterns of differences between labs varied by dust type. Relationships between assay and GC/MS results also depended on dust type. The percentages of individual 3-OHFA chain lengths varied across labs ( p < 0.0001) suggesting that each lab recovered a different fraction of the LPS available. The presence of large amounts of particle associated LPS and absence of a freezing thawing cycle were associated with lower correlations between LPS and bioactivity, consistent with an absence of Limulus response to cell-bound endotoxin. These data suggest that extraction methods affect endotoxin measurements. The LAL methods may be most suitable when comparing exposures within similar environments; GC-MS offers additional information helpful in optimizing sample treatment and extraction. GC-MS may be of use when comparing across heterogeneous environments and should be considered for inclusion in future studies of human health outcomes.
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