| 1. |
- Bennich-Björkman, Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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The Next 700 Unit of Measurement Checkers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE '18). - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450360296 ; , s. 121-132
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In scientific applications, physical quantities and units of measurement are used regularly. If the inherent incompatibility between these units is not handled properly it can lead to major, sometimes catastrophic, problems. Although the risk of a miscalculation is high and the cost equally so, almost none of the major programming languages has support for physical quantities. Instead, scientific code developers often make their own tools or rely on external libraries to help them spot or prevent these mistakes. We employed a systematic approach to examine and analyse all available physical quantity open-source libraries. Approximately 3700 search results across seven repository hosting sites were condensed into a list of 82 of the most comprehensive and well-developed libraries currently available. In this group, 30 different programming languages are represented. Out of these 82 libraries, 38 have been updated within the last two years. These 38 are summarised in this paper as they are deemed the most relevant. The conclusion we draw from these results is that there is clearly too much diversity, duplicated efforts, and a lack of code sharing and harmonisation which discourages use and adoption.
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| 2. |
- McKeever, Steve, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantity Checking through Unit of Measurement Libraries, Current Status and Future Directions
- 2019
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Ingår i: MODELSWARD. - : Scitepress. ; , s. 441-447
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unit errors are known to have caused some costly software engineering disasters, most notably the Mars Climate Orbiter back in 1999. As unit annotations are not mandatory for execution only dramatic events become newsworthy. Anecdotally however, there is evidence to suggest that these kinds of errors are recurrent and under-reported. There are an abundance of tools and most notably libraries to aid scientific developers manage unit definitions. In this paper we look in detail at how a number of prominent libraries in the most popular programming languages support units. We argue that even when these libraries are based on a sound design pattern, their implementation becomes too broad. Each library is distinct with varying features, lacking a core API, compromising both interoperability and thereby usage. We claim that further library or tool development is not needed to further adoption, but that a greater understanding of developers requirements is.
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| 3. |
- Okhravi, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating Market Entry Rewards for Antibiotics Development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1073-1105 .- 1748-720X. ; 46, s. 32-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We design an agent based Monte Carlo model of antibiotics research and development (R&D) to explore the effects of the policy intervention known as Market Entry Reward (MER) on the likelihood that an antibiotic entering pre-clinical development reaches the market. By means of sensitivity analysis we explore the interaction between the MER and four key parameters: projected net revenues, R&D costs, venture capitalists discount rates, and large pharmaceutical organizations' financial thresholds. We show that improving revenues may be more efficient than reducing costs, and thus confirm that this pull-based policy intervention effectively stimulates antibiotics R&D.
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| 4. |
- Okhravi, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Simulating Market-Oriented Policy Interventions for Stimulating Antibiotics Development
- 2017
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Ingår i: ANSS '17 Proceedings of the 50th Annual Simulation Symposium. - : ACM Digital Library.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative efficacy of intervention policies, aimed at stimulating development of antibiotics, can be estimated using Agent Based simulation. We propose that antibiotics development can be modeled as Markov Chains with time and cash loaded transitions, and that many intervention policies can be modeled as alterations to the stochastic distributions of said Markov Chains. Through the combination of these two models, Agent Based simulation can be used to estimate the relationship between interventions and the Expected Net Present Value of products. We apply this modeling to an intervention policy proposed by the EU-initiative DRIVE-AB, targeting the urgent need for antibiotics research and development due to increasing resistance. We focus on variants fully delinking profit from volume sales, and show that (1) implementation variations lead to differences in outcomes, and that (2) they exhibit diminishing returns.
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| 5. |
- Paçacı, Görkem, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Compositional Relational Programming with Name Projection and Compositional Synthesis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives of System Informatics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319743127 - 9783319743134 ; , s. 306-321
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- CombInduce is a methodology for inductive synthesis of logic programs, which employs a reversible meta-interpreter for synthesis, and uses a compositional relational target language for ecient synthesis of recursive predicates.The target language, Combilog, has reduced usability due to the lack of variables, a feature enforced by the principle of compositionality, which is at the core of the synthesis process. We present a revision of Combilog, namely, Combilog with Name Projection (CNP), which brings improved usability by using argument names, whilst still staying devoid of variables, preserving the compositionality.
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| 6. |
- Paçacı, Görkem, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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"Why did you do that?" : Explaining black box models with Inductive Synthesis
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS). - Cham : Springer Nature.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- By their nature, the composition of black box models is opaque. This makes the ability to generate explanations for the response to stimuli challenging. The importance of explaining black box models has become increasingly important given the prevalence of AI and ML systems and the need to build legal and regulatory frameworks around them. Such explanations can also increase trust in these uncertain systems. In our paper we present RICE, a method for generating explanations of the behaviour of black box models by (1) probing a model to extract model output examples using sensitivity analysis; (2) applying CNPInduce, a method for inductive logic program synthesis, to generate logic programs based on critical input-output pairs; and (3) interpreting the target program as a human-readable explanation. We demonstrate the application of our method by generating explanations of an artificial neural network trained to follow simple traffic rules in a hypothetical self-driving car simulation. We conclude with a discussion on the scalability and usability of our approach and its potential applications to explanation-critical scenarios.
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| 7. |
- Rizk, Raya, et al.
(författare)
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Diftong : a tool for validating big data workflows
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Big Data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2196-1115. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data validation is about verifying the correctness of data. When organisations update and refine their data transformations to meet evolving requirements, it is imperative to ensure that the new version of a workflow still produces the correct output. We motivate the need for workflows and describe the implementation of a validation tool called Diftong. This tool compares two tabular databases resulting from different versions of a workflow to detect and prevent potential unwanted alterations. Row-based and column-based statistics are used to quantify the results of the database comparison. Diftong was shown to provide accurate results in test scenarios, bringing benefits to companies that need to validate the outputs of their workflows. By automating this process, the risk of human error is also eliminated. Compared to the more labour-intensive manual alternative, it has the added benefit of improved turnaround time for the validation process. Together this allows for a more agile way of updating data transformation workflows.
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