| 1. |
- Massey, James L., et al.
(författare)
-
Conservation of mutual and directed information
- 2005
-
Ingår i: 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). - 0780391500 ; , s. 157-158
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two conservation laws for mutual information in terms of directed informations between two synchronized sequences of random variables are derived, the first for the case of no conditioning and the second for the case of causal conditioning on a third synchronized sequence. As a byproduct of the derivation of the first conservation law, the directed information specifying the feedback flowing from the second sequence to the first sequence is identified, which leads to a simple proof that a previously known sufficient condition for equality of mutual and directed information is also a necessary condition
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Sturve, Joachim, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of dredging in Göteborg Harbor, Sweden, assessed by biomarkers in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 0730-7268. ; 24:8, s. 1951-1961
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used a battery of biomarkers in fish to study the effects of the extensive dredging in Goteborg harbor situated at the river Gota alv estuary, Sweden. Eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) were sampled along a gradient into Goteborg harbor, both before and during the dredging. Biomarker responses in the eelpout before the dredging already indicated that fish in Goteborg harbor are chronically affected by pollutants under normal conditions compared to those in a reference area. However, the results during the dredging activities clearly show that fish were even more affected by remobilized pollutants. Elevated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities and cytochrome P4501A levels indicated exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Elevated metallothionein gene expression indicated an increase in metal exposure. An increase in general cell toxicity, measured as a decrease in lysosomal membrane stability, as well as effects on the immune system also could be observed in eelpout sampled during the dredging. The results also suggest that dredging activities in the Gota alv estuary can affect larger parts of the Swedish western coast than originally anticipated. The present study demonstrates that the application of a set of biomarkers is a useful approach in monitoring the impact of anthropogenic activities on aquatic environments.
|
|
