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- Loisel, Julie, et al.
(författare)
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A database and synthesis of northern peatland soil properties and Holocene carbon and nitrogen accumulation
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 24:9, s. 1028-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45 degrees N. It encompasses regions within which peat carbon data have only recently become available, such as the West Siberia Lowlands, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kamchatka in Far East Russia, and the Tibetan Plateau. For all northern peatlands, carbon content in organic matter was estimated at 42 +/- 3% (standard deviation) for Sphagnum peat, 51 +/- 2% for non-Sphagnum peat, and at 49 +/- 2% overall. Dry bulk density averaged 0.12 +/- 0.07 g/cm(3), organic matter bulk density averaged 0.11 +/- 0.05 g/cm(3), and total carbon content in peat averaged 47 +/- 6%. In general, large differences were found between Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum peat types in terms of peat properties. Time-weighted peat carbon accumulation rates averaged 23 +/- 2 (standard error of mean) g C/m(2)/yr during the Holocene on the basis of 151 peat cores from 127 sites, with the highest rates of carbon accumulation (25-28 g C/m(2)/yr) recorded during the early Holocene when the climate was warmer than the present. Furthermore, we estimate the northern peatland carbon and nitrogen pools at 436 and 10 gigatons, respectively. The database is publicly available at https://peatlands.lehigh.edu.
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- Roelofs, W. S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate description of charge transport in organic field effect transistors using an experimentally extracted density of states
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 85:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The width and shape of the density of states (DOS) are key parameters to describe the charge transport of organic semiconductors. Here we extract the DOS using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy on a self-assembled monolayer field effect transistor (SAMFET). The semiconductor is only a single monolayer which has allowed extraction of the DOS over a wide energy range, pushing the methodology to its fundamental limit. The measured DOS consists of an exponential distribution of deep states with additional localized states on top. The charge transport has been calculated in a generic variable range-hopping model that allows any DOS as input. We show that with the experimentally extracted DOS an excellent agreement between measured and calculated transfer curves is obtained. This shows that detailed knowledge of the density of states is a prerequisite to consistently describe the transfer characteristics of organic field effect transistors.
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- Roelofs, W. S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Fast ambipolar integrated circuits with poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 98:20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ambipolar integrated circuits were prepared with poly (diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) as the semiconductor. The field-effect mobility of around 0.02 cm(2)/V s for both electrons and holes allowed for fabrication of functional integrated complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-like inverters and ring oscillators. The oscillation frequency was found to have a near quadratic dependence on the supply bias. The maximum oscillation frequency was determined to be 42 kHz, which makes this ring oscillator the fastest CMOS-like organic circuit reported to date. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3589986]
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