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| 2. |
- Forsum, Urban, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial vaginosis--a microbiological and immunological enigma.
- 2005
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 113:2, s. 81-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women of childbearing age and the resulting quantitative and qualitative shift from normally occurring lactobacilli in the vagina to a mixture of mainly anaerobic bacteria is a microbiological and immunological enigma that so far has precluded the formulation of a unifying generally accepted theory on the aetiology and clinical course of BV. This critical review highlights some of the more important aspects of BV research that could help in formulating new basic ideas respecting the biology of BV, not least the importance of the interleukin mediators of local inflammatory responses and the bacterial shift from the normally occurring lactobacilli species: L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. jensenii, and L. iners to a mixed flora dominated by anaerobic bacteria.
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| 3. |
- Hanson, Lars Åke, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and nutrition: the first six months
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nestlé Nutrition workshop series. Paediatric programme. - Basel : KARGER. - 1661-6677. ; 61, s. 123-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today the WHO Growth Chart Standards, based on the growth of breastfed infants, are used. These growth curves solve the problem of the deviating observations for breastfed compared to non-breastfed infants using previous growth charts. Presently it is not clear how the mother's diet, especially the fat intake, influences the growth of the offspring. Animal experiments indicate that a low intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via the milk may have short- and long-term negative consequences. There is limited information in man. It has been suggested that the mammary glands may have phylogenetically originated from glands providing innate immunity, later developing capacities for providing nutrition. This would agree with the fact that human milk contains so many major components which do not primarily function as nutrients, but seem to protect nutrition and growth. Lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, secretory IgA antibodies, alpha-lactalbumin and the antisecretory factor have such functions.
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| 4. |
- Hanson, Lars Åke, 1934, et al.
(författare)
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Immune function
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in experimental medicine and biology. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. ; 639, s. 97-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Holst, Rose-Marie, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical fluid in a population of Swedish women in preterm labor: relationship to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm delivery.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349. ; 84:6, s. 551-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intrauterine infection and inflammation in women with preterm labor are related to adverse perinatal outcome. Due to its subclinical nature, a correct diagnosis depends on retrieval of amniotic fluid. Amniocentesis is, however, not performed as a clinical routine because of its invasiveness. Hypothetically, cytokines in the cervical fluid may represent an alternative diagnostic approach. The aim was to examine cervical interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in relation to microbial invasion of the amniotic fluid, intra-amniotic inflammation, and preterm birth in women in preterm labor. METHODS: Women with singleton pregnancies in preterm labor (<34 weeks of gestation) and intact membranes were included. Cervical (n = 91) and amniotic fluids (n = 56) were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis and culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were performed. IL-6 and IL-8 were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Non-lactobacillus-dominated biota was detected in cervical secretion in 25% (22/89) and the presence of micro-organisms in the amniotic fluid in 16% (9/56) of the patients. The presence of U. urealyticum in the cervical fluid (21/46) was associated with significantly higher levels of IL-6 in the secretion. IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in cervical fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection and inflammation and in women who delivered < or =7 days and/or before 34 weeks of gestation. Cervical IL-6 > or = 1.7 ng/ml was related to intra-amniotic inflammation (relative risk: 2.67; range: 1.50-4.74) and had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 58, 83, 75, and 69%, respectively, in the identification of intra-amniotic inflammation. Similar data were obtained for IL-8 > or = 6.7 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of cervical IL-6 and IL-8 are moderately predictive of intrauterine infection/inflammation and preterm delivery.
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| 6. |
- Jacobsson, Bo, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in cervical and amniotic fluid: relationship to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes.
- 2005
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Ingår i: BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. - : Wiley. - 1470-0328 .- 1471-0528. ; 112:6, s. 719-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in cervical and amniotic fluid in relation to the presence of bacteria in the membranes in women in preterm labour (PTL). DESIGN: A prospective follow up study. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Sample Women with singleton pregnancies (<34 weeks) presenting with PTL (n = 30). METHODS: Amniotic fluid was retrieved transabdominally and cervical fluid was sampled from the uterine cervix at admission and analysed for IL-6 and IL-8 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At birth, the chorioamniotic membranes were separated and samples for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis and general culture were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: IL-6 and IL-8 in relation to microbial invasion of the chorioamniotic membranes. RESULTS: Bacteria were found in the membranes in 8 of 21 patients in PTL for whom chorioamnion as well as amniotic fluid PCR and cultures were available. Cervical IL-6 was associated with detectable bacteria in the chorioamniotic membranes in women in PTL (median 8.2 ng/mL vs 0.73 ng/mL; P = 0.01). The IL-6 (median 13 ng/mL vs 1.7 ng/mL; P = 0.004) and IL-8 (median 7.2 ng/mL vs 0.28 ng/mL; P = 0.01) levels in amniotic fluid were higher in PTL cases in which bacteria were found in the chorioamniotic membranes. CONCLUSION: IL-6 in cervical fluid and IL-6 and IL-8 in amniotic fluid were higher in those PTL cases in which bacteria were found in the chorioamniotic membranes.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time Taqman PCR targeting 14 human papilloma virus types.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-6532. ; 40:4, s. 321-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subtyping of human papilloma virus (HPV) may enhance the precision of vaginal cytological assessments and will be important for investigating the effect of the recently introduced vaccine against types 16 and 18. OBJECTIVES AND STUDY DESIGN: To evaluate an in-house real-time PCR targeting HPV types 16-18-31-33-35-39-45-51-52-56-58-59-6-11, by analysing 107 liquid-based cytology specimens representing various degrees of dysplasia. RESULTS: In all, 71 samples were HPV positive, with multiple types present in 37 (52%). Comparison with Roche Linear Array on a subset of 24 of these 71 samples showed a good agreement. One or several types were detected in 17/17 (100%) samples with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2-3 (CIN 2-3), 16/19 (84%) with CIN 1, 32/43 (74%) with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), and in 6/28 (21%) with benign cytology. Estimates of mean viral load were lower in CIN 1-3 than in ASCUS ( approximately 4000 vs. approximately 25,000 copies/1000 cells), and clearly lower in samples with benign cytology ( approximately 50 copies/1000 cells). CONCLUSION: The HPV rates in groups with different degrees of dysplasia agrees with previous reports and support a strong link between types 16/18 and severe dysplasia. The high rate of multiple type infection might influence the outcome of HPV vaccination. The possible importance of viral load should be further studied.
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| 9. |
- Nikolaitchouk, Natalia, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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The lower genital tract microbiota in relation to cytokine-, SLPI- and endotoxin levels: application of checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization (CDH).
- 2008
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641. ; 116:4, s. 263-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study the lower genital tract microbiota in asymptomatic fertile women (n=34) was identified and quantified by culturing vaginal secretions. Also, vaginal and cervical samples were analyzed by a semiquantitative checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique (CDH) based on genomic probes prepared from 13 bacterial species (Bacteroides ureolyticus, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii ss curtisii, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella disiens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus iners, Staphylococcus aureus ss aureus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Streptococcus agalactiae). The bacterial species found by either culture or CDH were correlated with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and endotoxin in the cervicovaginal samples. Grading the women into healthy, intermediate, or bacterial vaginosis (BV) as based on Gram staining of vaginal smears, the viable counts of lactobacilli (L. gasseri) and of streptococci-staphylococci combined were highest in the intermediate group. In BV, particularly the high concentrations of Actinomyces urogenitalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Peptoniphilus harei were noted (>or=10(11) per ml). The total viable counts correlated with both cervical IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. A strong negative correlation was observed between L. iners and total viable counts, G. vaginalis, or cervical IL-1 alpha, while it correlated positively with SLPI. Analysis of vaginal and cervical samples from 26 out of the 34 women by CDH showed that anaerobic bacteria were more frequently detected by CDH compared to culture. By this method, A. vaginae correlated with G. vaginalis, and L. iners with S. aureus. With regard to cytokines, B. ureolyticus correlated with both cervical and vaginal IL-1 alpha as well as with cervical IL-8, while F. nucleatum, S. agalactiae, S. anginosus, or S. aureus correlated with vaginal IL-1 alpha. Furthermore, all Gram-negative bacteria taken together, as measured by CDH, correlated with vaginal endotoxin and inversely with vaginal SLPI. The significance of the results is discussed. In summary, mapping of the identity and quantity of vaginal bacterial species and their association with locally produced host innate immune factors will help in defining various types of abnormal vaginal microbiota, developing new ways of assessing the risk of ascending subclinical infections, and in treating them. CDH appears to be a suitable tool for future analyses of large numbers of clinical samples with an extended number of bacterial probes.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Elin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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A novel polypeptide derived from human lactoferrin in sodium hyaluronate prevents postsurgical adhesion formation in the rat.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of surgery. - 1528-1140. ; 250:6, s. 1021-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a peptide derived from human lactoferrin, PXL01 could act safely to reduce the formation of peritoneal adhesions in the rat model and to map the molecular mechanisms of its action. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Adhesion formation is a significant problem within every surgical discipline causing suffering for the patients and major cost for the society. For many decades, attempts have been made to reduce postsurgical adhesions by reducing surgical trauma. It is now believed that major improvements in adhesion prevention will only be reached by developing dedicated antiscarring products, which are administrated in connection to the surgical intervention. METHODS: Anti-inflammatory as well as fibrinolytic activities of PXL01 were studied in relevant human cell lines. Using the sidewall defect-cecum abrasion model in the rat, the adhesion prevention properties of PXL01 formulated in sodium hyaluronate were evaluated. Large bowel anastomosis healing model in the rat was applied to study if PXL01 would have any negative effects on intestine healing. Results: PXL01 exhibits an inhibitory effect on the most important hallmarks of scar formation by reducing infections, prohibiting inflammation, and promoting fibrinolysis. PXL01 formulated in sodium hyaluronate markedly reduced formation of peritoneal adhesions in rat without any adverse effects on wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: A new class of synthetically derived water soluble low molecular weight peptide compound, PXL01 showed marked reduction of peritoneal adhesion formation in an animal model without any negative effects on healing. On the basis of these data, a comprehensive adhesion prevention regimen in clinical situation is expected.
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| 11. |
- Oltean, Mihai, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced liver injury and cytokine release after transplantation of preconditioned intestines.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of surgical research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-8673 .- 0022-4804. ; 154:1, s. 30-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The postischemic intestine liberates pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines, lipopolysaccharide [LPS], free radicals) proportional with the local injury that may trigger a systemic inflammatory response and multi-system organ failure. Previously, intestines from donors receiving Tacrolimus revealed improved morphology and abrogated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Because of its pivotal role in inflammation, we investigated if NF-kappaB intragraft inhibition influences the posttransplant inflammatory response and remote organ injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Donor Sprague Dawley rats received tacrolimus (0.3 mg/kg) or saline i.v. 6 h before graft harvest. The intestines were preserved for 3 h and then transplanted heterotopically. Hepatic microcirculation was assessed at 20 min, 6 h, 12 h, or 24 h post-reperfusion (postR) using laser-Doppler flowmetry (n = 10/group). Blood pressure measurements and liver sampling were performed at 6, 12, or 24 h postR. Blood samples were obtained at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h postR. Hepatic intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression, caspase-3 and -9 activity, and circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and LPS were studied. RESULTS: Pretreated graft (PG) recipients had superior cardiovascular parameters at 6 and 12 h postR, while liver perfusion was similar between groups at all time points. Recipients of PG had lower transaminase levels and ICAM-1 liver expression. Liver caspase 3 and 9 activity were similar at 6 and 12 h but increased at 24 h in both groups. At every time point, circulating tumor necrosis factor alph, IL-1beta, and IL-6 were lower in animals receiving PG. LPS was found increased only at the last time point. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of tacrolimus-pretreated intestines triggered a milder inflammatory response and decreased liver injury early posttransplantation compared with untreated grafts. Cytokines, but not neutrophils, hypoperfusion, or LPS may underlie the dysfunction.
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| 12. |
- Strömbeck, Louise, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Prevotella bivia can invade human cervix epithelial (HeLa) cells.
- 2007
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 115:3, s. 241-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevotella bivia has been associated with female upper genital tract infections and an increased risk of preterm delivery. In this study, the adherence and invasion capacity of P. bivia was investigated using a cervix epithelial cell line. P. bivia was furthermore analysed for its ability to evoke a proinflammatory cytokine response in epithelial cells. The invasion capacity, defined as the number of bacteria recovered from lysed HeLa cells infected with P. bivia, varied considerably among five strains, all of which were isolates from women with bacterial vaginosis. One P. bivia strain (P47) gave rise to an approximately 120-fold higher number of intracellular bacteria (7 x 10(3) bacteria per 1 x 10(5) cells) compared with the least invasive strain. Three strains expressed an intermediate or low invasiveness, showing an approximately 3- to 40-fold higher number of intracellular bacteria per 1 x 10(5) cells compared with the least invasive strain. The intracellular localization of P47 in phagosome-like vesicles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. All P. bivia strains adhered to HeLa cells to the same extent (range 14-22 bacteria per cell) as analysed by interference microscopy. No correlation was found between adhesion and invasion capacity of the strains. Furthermore, no fimbriae-like structures were observed on P47 detected by scanning electron microscopy or negative staining. Analysis of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 in P. bivia-stimulated HeLa cells showed low levels of only IL-6 and IL-8 for the most invasive P. bivia strain P47. Thus, the induction of IL-6 or IL-8 secretion appeared to be associated with invasion capacity. This work provides evidence that some P. bivia isolates can invade human cervix epithelial. Thus, a strong capacity for invasion and a weak proinflammatory cytokine-inducing capacity in P. bivia are suggested to be virulence factors in establishing a low-grade upper genital tract infection.
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