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- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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- Foreman, Mark, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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New organophosphorus-sulfur heterocycles
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions. - 0300-9246. ; :8, s. 1347-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthesis of 2,4-(naphthalene-1,8-diyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfides from P4S10 and the appropriate naphthalene compound has been accomplished. The reactions of naphthalene-1,8-diyl-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide with methanol and 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol have been performed. The crystal structure of a naphthalene relative of Lawesson's reagent has been determined.
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| 6. |
- Foreman, Mark, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Novel 1,2-thiaphosphetanes from diferrocenyldithiadiphosphetane disulfide
- 1997
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1364-548X .- 1359-7345. ; :9, s. 855-856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diferrocenyldithiadiphosphetane disulfide reacts with bicyclic dienes to form four- and six-membered PS containing rings which are crystallographically characterised.
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- Foreman, Mark, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Reactions of dithiadiphosphetane disulfides with organonitrogen compounds
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions. - 0300-9246. ; :19, s. 3419-3430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reactions of (RP)-P-1(S)S2P(S)R-1 (R-1 = ferrocenyl) with a range of organic systems containing unsaturated C-N linkages have been studied. Thus treatment with dimethylcyanamide gives a 1,3,5,4-thiazaphosphorine 4-sulfide, whereas reaction with dicarbodiimides gives a thiazadiphosphetane. Furthermore reaction of diphenylurea gives a phenylthiazaphosphetane. Mechanisms for the reactions are proposed and the crystal structures of three selected examples are reported and discussed with reference to the steric effects of the reactants. These reactions provide a new entry into C-P-S-N heterocycles. Cyclic voltammetry studies on a range of ferrocenyl substituted heterocycles were also made.
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| 9. |
- Foreman, Mark, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The preparation of a solubilized form of Lawessons reagent and its thionation reactions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Heteroatom Chemistry. - 1098-1071 .- 1042-7163. ; 10:7, s. 651-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 2-tert-Butylanisole and P4S10 react together to give 2,4-bis (3-tbutyl-4-methoxyphenyl) 1,3, 2, 4-dithiadiphosphetane 2, 4-disulfide (LR*) which was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Comparative thionation reactions of LR* and a range of P-S compounds were investigated. If was found that LR* in many cases, gives better yields of thionated complexes than Lawessons Reagent when the reactions are performed at room temperature. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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| 10. |
- Foreman, Mark, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The reaction of dithiadiphosphetane disulfides with dienes, alkenes and thioaldehydes
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions. - 0300-9246. ; :7, s. 1175-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferrocenyl dithiadiphosphetane disulfide behaves as RPS2 in simple cycloaddition reactions. Reactions with norbornadiene, norbornene and hexamethyl dewar benzene ail give rise to fused 4-membered C2PS ring compounds. Reaction with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene gave a simple Diels-Alder adduct which undergoes further reaction with BuLi and RX to yield FcP(S)(SR)(C6H9) (R = CH2Ph, o-MeC6H4CH2, 2,4-dinitrophenyl). A trithiaphosphorinane was obtained when Fc(2)P(2)S(4) was reacted with benzaldehyde or trimethylacetaldehyde. Reaction of Fc(2)P(2)S(4) with PhCH2N = CHPh gave a dithiophospholane and a thiazadiphosphetane disulfide. The new compounds have been characterised spectroscopically with illustrative examples having been studied by X-ray crystallography.
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- Höglund, D, et al.
(författare)
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Food habits in Swedish adolescents in relation to socioeconomic conditions.
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 52:11, s. 784-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To describe the food habits of Swedish adolescents 14-15 y of age. To analyse the connection between food habits and socioeconomic circumstances and background factors.DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey using a Food Frequency Questionnaire including questions on meal patterns.SETTING: The city of Göteborg and the County of Alvsborg, Sweden 1996.SUBJECTS: Pupils in the 8th grade in all schools in the city of Göteborg and the County of Alvsborg were in February 1996 invited to participate. The study comprised 7605 pupils. The drop-out rate was 14.4% (n = 1280).RESULTS: The adolescents had an infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits and they had a daily consumption of sweets. Cereals, dairy products and snacks: buns, wafers, soft drinks, ice cream and potato crisps were consumed more than once a day. Thirty percent of the girls and 20% of the boys did not eat breakfast every day. The free school lunch was eaten daily by 50% of the boys and 30% of the girls, the remainder ate some type of snack. A negative correlation was found between smoking and the frequency of vegetable consumption. Pupils from areas with high socioeconomic status more often ate breakfast and lunch and the boys more often ate dinner compared to adolescents from areas with low socioeconomic status.CONCLUSIONS: An irregular meal pattern as well as snack consumption and smoking were common, especially among girls in areas with low socioeconomic status.
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| 21. |
- Shattuck Eidens, Donna, et al.
(författare)
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A Collaborative Survey of 80 Mutations in the BRCA1 Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Gene : Implications for Presymptomatic Testing and Screening
- 1995
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Ingår i: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0098-7484. ; 273:7, s. 535-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:To report the initial experience of an international group of investigators in identifying mutations in the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene, to assess the spectrum of such mutations in samples from patients with different family histories of cancer, and to determine the frequency of recurrent mutations.DESIGN:Nine laboratories in North America and the United Kingdom tested for BRCA1 mutations in DNA samples obtained from a total of 372 unrelated patients with breast or ovarian cancer largely chosen from high-risk families. Three of these laboratories also analyzed a total of 714 additional samples from breast or ovarian cancer cases, including 557 unselected for family history, for two specific mutations that had been found to recur in familial samples.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 1086 women with either breast or ovarian cancer.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:The detection of sequence variation in patients' DNA samples that is not found in sets of control samples.RESULTS:BRCA1 mutations have now been identified in a total of 80 patient samples. Thirty-eight distinct mutations were found among 63 mutations identified through a complete screen of the BRCA1 gene. Three specific mutations appeared relatively common, occurring eight, seven, and five times, respectively. When specific tests for the two most common mutations were performed in larger sets of samples, they were found in 17 additional patients. Mutations predicted to result in a truncated protein accounted for 86% of the mutations detected by complete screening.CONCLUSIONS:The high frequency of protein-terminating mutations and the observation of many recurrent mutations found in a diverse set of samples could lead to a relatively simple diagnostic test for BRCA1 mutations. More data must be accumulated to address specifically the sensitivity and specificity of such a diagnostic testing procedure and to better estimate the age-specific risk for breast and ovarian cancer associated with such mutations.
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| 22. |
- Skeldon, Mark D., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative pump-induced wavefront distortions in laser-diode- and flashlamp-pumped Nd:YLF laser rods
- 1999
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 35:3, s. 381-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed interferometric measurements of the induced thermal distortions due to laser-diode and xenon flashlamp pumping of Nd:LiYF/sub 4/ are presented. The thermal distortions are quantified in terms of the primary aberrations of defocus, astigmatism, coma, and spherical. Defocus and astigmatism are shown to dominate the thermal aberrations. The measured defocus and astigmatism are converted to the conventional thermal-focal lengths in two perpendicular directions with respect to the Nd:YLF crystalline c axis for each of the two polarization states /spl sigma/ and /spl pi/. A comparison of the thermal-focal lengths measured with our xenon flashlamp and laser-diode-pumped rods is given when the rods are pumped to the same small signal gain. We calculate effective dioptric-power coefficients from our data for comparison to those reported in the literature for krypton-flashlamp pumping. A thermal time constant of 1.5 s is measured for our laser-diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser rod.
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