| 1. |
- Hokken-Koelega, A. C. S., et al.
(författare)
-
International Consensus Guideline on Small for Gestational Age: Etiology and Management From Infancy to Early Adulthood
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Endocrine Reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 44:3, s. 539-565
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This International Consensus Guideline was developed by experts in the field of small for gestational age (SGA) of 10 pediatric endocrine societies worldwide. A consensus meeting was held and 1300 articles formed the basis for discussions. All experts voted about the strengths of the recommendations. The guideline gives new and clinically relevant insights into the etiology of short stature after SGA birth, including novel knowledge about (epi)genetic causes. Further, it presents long-term consequences of SGA birth and also reviews new treatment options, including treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in addition to growth hormone (GH) treatment, as well as the metabolic and cardiovascular health of young adults born SGA after cessation of childhood GH treatment in comparison with appropriate control groups. To diagnose SGA, accurate anthropometry and use of national growth charts are recommended. Follow-up in early life is warranted and neurodevelopment evaluation in those at risk. Excessive postnatal weight gain should be avoided, as this is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic health profile in adulthood. Children born SGA with persistent short stature < -2.5 SDS at age 2 years or < -2 SDS at 3 to 4 years of age, should be referred for diagnostic workup. In case of dysmorphic features, major malformations, microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or signs of skeletal dysplasia, genetic testing should be considered. Treatment with 0.033 to 0.067 mg GH/kg/day is recommended in case of persistent short stature at age of 3 to 4 years. Adding GnRHa treatment could be considered when short adult height is expected at pubertal onset. All young adults born SGA require counseling to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Larsson, Anders, 1957, et al.
(författare)
-
1060 nm VCSELs for long-reach optical interconnects
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Optical Fiber Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9912 .- 1068-5200. ; 44, s. 36-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reach extension of high capacity optical interconnects based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and multimode fibers (MMFs), as needed for large-scale data centers, would benefit from high-speed GaAs-based VCSELs at 1060 nm. At this wavelength, the chromatic dispersion and attenuation of the optical fiber are much reduced in comparison with 850 nm. We present single and multimode 1060 nm VCSELs based on designs derived partly from our high-speed 850 nm VCSEL designs. The single-mode VCSEL, with a modulation bandwidth exceeding 22 GHz, supports back-to-back data rates up to 50 Gbps at 25 °C and 40 Gbps at 85 °C under binary NRZ (OOK) modulation. Using mode-selective launch, we demonstrate error-free 25 Gbps transmission over 1000 m of 1060 nm optimized MMF. Higher data rates and/or longer distances will be possible with equalization, forward-error-correction, and/or multilevel modulation.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lengyel, Tamas, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Pre-emphasis enabled 50 Gbit/s transmission over 1000 m SMF using a 1060 nm single-mode VCSEL
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 54:20, s. 1186-1187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single-mode 1060 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and single-mode fibre (SMF) based link with two-tap active pre-emphasis enabling error-free transmission of 50 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK over 1000 m is presented.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
1060 nm single and multimode VCSELs for up to 50 Gb/s modulation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of IEEE Photonics Conference 2017. - : IEEE. - 9781509065776 ; , s. 65-66
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the design and performance of 1060 nm VCSELs with up to 50 Gb/s intrinsic speed and demonstrate 25 Gb/s transmission over 1000 m of 1060 nm optimized MMF using a single-mode VCSEL and mode-selective launch.
|
|
| 10. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
1060 nm Single-Mode VCSEL and Single-Mode Fiber Links for Long-Reach Optical Interconnects
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:13, s. 2963-2969
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the use of a 1060 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and a 1060 nm single-mode fiber as a competitive single-mode technology for cost-and power-efficient long-reach optical interconnects. Error-free transmission (bit error rate < 10-12) over 2 km is demonstrated at bitrates up to 40 Gb/s under on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation, without equalization, forward-error correction, or other forms of digital signal processing. The VCSEL is extensively characterized with respect to its static and dynamic performances, including the power-voltage-current characteristics, spectral characteristics, beam divergence, modulation response, relative intensity noise, and frequency chirp. The measured dependence of power penalty on fiber length is consistent with an analysis of chirp-induced pulse compression and broadening along the negative chromatic dispersion fiber.
|
|
| 11. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-Reach 1060 nm SM VCSEL - SMF Optical Interconnects
- 2018
-
Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC. ; 2018-September
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the low-cost, low-power GaAs-VCSEL technology for long-reach interconnects at 1060 nm. With reduced fiber attenuation and chromatic dispersion compared to 850 nm, we demonstrate error-free 40 Gbps OOK-NRZ transmission over 2 km SMF using a SM VCSEL.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Day, Louise T., et al.
(författare)
-
"Every Newborn-BIRTH" protocol : observational study validating indicators for coverage and quality of maternal and newborn health care in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Global Health. - : International Global Health Society. - 2047-2978 .- 2047-2986. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To achieve Sustainable Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage, programmatic data are essential. The Every Newborn Action Plan, agreed by all United Nations member states and >80 development partners, includes an ambitious Measurement Improvement Roadmap. Quality of care at birth is prioritised by both Every Newborn and Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality strategies, hence metrics need to advance from health service contact alone, to content of care. As facility births increase, monitoring using routine facility data in DHIS2 has potential, yet validation research has mainly focussed on maternal recall surveys. The Every Newborn - Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study aims to validate selected newborn and maternal indicators for routine tracking of coverage and quality of facility-based care for use at district, national and global levels.Methods: EN-BIRTH is an observational study including >20000 facility births in three countries (Tanzania, Bangladesh and Nepal) to validate selected indicators. Direct clinical observation will be compared with facility register data and a pre-discharge maternal recall survey for indicators including: uterotonic administration, immediate newborn care, neonatal resuscitation and Kangaroo mother care. Indicators including neonatal infection management and antenatal corticosteroid administration, which cannot be easily observed, will be validated using inpatient records. Trained clinical observers in Labour/Delivery ward, Operation theatre, and Kangaroo mother care ward/areas will collect data using a tablet-based customised data capturing application. Sensitivity will be calculated for numerators of all indicators and specificity for those numerators with adequate information. Other objectives include comparison of denominator options (ie, true target population or surrogates) and quality of care analyses, especially regarding intervention timing. Barriers and enablers to routine recording and data usage will be assessed by data flow assessments, quantitative and qualitative analyses.Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large, multi-country study validating facility-based routine data compared to direct observation for maternal and newborn care, designed to provide evidence to inform selection of a core list of indicators recommended for inclusion in national DHIS2. Availability and use of such data are fundamental to drive progress towards ending the annual 5.5 million preventable stillbirths, maternal and newborn deaths.
|
|
| 14. |
- Day, Louise T, et al.
(författare)
-
"Every Newborn-BIRTH" protocol: observational study validating indicators for coverage and quality of maternal and newborn health care in Bangladesh, Nepal and Tanzania.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of global health. - : International Global Health Society. - 2047-2986 .- 2047-2978. ; 9:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve Sustainable Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage, programmatic data are essential. The Every Newborn Action Plan, agreed by all United Nations member states and >80 development partners, includes an ambitious Measurement Improvement Roadmap. Quality of care at birth is prioritised by both Every Newborn and Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality strategies, hence metrics need to advance from health service contact alone, to content of care. As facility births increase, monitoring using routine facility data in DHIS2 has potential, yet validation research has mainly focussed on maternal recall surveys. The Every Newborn - Birth Indicators Research Tracking in Hospitals (EN-BIRTH) study aims to validate selected newborn and maternal indicators for routine tracking of coverage and quality of facility-based care for use at district, national and global levels.EN-BIRTH is an observational study including >20 000 facility births in three countries (Tanzania, Bangladesh and Nepal) to validate selected indicators. Direct clinical observation will be compared with facility register data and a pre-discharge maternal recall survey for indicators including: uterotonic administration, immediate newborn care, neonatal resuscitation and Kangaroo mother care. Indicators including neonatal infection management and antenatal corticosteroid administration, which cannot be easily observed, will be validated using inpatient records. Trained clinical observers in Labour/Delivery ward, Operation theatre, and Kangaroo mother care ward/areas will collect data using a tablet-based customised data capturing application. Sensitivity will be calculated for numerators of all indicators and specificity for those numerators with adequate information. Other objectives include comparison of denominator options (ie, true target population or surrogates) and quality of care analyses, especially regarding intervention timing. Barriers and enablers to routine recording and data usage will be assessed by data flow assessments, quantitative and qualitative analyses.To our knowledge, this is the first large, multi-country study validating facility-based routine data compared to direct observation for maternal and newborn care, designed to provide evidence to inform selection of a core list of indicators recommended for inclusion in national DHIS2. Availability and use of such data are fundamental to drive progress towards ending the annual 5.5 million preventable stillbirths, maternal and newborn deaths.
|
|
| 15. |
- Lalonde, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Mother-baby friendly birthing facilities
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. - : Wiley. - 1879-3479. ; 128:2, s. 95-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 16. |
- Lavrencik, Justin, et al.
(författare)
-
Error-Free 100Gbps PAM-4 Transmission over 100m OM5 MMF using 1060nm VCSELs
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers. - 2162-2701. ; Part F160-OFC 2019
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate error-free (BER <10 -12 ) rates beyond 100Gbps over 100m OM5 using unpackaged 1060nm VCSELs. Power penalties of PAM-2/PAM-4 are examined demonstrating OM5 fiber capacity to support wavelengths to 1060nm with only transmitter equalization.
|
|
| 17. |
- Mathai, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnicity and fetal growth in Fiji
- 2004
-
Ingår i: The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology. - 0004-8666. ; 44:4, s. 318-321
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 18. |
- Mathai, M. V., et al.
(författare)
-
The Political Economy of (Un)Sustainable Production and Consumption : A Multidisciplinary Synthesis for Research and Action
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite widespread recognition of the need to transition toward more sustainable production and consumption and numerous initiatives to that end, global resource extraction and corresponding socio-ecological degradation continue to grow. Understanding the causes of this persistent failure is a necessary step towards more effective action. This article contributes to that understanding by synthesizing theory and evidence that links unsustainable production-consumption systems to power and inequality. While sustainable consumption and production research and action mostly focuses on technological or behavioral change, the socio-ecological inequalities driving production-consumption systems built into the organization of our global political economy, remain largely overlooked. In response, we propose a structural political economy orientation that seeks explicitly to reduce these inequalities and advance environmental justice and, thus, create the conditions for sustainable production-consumption systems. We then propose three important arenas of research and action towards sustainable production-consumption systems: justice, governance, and co-production of knowledge and action. These arenas, collectively and individually, can serve as entry points to study and act on the dynamics of (un)sustainable production-consumption systems. This can be done at the micro level, with respect to specific commodity chains or systems of provisioning, or at meso and macro levels with respect to national and global production networks. Our proposed orientation helps distinguish research and practice proposals into those emphasizing management and compensation resulting often in persistence of unsustainability, from those proffering structural changes in unsustainable production-consumption systems. We invite critique and collaboration to develop this research and action agenda further.
|
|
| 19. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
1060 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating at 50 Gbit/s data rate
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 53:13, s. 869-870
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An energy efficient 1060 nm GaAs-based oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser designed for high-speed modulation and singlemode emission has been developed. A record data rate of 50 Gbit/ s at an energy dissipation of 100 fJ/ bit is demonstrated for a device with > 50 dB side-mode-suppression and 0.2 mA threshold current, making this laser a promising light source for long-reach optical interconnects.
|
|
| 20. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
1060 nm VCSEL for up to 40 Gbit/s Data Transmission
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Conference Digest - IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference. - 0899-9406. - 9784885523069 ; , s. Article no 7765757-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A GaAs-based 1060 nm VCSEL with strained InGaAs/GaAsP QWs, doped DBRs, a short optical cavity, and multiple oxide apertures is presented. Modulation up to 40 Gbit/s at 25°C and 30 Gbit/s at 85°C is demonstrated.
|
|
| 21. |
- Simpanen, Ewa, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Noise Performance of Single-Mode VCSELs: Dependence on Current Confinement and Optical Loss
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. - 0018-9197 .- 1558-1713. ; 56:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the intensity and phase noise properties of GaAs-based 1060 nm oxide-confined single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and their dependence on slope efficiency and current spreading, parameters that control the achievable output power. We find strong dependence of the linewidth on slope efficiency because it affects the optical resonator loss and therefore the spontaneous emission rate and the photon density. Likewise, we find strong dependence of the relative intensity noise on the slope efficiency since the optical resonator loss controls the photon lifetime, and therefore the damping of the relaxation oscillations. There is no noticeable dependence on transverse current confinement and current spreading. We measure linewidths as small as 6 MHz which we attribute to a small linewidth enhancement factor. This assumption is supported by calculations of the linewidth enhancement factor from optical resonator and optical gain simulations. The dependencies of noise on design parameters are general and therefore valid for single-mode VCSELs at other wavelengths and in other material systems.
|
|
