| 1. |
- Kalantzi, Styliani, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of pectate lyase bioscouring on physical, chemical and low-stress mechanical properties of cotton fabrics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:17, s. 8185-8192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of the present study was to meticulously investigate an inclusive set of physicochemical and handle properties (determined through Kawabata evaluation system) of bioscoured cotton fabrics. The application of a commercial pectinase preparation, Bioprep 3000L, for a range of concentrations and treatment times, could create a pectin-free textile with low wax content. Multiple regression analysis was used to describe the effect of enzymatic process variables on pectin and waxes removal.Comparison of fabrics’ properties such as wettability, whiteness, crystallinity index, and dyeing behaviour, confirmed that bioscouring could be as much effective as the conventional alkaline process. Uncovering the relationship between the composition of materials and their physicochemical properties was attempted. The application of higher enzyme concentrations generated fabrics with improved low-stress mechanical properties. Bending and shear rigidity, compressional resilience, as well as, extensibility of enzymatically treated cotton fabrics could be efficiently predicted by means of a single independent variable, the crystallinity index.
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| 2. |
- Mamma, Diomi, et al.
(författare)
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Citrus peels : a potential feedstock for bioethanol production
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tree and Forestry Science and Biotechnology. - 1752-3753. ; 2:1, s. 135-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orange peels (OPs) and water unextractable orange peels (WUOPs) were evaluated as feedstocks for bioethanol production, applying simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF). Τhe fungi, Fusarium oxysporum F3 and Neurospora crassa DSM 1129, were grown aerobically under solid state cultivation (SSC) in order to produce the necessary enzymes for hydrolyzing the polysaccharides present in OPs. Following aerated growth and production of hydrolytic enzymes, OPs and WUOPs were fermented to bioethanol. Factors affecting bioethanol production such as, OP and WUOP concentration and the use of single fungal or mixed culture with S. cerevisiae, were investigated. Both microorganisms were capable of producing bioethanol in single or mixed cultures with S. cerevisiae. F. oxysporum F3 was a better ethanol producer than N. crassa in single or mixed cultures. Yields as high as 23 g of ethanol/100 g of added OPs and 19.98 g of ethanol/100 g of added WUOPs corresponding to 65% and 74%, respectively, of the theoretical yield based on total carbohydrate content of OPs or WUOPs, were achieved with F. oxysporum F3.
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| 3. |
- Mamma, Diomi, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal multienzyme production on industrial by-products of the citrus-processing industry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:7, s. 2373-2383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orange peels is the principal solid by-product of the citrus processing industry and the disposal of the fresh peels is becoming a major problem to many factories. Dry citrus peels are rich in pectin, cellulose and hemicellulose and may be used as a fermentation substrate. Production of multienzyme preparations containing pectinolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the mesophilic fungi Aspergillus niger BTL, Fusarium oxysporum F3, Neurospora crassa DSM 1129 and Penicillium decumbens under solid-state fermentation (SSF) on dry orange peels was enhanced by optimization of initial pH of the culture medium and initial moisture level. Under optimal conditions A. niger BTL was by far the most potent strain in polygalacturonase and pectate lyase, production followed by F. oxysporum F3, N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens. N. crassa DSM 1129 produced the highest endoglucanase activity and P. decumbens the lowest one. Comparison of xylanase production revealed that A. niger BTL produced the highest activity followed by N. crassa DSM 1129, P. decumbens and F. oxysporum F3. N. crassa DSM 1129 and P. decumbens did not produce any β-xylosidase activity, while A. niger BTL produced approximately 10 times more β-xylosidase than F. oxysporum F3. The highest invertase activity was produced by A. niger BTL while the lowest ones by F. oxysporum F3 and P. decumbens. After SSF of the four fungi, under optimal conditions, the fermented substrate was either directly exposed to autohydrolysis or new material was added, and the in situ produced multienzyme systems were successfully used for the partial degradation of orange peels polysaccharides and the liberation of fermentable sugars.
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