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- Lewandowska, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of balanced and imbalanced resource supply on biodiversity-functioning relationship across ecosystems
- 2016
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous studies show that increasing species richness leads to higher ecosystem productivity. This effect is often attributed to more efficient portioning of multiple resources in communities with higher numbers of competing species, indicating the role of resource supply and stoichiometry for biodiversity ecosystern functioning relationships. Here, we merged theory on ecological stoichiometry with a framework of biodiversity ecosystem functioning to understand how resource use transfers into primary production. We applied a structural equation model to define patterns of diversity productivity relationships with respect to available resources. Meta-analysis was used to summarize the findings across ecosystem types ranging from aquatic ecosystems to grasslands and forests. As hypothesized, resource supply increased realized productivity and richness, but we found significant differences between ecosystems and study types. Increased richness was associated with increased productivity, although this effect was not seen in experiments. More even communities had lower productivity, indicating that biomass production is often maintained by a few dominant species, and reduced dominance generally reduced ecosystem productivity. This synthesis, which integrates observational and experimental studies in a variety of ecosystems and geographical regions, exposes common pattems and differences in biodiversity functioning relationships, and increases the mechanistic understanding of changes in ecosystems productivity.
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- Hruskova, Zdenka, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in Europe: Results From the ERA-EDTA Registry
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0272-6386 .- 1523-6838. ; 73:2, s. 184-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale amp; Objective: Data for outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) are limited. We examined the incidence and prevalence of ESRD due to scleroderma in Europe and the outcomes among these patients following initiation of RRT. Study Design: Registry study of incidence and prevalence and a matched cohort study of clinical outcomes. Setting amp; Participants: Patients represented in any of 19 renal registries that provided data to the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry between 2002 and 2013. Predictor: Scleroderma as the identified cause of ESRD. Outcomes: Incidence and prevalence of ESRD from scleroderma. Recovery from RRT dependence, patient survival after ESRD, and graft survival after kidney transplantation. Analytical Approach: Incidence and prevalence were calculated using population data from the European Union and standardized to population characteristics in 2005. Patient and graft survival were compared with 2 age- and sex-matched control groups without scleroderma: (1) diabetes mellitus as the cause of ESRD and (2) conditions other than diabetes mellitus as the cause of ESRD. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression. Results: 342 patients with scleroderma (0.14% of all incident RRT patients) were included. Between 2002 and 2013, the range of adjusted annual incidence and prevalence rates of RRT for ESRD due to scleroderma were 0.11 to 0.26 and 0.73 to 0.95 per million population, respectively. Recovery of independent kidney function was greatest in the scleroderma group (7.6% vs 0.7% in diabetes mellitus and 2.0% in other primary kidney diseases control group patients, both Pamp;lt;0.001), though time required to achieve recovery was longer. The 5-year survival probability from day 91 of RRT among patients with scleroderma was 38.9% (95% CI, 32.0%-45.8%), whereas 5-year posttransplantation patient survival and 5-year allograft survival were 88.2% (95% CI, 75.3%-94.6%) and 72.4% (95% CI, 55.0%-84.0%), respectively. Adjusted mortality from day 91 on RRT was higher among patients with scleroderma than observed in both control groups (HRs of 1.25 [95% CI, 1.05-1.48] and 2.00 [95% CI, 1.69-2.39]). In contrast, patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation did not differ between patients with scleroderma and control groups. Limitations: No data for extrarenal manifestations, treatment, or recurrence. Conclusions: Survival of patients with scleroderma who receive dialysis for more than 90 days was worse than for those with other causes of ESRD. Patient survival after transplantation was similar to that observed among patients with ESRD due to other conditions. Patients with scleroderma had a higher rate of recovery from RRT dependence than controls.
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- Pippias, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Kidney Transplant Outcomes in Primary Glomerulonephritis: Analysis From the ERA-EDTA Registry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 100:9, s. 1955-1962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We evaluated the 15-year kidney allograft survival in patients with primary glomerulonephritis and determined if the risk of graft loss varied with donor source within each glomerulonephritis group. Methods Using data from the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry, Kaplan-Meier, competing risk, and Cox regression analyses were performed on adult, first kidney transplant recipients during 1991 to 2010 (n = 14 383). Follow-up was set to December 31, 2011. Adjustments for pretransplant dialysis duration, sex, country, and transplant era were made. Death-adjusted graft survival was assessed in patients with glomerulonephritis and compared with those with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), in which the native kidney disease cannot recur. Additionally, death-adjusted graft survival was compared between living and deceased donor transplants within each glomerulonephritis group. Results All glomerulonephritides had a 15-year death-adjusted graft survival probability above 55%. The 15-year risk of death-adjusted graft failure compared to ADPKD ranged from 1.17 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05-1.31) for immunoglobulin A nephropathy to 2.09 (95% CI, 1.56-2.78) for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. The expected survival benefits of living over deceased donor transplants were not present in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I (adjusted hazard ratios [HRa], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.73-1.60) or type II (HRa, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.32-2.52) but present in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (HRa, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92), membranous nephropathy (HRa, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.75), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (HRa, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.45-1.06). Conclusions This large European study shows favorable long-term kidney graft survival in all primary glomerulonephritides, although this remains lower than graft survival in ADPKD, and confirms that the reluctance to use living donors in some primary glomerulonephritides remains unfounded. These data will further inform prospective renal transplant recipients and donors during pretransplant counselling.
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- Broeckx, Bart J. G., et al.
(författare)
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Improved canine exome designs, featuring ncRNAs and increased coverage of protein coding genes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By limiting sequencing to those sequences transcribed as mRNA, whole exome sequencing is a cost-efficient technique often used in disease-association studies. We developed two target enrichment designs based on the recently released annotation of the canine genome: the exome-plus design and the exome-CDS design. The exome-plus design combines the exons of the CanFam 3.1 Ensembl annotation, more recently discovered protein-coding exons and a variety of non-coding RNA regions (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and antisense transcripts), leading to a total size of approximate to 152 Mb. The exome-CDS was designed as a subset of the exome-plus by omitting all 3' and 5' untranslated regions. This reduced the size of the exome-CDS to approximate to 71 Mb. To test the capturing performance, four exome-plus captures were sequenced on a NextSeq 500 with each capture containing four pre-capture pooled, barcoded samples. At an average sequencing depth of 68.3x, 80% of the regions and well over 90% of the targeted base pairs were completely covered at least 5 times with high reproducibility. Based on the performance of the exome-plus, we estimated the performance of the exome-CDS. Overall, these designs provide flexible solutions for a variety of research questions and are likely to be reliable tools in disease studies.
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- Stel, Vianda S., et al.
(författare)
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International comparison of trends in patients commencing renal replacement therapy by primary renal disease
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nephrology. - : Wiley. - 1320-5358 .- 1440-1797. ; 24:10, s. 1064-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine international time trends in the incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by primary renal disease (PRD). Methods: Renal registries reporting on patients starting RRT per million population for ESRD by PRD from 2005 to 2014, were identified by internet search and literature review. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of the time trends was computed using Joinpoint regression. Results: There was a significant decrease in the incidence of RRT for ESRD due to diabetes mellitus (DM) in Europe (AAPC = −0.9; 95%CI −1.3; −0.5) and to hypertension/renal vascular disease (HT/RVD) in Australia (AAPC = −1.8; 95%CI −3.3; −0.3), Canada (AAPC = −2.9; 95%CI −4.4; −1.5) and Europe (AAPC = −1.1; 95%CI −2.1; −0.0). A decrease or stabilization was observed for glomerulonephritis in all regions and for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in all regions except for Malaysia and the Republic of Korea. An increase of 5.2–16.3% was observed for DM, HT/RVD and ADPKD in Malaysia and the Republic of Korea. Conclusion: Large international differences exist in the trends in incidence of RRT by primary renal disease. Mapping of these international trends is the first step in defining the causes and successful preventative measures of CKD.
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