| 1. |
- Borné, Yan, et al.
(author)
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Biomarkers of blood cadmium and incidence of cardiovascular events in non-smokers: results from a population-based proteomics study
- 2019
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In: Clinical Proteomics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1542-6416 .- 1559-0275. ; 16:21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundCadmium is a toxic metal with multiple adverse health effects, including risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanistic link between cadmium and CVD is unclear. Our aim was to examine the associations between blood cadmium (B-Cd) and 88 potential protein biomarkers of CVD.MethodsB-Cd and 88 plasma proteins were measured in a community-based prospective cohort, the Malmo Diet and Cancer study. The primary analysis was performed in never smokers (n=1725). Multiple linear regression was used with adjustments for age and sex, and correction for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate method. Proteins significantly associated with B-Cd were replicated in long-term former smokers (n=782). Significant proteins were then studied in relation to incidence of CVD (i.e., coronary events or ischemic stroke) in never smokers.ResultsFifteen proteins were associated with B-Cd in never smokers. Eight of them were replicated in long-term former smokers. Kidney injury molecule-1, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), tumor necrosis factor receptor-2, matrix metalloproteinase-12, cathepsin L1, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, C-C motif chemokine-3 (CCL3), and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand-1 were associated with B-Cd both in never smokers and long-term former smokers. Except for CCL3 and FGF23, these proteins were also significantly associated with incidence of CVD.ConclusionsB-Cd in non-smokers was associated with eight potential plasma biomarkers of CVD and kidney injury. The results suggest pathways for the associations between B-Cd and CVD and kidney injury.
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| 2. |
- Brunkwall, Louise, et al.
(author)
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The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) : design, methods and first results.
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 36, s. 103-116
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As cardio metabolic disease manifestations tend to cluster in families there is a need to better understand the underlying mechanisms in order to further develop preventive strategies. In fact, genetic markers used in genetic risk scores, important as they are, will not be able alone to explain these family clusters. Therefore, the search goes on for the so called missing heritability to better explain these associations. Shared lifestyle and social conditions in families, but also early life influences may be of importance. Gene-environmental interactions should be explored. In recent years interest has grown for the role of diet-microbiota associations, as microbiota patterns may be shared by family members. In the Malmö Offspring Study that started in 2013, we have so far been able to examine about 4700 subjects (18-71 years) representing children and grandchildren of index subjects from the first generation, examined in the Malmö Diet Cancer Study during 1991 to 1996. This will provide rich data and opportunities to analyse family traits of chronic disease across three generations. We will provide extensive genotyping and phenotyping including cardiovascular and respiratory function, as well as markers of glucose metabolism. In addition, also cognitive function will be assessed. A 4-day online dietary recall will be conducted and gut as well as oral microbiota analysed. The ambition is to provide one of the first large-scale European family studies with individual data across three generations, which could deepen our knowledge about the role of family traits for chronic disease and its underlying mechanisms.
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| 3. |
- Grevholm, Barbro, 1941-, et al.
(author)
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Inledning
- 2001
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In: Grevholm, Barbro (red.). Matematikdidaktik. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144018355 ; , s. 9-14, s. 13-21
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Jönsson, D., et al.
(author)
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Periodontal disease is associated with carotid plaque area: the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS).
- 2020
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 287:3, s. 301-309
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Periodontal disease is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) but it is unknown if periodontal disease severity is associated with asymptomatic carotid plaque. The aim of the current population-based, observational study was to investigate if signs of periodontal disease are associated with the occurrence of carotid plaque and total plaque area (TPA). Methods: The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) is a population-based study. MOS participants underwent a thorough cardiovascular phenotyping, including carotid ultrasonography. The Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) invited participants of MOS for dental examination, including periodontal charting. Multivariable regression models were used to analyse the presence of carotid plaque and TPA in relation to periodontal parameters. Results: In all, 831 MODS participants were recruited, out of which 495 belonged to the children generation with mean age of 53 years, 63% had carotid plaque and 38% had moderate or severe periodontal disease. In models adjusted for CVD risk factors, the OR for having carotid plaque in subjects with vs without periodontal disease was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.11–2.78). In a linear model with TPA as dependent and number of periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm as independent variable, the adjusted beta-coefficient was 0.34 mm2 (95% CI 0.16–0.52). Conclusion: Individuals within the highest quartile of periodontal pockets are expected to have 9 mm2 larger TPA compared to those without pockets. Our results suggest that intervention studies addressing periodontal disease could be useful for prevention of CVD.
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| 6. |
- Kathiresan, Sekar, et al.
(author)
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Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans.
- 2008
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In: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 189-97
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Blood concentrations of lipoproteins and lipids are heritable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Using genome-wide association data from three studies (n = 8,816 that included 2,758 individuals from the Diabetes Genetics Initiative specific to the current paper as well as 1,874 individuals from the FUSION study of type 2 diabetes and 4,184 individuals from the SardiNIA study of aging-associated variables reported in a companion paper in this issue) and targeted replication association analyses in up to 18,554 independent participants, we show that common SNPs at 18 loci are reproducibly associated with concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and/or triglycerides. Six of these loci are new (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each new locus). Of the six newly identified chromosomal regions, two were associated with LDL cholesterol (1p13 near CELSR2, PSRC1 and SORT1 and 19p13 near CILP2 and PBX4), one with HDL cholesterol (1q42 in GALNT2) and five with triglycerides (7q11 near TBL2 and MLXIPL, 8q24 near TRIB1, 1q42 in GALNT2, 19p13 near CILP2 and PBX4 and 1p31 near ANGPTL3). At 1p13, the LDL-associated SNP was also strongly correlated with CELSR2, PSRC1, and SORT1 transcript levels in human liver, and a proxy for this SNP was recently shown to affect risk for coronary artery disease. Understanding the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of the newly identified loci may inform therapy and clinical care.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Melander, Björn, 1958-, et al.
(author)
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Inledning
- 2001
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In: Verklighetens texter. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9144017537 ; , s. 13-21
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Ottosson, Filip, et al.
(author)
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The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker and gingival inflammation and periodontitis : A population-based study
- 2022
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:4, s. 353-361
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aim: The metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish–intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as the extent and severity variables. Materials and Methods: The Malmö Offspring Study is a population-based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, fasting glucose, and smoking. Results: Metabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (β = −2.12, p =.002) and lower odds of severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (β = 0.19, p =.001), lower number of periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) (β = −1.07, p =.007), and lower odds of having two or more periodontal pockets of ≥6 mm (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98) in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: CMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out, and future studies are warranted.
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| 11. |
- Ottosson, Filip, et al.
(author)
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The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker with gingival inflammation and periodontitis : a population-based study
- 2022
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In: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 49:4, s. 353-361
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM: The metabolite 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish-intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as extent and severity variables.METHODS: The Malmö Offspring Study (MOS) is a population-based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, fasting glucose and smoking.RESULTS: Metabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (beta -2.12, p=0.002), and lower odds of severe periodontitis (OR 0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (beta 0.19, p=0.001), lower number of periodontal pockets (>4 mm) (beta -1.07, p=0.007) and lower odds of having two or more >6 mm periodontal pockets (OR 0.80, 95% CI=0.65-0.98) in fully adjusted models.CONCLUSION: CMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out and future studies are warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Rahm, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Rösterna i texterna
- 2001
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In: Verklighetens texter : Sjutton fallstudier. - 9144017537
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 13. |
- Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi, et al.
(author)
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Streptococcus Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort
- 2023
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In: Circulation. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 148:6, s. 459-472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography-based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using coronary artery calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography. Gut microbiota species abundance and functional potential were assessed with shotgun metagenomics sequencing of stool, and associations with coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated with multivariable regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Associated species were evaluated for association with inflammatory markers, metabolites, and corresponding species in saliva.Results: The mean age of the study sample was 57.4 years, and 53.7% were female. Coronary artery calcification was detected in 40.3%, and 5.4% had at least 1 stenosis with >50% occlusion. Sixty-four species were associated with coronary artery calcium score independent of cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations observed for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis subsp oralis (P<1×10-5). Associations were largely similar across coronary computed tomography angiography-based measurements. Out of the 64 species, 19 species, including streptococci and other species commonly found in the oral cavity, were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations, and 16 with neutrophil counts. Gut microbial species that are commonly found in the oral cavity were negatively associated with plasma indole propionate and positively associated with plasma secondary bile acids and imidazole propionate. Five species, including 3 streptococci, correlated with the same species in saliva and were associated with worse dental health in the Malmö Offspring Dental Study. Microbial functional potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anaerobic fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid degradation were associated with coronary artery calcium score.Conclusions: This study provides evidence of an association of a gut microbiota composition characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcus spp and other species commonly found in the oral cavity with coronary atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation markers. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to explore the potential implications of a bacterial component in atherogenesis.
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| 14. |
- Sayols-Baixeras, Sergi, et al.
(author)
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Streptococcus Species Abundance in the Gut Is Linked to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in 8973 Participants From the SCAPIS Cohort
- 2023
-
In: Circulation. - : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 148:6, s. 459-472
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota have been implicated in atherosclerotic disease, but their relation with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis is unclear. This study aimed to identify associations between the gut microbiome and computed tomography–based measures of coronary atherosclerosis and to explore relevant clinical correlates.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 8973 participants (50 to 65 years of age) without overt atherosclerotic disease from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). Coronary atherosclerosis was measured using coronary artery calcium score and coronary computed tomography angiography. Gut microbiota species abundance and functional potential were assessed with shotgun metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples, and associations with coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated with multivariable regression models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. Associated species were evaluated for association with inflammatory markers, metabolites, and corresponding species in saliva.RESULTS: The mean age of the study sample was 57.4 years, and 53.7% were female. Coronary artery calcification was detected in 40.3%, and 5.4% had at least 1 stenosis with >50% occlusion. Sixty-four species were associated with coronary artery calcium score independent of cardiovascular risk factors, with the strongest associations observed for Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus oralis subsp oralis (P<1×10–5). Associations were largely similar across coronary computed tomography angiography–based measurements. Out of the 64 species, 19 species, including streptococci and other species commonly found in the oral cavity, were associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations, and 16 with neutrophil counts. Gut microbial species that are commonly found in the oral cavity were negatively associated with plasma indole propionate and positively associated with plasma secondary bile acids and imidazole propionate. Five species, including 3 streptococci, correlated with the same species in saliva and were associated with worse dental health in the Malmö Offspring Dental Study. Microbial functional potential of dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anaerobic fatty acid β-oxidation, and amino acid degradation were associated with coronary artery calcium score.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence of an association of a gut microbiota composition characterized by increased abundance of Streptococcus spp and other species commonly found in the oral cavity with coronary atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation markers. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to explore the potential implications of a bacterial component in atherogenesis.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Uronen, Riikka-Liisa, et al.
(author)
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Niemann-Pick C1 Modulates Hepatic Triglyceride Metabolism and Its Genetic Variation Contributes to Serum Triglyceride Levels
- 2010
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In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636 .- 1079-5642. ; 30:8, s. 230-1614
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective-To study how Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) influences hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) metabolism and to determine whether this is reflected in circulating lipid levels. Methods and Results-In Npc1(-/-) mice, the hepatic cholesterol content is increased but the TG content is decreased. We investigated lipid metabolism in Npc1(-/-) mouse hepatocytes and the association of NPC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with circulating TGs in humans. TGs were reduced in Npc1(-/-) mouse serum and hepatocytes. In Npc1(-/-) hepatocytes, the incorporation of [H-3] oleic acid and [H-3] acetate into TG was decreased, but shunting of oleic acid- or acetate-derived [H-3] carbons into cholesterol was increased. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis normalized TG synthesis, content, and secretion in Npc1(-/-) hepatocytes, suggesting increased hepatic cholesterol neogenesis as a cause for the reduced TG content and secretion. We found a significant association between serum TG levels and 5 common NPC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a cohort of 1053 men, with the lowest P=8.7 x 10(-4) for the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1429934. The association between the rs1429934 A allele and higher TG levels was replicated in 2 additional cohorts, which included 8041 individuals. Conclusion-This study provides evidence of the following: (1) in mice, loss of NPC1 function reduces hepatocyte TG content and secretion by increasing the metabolic flux of carbons into cholesterol synthesis; and (2) common variation in NPC1 contributes to serum TG levels in humans. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:1614-1620.)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Allardt Ljunggren, Barbro, 1957-
(author)
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Åland som språksamhälle : Språk och språkliga attityder på Åland ur ett ungdomsperspektiv
- 2008
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The present thesis deals with Åland, i.e. the Åland Islands, as a language environment. Its main focus is on the language attitudes of adolescents. The status, role and use of Swedish, Finnish and English are topical. Its main part consists of an empirical study, which is based on an extensive questionnaire answered by students in grade 9 of primary school and in the second grade of the (theoretical) secondary school in Åland.The thesis includes a description of Åland as a language environment. The legal framework making Åland an autonomous region in Finland with Swedish as the only official language is presented. Language policies in Åland are compared with those of Sweden and Finland (outside of Åland). Special treatment is given to the school as a linguistic environment and recent language related debate in Åland.The central questions in the questionnaire relate to language choice, media habits, subjective estimations of the respondents’ own language competence and language attitudes in a broad sense.Six hypotheses based on a model of secure and insecure majorities and minorities as well as the Interactive Acculturation Model are postulated and treated.The results of the empirical study reveal very strong feelings of affinity towards Åland. Attitudes towards English and English-speakers are in general positive. The results reveal somewhat ambivalent attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. Many variables show a tendency among the respondents to favour Sweden ahead of Finland and negative attitudes towards Finnish but there are also other conflicting results. The respondents who have parents who speak Finnish to them display more positive attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. These differences between the groups are statistically significant. However, the group with a Finnish language background also displays its strongest feelings of affinity towards Åland.
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| 20. |
- Alvarez-Madrazo, S., et al.
(author)
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Common Polymorphisms in the CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 Genes: Evidence for a Digenic Influence on Hypertension
- 2013
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In: Hypertension. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0194-911X .- 1524-4563. ; 61:1, s. 232-239
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The locus encompassing the corticosteroidogenic genes CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 is of potential importance in essential hypertension. We analyzed the association of polymorphisms at this locus with risk of essential hypertension, using 2 white case-control collections for discovery (n = 3340) and confirmation (n = 2929). Single-marker and haplotype analyses were performed, with the CYP11B2 Intron 2 Conversion polymorphism showing strongest association with hypertension in both cohorts and in combined analysis (odds ratio = 1.16, P = 8.54x10(-5)). The CYP11B1 ACA haplotype associated with increased risk of hypertension relative to the alternative, GTC (odds ratio = 1.11; P = 7.4x10(-3)), whereas the CYP11B2 TWtC haplotype seemed protective relative to the contrasting CConvT (odds ratio = 0.88, P = 2.2x10(-3)). Analysis spanning the whole CYP11B1/CYP11B2 locus showed that haplotypes associated with raised risk of hypertension tend to coexist. Functional analysis of heterozygous human adrenal tissue demonstrated decreased CYP11B2 expression and increased CYP11B1 expression for those alleles associating with reduced risk of hypertension. These results confirm the hypertensive influence of this locus, with data suggesting a complex digenic mechanism whereby altered relative CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 gene expression could have a chronic effect on enzyme activity and corticosteroid synthesis.
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| 21. |
- Baldanzi, Gabriel, et al.
(author)
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OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study
- 2023
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In: Chest. - : Elsevier. - 0012-3692 .- 1931-3543. ; 164:2, s. 503-516
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-breathing disorder linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Intermittent hypoxia and intermittent airway obstruction, hallmarks of OSA, have been shown in animal models to induce substantial changes to the gut microbiota composition and subsequent transplantation of fecal matter to other animals induced changes in blood pressure and glucose metabolism.RESEARCH QUESTION: Does obstructive sleep apnea in adults associate with the composition and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiota?STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used respiratory polygraphy data from up to 3,570 individuals aged 50-64 from the population-based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study combined with deep shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples to identify cross-sectional associations between three OSA parameters covering apneas and hypopneas, cumulative sleep time in hypoxia and number of oxygen desaturation events with gut microbiota composition. Data collection about potential confounders was based on questionnaires, on-site anthropometric measurements, plasma metabolomics, and linkage with the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.RESULTS: We found that all three OSA parameters were associated with lower diversity of species in the gut. Further, the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were in multivariable-adjusted analysis associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of Blautia obeum and Collinsela aerofaciens. The latter species was also independently associated with increased systolic blood pressure. Further, the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including propionate production from lactate. Lastly, we observed two heterogeneous sets of plasma metabolites with opposite association with species positively and negatively associated with hypoxia parameters, respectively.INTERPRETATION: OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. Our findings lay the foundation for future research on the gut microbiota-mediated health effects of OSA.
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| 22. |
- Bendegard, Saga, 1982-
(author)
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Begriplig EU-svenska? : Klarspråksarbetets förutsättningar inom den interinstitutionella översättningsprocessen
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis is a study of the inter-institutional translation process through which the Swedish versions of EU legislative acts are created, focusing on the conditions for plain language work within this process. These Swedish translations have long been considered incomprehensible. Complicated originals and strong demands for close correspondence to the source text have been considered the main reason. This study aims to examine the translation process, to see how institutional factors shape the scope for plain language work. The theoretical and methodological bases of the study are the sociology of translation, focusing on translation as a social activity, and ethnography, focusing on the participants’ perspective. The data analysed consist of field notes, interviews, video recordings of participants translating, and revised translations.A key factor for plain language is shown to be the demands for close correspondence to previous texts – not only the source text but also previous Swedish translations. Close correspondence is necessary due to special demands on legal translation but is also supported by other institutional factors, such as translators’ insecurity regarding legal language, short deadlines and the needs of internal readers. The use of CAT tools such as TWB further reinforces this dependence on previous texts.Other institutional factors that stand out are the relative isolation of the translation units, with limited feedback from outside the unit, and the position of the translated documents within the EU legal system. The results indicate that the difficulties for a Swedish reader are often not due to linguistic or textual formulation of the documents, but to the gap this EU position creates, between the reader’s (Swedish) and the text’s (EU) frame of reference respectively.Support for plain language is strong at the units, but the concept appears to have been partially given a local meaning, showing that the traditional understanding of plain language may not be fully applicable in this setting. This shows the necessity to identify the aspects most central to comprehensibility, for different types of texts and in different settings – a necessity not only for plain language work within the EU, but in national settings as well.
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| 23. |
- Borné, Yan, et al.
(author)
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Genome wide association study identifies two loci associated with cadmium in erythrocytes among never-smokers
- 2016
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In: Hum Mol Genet. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 25:11, s. 2342-2348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Cadmium is a non-essential toxic metal with multiple adverse health effects. Exposure in the general population occurs by smoking and diet. Cadmium in erythrocytes is a valid biomarker of exposure and body burden of cadmium. Objectives: We aimed to identify genetic variants related to concentrations of cadmium in erythrocytes. Methods: Erythrocyte cadmium was analyzed in 4432 individuals (1728 never smokers) from the Swedish population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina HumanOmniExpressExome Bead chip with genome-wide coverage. Genome wide analyses were performed in the whole sample and in never smokers. Results: No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached a genome-wide significant association with erythrocyte cadmium in the whole sample. However, in never smokers, 14 variants showed genome-wide significant relationships with erythrocyte cadmium after adjusting for age and sex. Thirteen variants were in linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 8q13.3 in the XKR9 and LACTB2 genes. The lead SNP on 8q13.3 was rs12681420 (minor allele G, minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.46, beta: -0.11, P = 3.48 x 10(-11)), an intron variant within the XKR9 gene. The other significant locus, rs17574271 (minor allele C, MAF = 0.09, beta: 0.17, P = 6.18 x 10(-9)), was an intron variant within the DLGAP1 gene at chromosome 18p11.31. Conclusion: This genome-wide study of never smokers from the general population identified two independent regions related to erythrocyte cadmium. The strongest locus covers the XKR9 and LACTB2 genes, which both could have related functions in cadmium absorption and metabolism. Replication studies are needed to confirm the findings and mechanisms should be further investigated.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Dahl, Alva, 1985-
(author)
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I skriftens gränstrakter : Interpunktionens funktioner i tre samtida svenska romaner
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Punctuation is an indispensable element in formal and literary texts as well as everyday writing. Studying punctuation is therefore necessary in order to understand written language. Still, it does not fit easily into descriptions of language as an abstract, given system, composed of lexicon and grammar. Within the framework of Bakhtinian dialogism, however, linguists have started to study languaging as an interactive, situated process, meaningful in concrete, embodied utterances. While many such studies have focused on spoken language, this PhD dissertation is an attempt to study written language from a dialogical perspective. The aim of the study is to explore the functions of punctuation and to integrate the analysis of punctuation into a broader theoretical understanding of written language. This is achieved through qualitative analyses of three contemporary Swedish novels: DIVA by Monika Fagerholm (1998), Förvandling by Eva Adolfsson (2005) and Fadevår, tack för ljuset! by Fredrik Ekelund (2010). In order to discover the rich meaning of specific instances, linguistic details are studied in relation to different aspects of context: the local co-text of the sentence, paragraph, chapter and novel as a whole, relevant intertextual contexts, and, to some extent, contemporary literary movements and technological developments, etc.In all of the three novels, punctuation is an integrated element of style and characterization, and important thematic aspects of each novel are visible at the level of punctuation. General patterns are also to be seen, the most important of which concern, firstly, how punctuation divides the units of written language, and regulates the relationship between these units, and secondly, how shifts in voice and tone are constructed in the novels with the help of punctuation. Furthermore, punctuation can create visually iconic references. The results have many implications for further research. Punctuation is a necessary and integrated part of written meaning-making and should not be overlooked in text analyses. Moreover, punctuation plays a crucial role in the construction of aspects like viewpoint and discourse presentation, which can no longer be ignored. On the spatial surface of text, writers and readers create complex interplays of voices.
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| 27. |
- Dekkers, Koen, et al.
(author)
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An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition.
- 2022
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human gut microbiota produce a variety of molecules, some of which enter the bloodstream and impact health. Conversely, dietary or pharmacological compounds may affect the microbiota before entering the circulation. Characterization of these interactions is an important step towards understanding the effects of the gut microbiota on health. In this cross-sectional study, we used deep metagenomic sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry for a detailed characterization of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolome, respectively, of 8583 participants invited at age 50 to 64 from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. Here, we find that the gut microbiota explain up to 58% of the variance of individual plasma metabolites and we present 997 associations between alpha diversity and plasma metabolites and 546,819 associations between specific gut metagenomic species and plasma metabolites in an online atlas ( https://gutsyatlas.serve.scilifelab.se/ ). We exemplify the potential of this resource by presenting novel associations between dietary factors and oral medication with the gut microbiome, and microbial species strongly associated with the uremic toxin p-cresol sulfate. This resource can be used as the basis for targeted studies of perturbation of specific metabolites and for identification of candidate plasma biomarkers of gut microbiota composition.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- DETTMER, Anne, et al.
(author)
-
The Choice of Antibiotic Prophylaxis Influences the Infection Reoperation Rate in Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty : Analysis From the Swedish Shoulder Arthroplasty Register
- 2023
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In: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0009-921X .- 1528-1132. ; 481:4, s. 728-734
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication and a major reason for revision surgery after primary shoulder arthroplasty. The prophylactic antibiotics for primary shoulder arthroplasty that have predominantly been used in Sweden are cloxacillin and clindamycin. To address Cutibacteriumacnes, benzylpenicillin has recently increasingly been added to cloxacillin, but it is unclear which antibiotic prophylaxis regimen is the most effective to prevent periprosthetic joint infection.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: After controlling for baseline differences among patients such as age, gender, previous surgery, cement fixation, and arthroplasty type, was the risk of reoperation for infection higher in patients who received cloxacillin than in those who received clindamycin or the combination of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin?METHODS: Data from the Swedish Shoulder Arthroplasty Register were used for this study. The inclusion criterion was registered antibiotic prophylaxis in primary arthroplasty. Between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2019, 22,470 primary shoulder arthroplasties, including total shoulder, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasties, were entered into the Swedish Shoulder Arthroplasty Register. Reporting of antibiotic prophylaxis to the register was introduced on January 1, 2013. Since then, the completeness of information on the type of antibiotic prophylaxis in the reports has been 85.3%. Consequently, 10,706 arthroplasties were eligible and fulfilled the inclusion criterion of reported antibiotic prophylaxis. A further 129 were excluded because of unusual prophylaxis regimens, leaving 10,577 shoulder arthroplasties for analysis. The Swedish Shoulder Arthroplasty Register gathers information from all 60 hospitals performing shoulder arthroplasty in Sweden, and through a comparison with the National Patient Register, it has been estimated that more than 90% of all primary shoulder arthroplasties and shoulder reoperations are reported to the register. The age of the study population ranged between 16 and 98 years; the mean age at the primary surgery was 70 ± 10 years for the entire cohort, with a mean age of 67 ± 10 years and 72 ± 9 years for men and women, respectively. The mean observation period was 989 ± 669 days. From 2013 to 2019, there was a clear change in prophylaxis; in particular, the use of the combination of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin increased dramatically and the use of cloxacillin alone decreased. Clindamycin prophylaxis increased moderately. The primary study endpoint was reported reoperation for infection. In the register, this is defined as repeat procedures of any kind, including biopsy, lavage of the joint, or revision, defined as secondary surgery in which a component was exchanged, removed, or added. To compare the reoperation rate in relation to the different antibiotics used, which changed over time, we controlled for age, gender, previous surgery, cement fixation, and arthroplasty type using a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS: When adjusting for age, gender, previous surgery, cement fixation, and arthroplasty type, cloxacillin prophylaxis was associated with an increased relative risk of reoperation for infection compared with the combination of cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin (hazard ratio [HR] 2.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35 to 4.25]; p = 0.003) and compared with clindamycin alone (HR 1.78 [95% CI 1.11 to 2.85]; p = 0.02). No difference was found between the cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin combination and clindamycin (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.42 to 1.32]; p = 0.31).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that prophylaxis against C. acnes may be warranted in shoulder arthroplasty. Because the absolute number of infections was low and infections could have been underreported to the register, our results should be interpreted with caution. There is no available information about the causative microorganisms. The study lays the groundwork for further investigations of antibiotic prophylaxis regimens in shoulder arthroplasty. Because large randomized controlled trials would be impractical to perform, prospective register-based randomized controlled studies might be a viable method.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level Ⅲ, therapeutic study.
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| 30. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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In: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 31. |
- Fagerberg, Björn, 1943, et al.
(author)
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Circulating cadmium concentration and risk of aortic aneurysms: A nested case-control study within the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2017
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In: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150. ; 261, s. 37-43
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Diet and smoking expose the general population to cadmium (Cd), which is a toxic metal that accumulates in the arterial wall. In experimental studies, Cd causes reductions in proliferation of smooth muscle cells and cellular synthesis of procollagen. The aim of this study was to examine whether blood Cd levels, a valid measure of Cd exposure, are associated with increased risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: All middle-aged men and women enrolled in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study (n = 30 447) were followed from the baseline examination in 1991-1996 through 2009. A total of 297 cases with AAA and two randomly selected control subjects for each case, matched for age and sex, were included. Blood Cd was analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Diagnoses of AAA, thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection were obtained from registers. Results: Increased blood Cd was associated with increased risk of incident AAA after adjustment for smoking and other established risk factors for AAA. The highest tertile of blood Cd concentrations had a rate ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 5.0) for incident AAA. Concentration of blood Cd (log transformed) was not associated with AAA in never-smokers (n = 24). Conclusions: Blood Cd levels corresponding to the upper tertile of the distribution in the age-and sex-matched control group were associated with a 2.5-fold increase in rate ratio for incident AAA. This relationship was not found in the small group of never-smokers. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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| 32. |
- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(author)
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Systolic and diastolic component of orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: the Captopril Prevention Project
- 2014
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In: Journal of Hypertension. - 0263-6352 .- 1473-5598. ; 32:1, s. 75-81
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:Impact of SBP vs. DBP decrement during orthostasis on cardiovascular events in hypertension is not clear.Methods:We assessed prospective association of orthostatic hypotension with mortality and major cardiovascular events [myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke] among 8788 treated hypertensive patients (52.2% men; mean age 52 years, mean BP 161/99mmHg) without history of MI or stroke at baseline. Orthostatic hypotension was defined according to combined international consensus criteria, and as either systolic (decrease 20mmHg) or diastolic orthostatic hypotension (decrease 10mmHg). Final Cox regression model was adjusted for age, sex, supine SBP and DBP, diabetes, smoking, and total cholesterol.Results:A total of 1060 (12.1%) study participants fulfilled combined orthostatic hypotension criteria, of these 886 (10.1%) met systolic and 290 (3.3%) diastolic criterion. In the crude analysis, combined orthostatic hypotension criteria were predictive of the composite endpoint, major cardiovascular event, total mortality, and stroke but not MI. After full adjustment, combined orthostatic hypotension criteria and systolic orthostatic hypotension were independently associated with stroke only (hazard ratio: 1.48, 1.07-2.05, P=0.019, and 1.53, 1.08-2.15, P=0.015, respectively), whereas the composite endpoint tended in the same direction (hazard ratio: 1.21, 0.98-1.51, P=0.075, and 1.24, 0.99-1.55, P=0.066, respectively). In contrast, diastolic orthostatic hypotension was associated with increased risk of MI (hazard ratio: 2.04, 1.20-3.46, P=0.008).Conclusion:Orthostatic hypotension has a dual role in cardiovascular events among hypertensive patients: SBP fall indicates higher risk of stroke, whereas DBP fall confers higher risk of MI.
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| 33. |
- Fernandez, Celine, et al.
(author)
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Plasma Lipid Composition and Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Disease
- 2013
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We tested whether characteristic changes of the plasma lipidome in individuals with comparable total lipids level associate with future cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome and whether 23 validated gene variants associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) affect CVD associated lipid species. Methods and Results: Screening of the fasted plasma lipidome was performed by top-down shotgun analysis and lipidome compositions compared between incident CVD cases (n = 211) and controls (n = 216) from the prospective population-based MDC study using logistic regression adjusting for Framingham risk factors. Associations with incident CVD were seen for eight lipid species (0.21 <= q <= 0.23). Each standard deviation unit higher baseline levels of two lysophosphatidylcholine species (LPC), LPC16:0 and LPC20:4, was associated with a decreased risk for CVD (P=0.024-0.028). Sphingomyelin (SM) 38: 2 was associated with increased odds of CVD (P=0.057). Five triglyceride (TAG) species were associated with protection (P=0.031-0.049). LPC16:0 was negatively correlated with the carotid intima-media thickness (P=0.010) and with HbA1c (P=0.012) whereas SM38:2 was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol (P=0.0*10(-6)) and the q-values were good (q <= 0.03). The risk allele of 8 CAD-associated gene variants showed significant association with the plasma level of several lipid species. However, the q-values were high for many of the associations (0.015 <= q <= 0.75). Risk allele carriers of 3 CAD-loci had reduced level of LPC16:0 and/or LPC 20:4 (P <= 0.056). Conclusion: Our study suggests that CVD development is preceded by reduced levels of LPC16: 0, LPC20: 4 and some specific TAG species and by increased levels of SM38:2. It also indicates that certain lipid species are intermediate phenotypes between genetic susceptibility and overt CVD. But it is a preliminary study that awaits replication in a larger population because statistical significance was lost for the associations between lipid species and future cardiovascular events when correcting for multiple testing.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Halldén, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Smoking and obesity associated BDNF gene variance predicts total and cardiovascular mortality in smokers
- 2013
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In: Heart. - : BMJ. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 99:13, s. 949-953
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective The brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) locus has been implicated in psychiatric and substance related disorders. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown strong associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in BDNF, smoking behaviour and high body mass index (BMI). Our aim was to test whether genetic BDNF variation alters the risk of smoking related morbidity and mortality. Design Cox proportional hazards models were used to relate the BDNF rs4923461(A/G) polymorphisms to all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking quantity. Setting The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS), a population based prospective cohort study (n=30 447). Patients We obtained complete data on 25 071 subjects, of whom 6507 were current smokers and 18 564 were non-smokers who underwent a baseline examination from 1991-1996. Main outcome measures During a mean follow-up time of 12 years, 1049 deaths (346 cardiovascular deaths and 492 cancer deaths) and 802 incident CVD events occurred among current smokers. Results The major allele (A) of rs4923461 was significantly associated with ever having smoked (p=0.03) and high BMI (p=0.001). The A-allele was associated with risk of all-cause (HR=1.12, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.25; p<0.05) and CVD (HR=1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49; p=0.04) mortality. There was no significant association between the rs4923461 and cancer mortality or CVD incidence. Conclusions Our data suggest that smoking-and obesity-associated variation of the BDNF gene affects the risk of death, especially due to cardiovascular causes, in smokers. Determination of the BDNF genotype in smokers may guide the need for smoking cessation interventions.
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| 36. |
- Hamrefors, Viktor, et al.
(author)
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Pharmacogenetic implications for eight common blood pressure-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
- 2012
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In: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 30:6, s. 1151-1160
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: We aimed to test whether eight common recently identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), strongly associated with blood pressure (BP) in the population, also have impact on the degree of BP reduction by antihypertensive agents with different mechanisms. METHODS:: In 3863 Swedish hypertensive patients, we related number of unfavorable alleles of each SNP (i.e. alleles associated with higher baseline BP) to the magnitude of BP reduction during 6 months of monotherapy with either a beta-blocker, a thiazide diuretic or diltiazem. RESULTS:: For six SNPs (rs16998073, rs1378942, rs3184504, rs1530440, rs16948048, rs17367504) no pharmacogenetic interactions were suggested, whereas two SNPs showed nominal evidence of association with treatment response: PLCD3-rs12946454 associated with more SBP (beta = 1.53 mmHg per unfavorable allele; P = 0.010) and DBP (beta = 0.73 mmHg per unfavorable allele; P = 0.014) reduction in patients treated with diltiazem, in contrast to those treated with beta-blockers or diuretics wherein no treatment response association was found. CYP17A1-rs11191548 associated with less DBP reduction (beta = -1.26 mmHg per unfavorable allele; P = 0.018) in patients treated with beta-blockers or diuretics, whereas there was no treatment response association in diltiazem-treated patients. However, if accounting for multiple testing, the significant associations for rs12946454 and rs11191548 were attenuated. CONCLUSION:: For a majority of these, eight recently identified BP-associated SNPs, there are probably no important pharmacogenetic interactions for BP reduction with use of beta-blockers, diuretics or diltiazem. Whether the nominally significant associations for rs12946454 and rs11191548 are true signals and could be of possible clinical relevance for deciding treatment of polygenic essential hypertension should be further tested.
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| 37. |
- Johansson, Annika, 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Två språk två försvar
- 2015
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In: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :juni, s. 60-65
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Maria, 1989-
(author)
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I samtal med Kronofogden : Hur myndighetsservice görs i språkliga möten mellan inringare och kundservicehandläggare
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis explores the interaction between frontline service officials and clients in customer service calls to the Swedish Enforcement Authority (SEA), a national government agency working with debts. The aim is to shed light on these service calls as interactional, meaning-making encounters between callers and frontline service officials. A sub-aim is to gain an understanding of how the SEA’s mission and core values are interpreted, balanced and implemented in conversation. Drawing on the theoretical and methodological framework of Conversation Analysis (CA), the thesis investigates how communication between SEA frontline officials and clients unfolds, and how institutional regulations, norms and relationships are invoked and negotiated. The data consists of audio recordings of 113 naturally occurring phone calls to the SEA’s centralised customer service. The four analytical chapters explore different aspects of the interactional encounters. First, the openings of the encounters are analysed, focusing on how callers achieve service, and how the participants orient to serviceability and legitimacy. Secondly, the analysis addresses how factual information from the SEA’s institutional records is accessed, handled and responded to by the participants. In this way, the analysis illustrates how the participants display epistemic stances, and how the SEA’s mission to provide information, and to activate and educate clients, is translated into practice. Thirdly, frontline service officials’ explanations of a key SEA process are studied, revealing how the participants’ intersubjectivity is established, challenged and negotiated. Fourthly and finally, an analysis of how call takers recommend future courses of action to callers is presented, which demonstrates how the participants’ deontic rights to decide on future actions are allocated in the customer service calls. In sum, the thesis brings to light what happens in conversations between callers and frontline service officials at the SEA. More specifically, the thesis offers insights into how institutional remits shape frontline interaction, as well as how laws, guidelines and policies are talked into being. In addition to expanding our knowledge of language and social interaction in government agencies, the key findings of the thesis may have an impact on professional development within the SEA, thereby benefiting both frontline officials and clients.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Johnson, Toby, et al.
(author)
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Blood Pressure Loci Identified with a Gene-Centric Array.
- 2011
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In: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-6605 .- 0002-9297. ; 89:6, s. 688-700
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have identified 47 distinct genetic variants robustly associated with BP, but collectively these explain only a few percent of the heritability for BP phenotypes. To find additional BP loci, we used a bespoke gene-centric array to genotype an independent discovery sample of 25,118 individuals that combined hypertensive case-control and general population samples. We followed up four SNPs associated with BP at our p < 8.56× 10(-7) study-specific significance threshold and six suggestively associated SNPs in a further 59,349 individuals. We identified and replicated a SNP at LSP1/TNNT3, a SNP at MTHFR-NPPB independent (r(2) = 0.33) of previous reports, and replicated SNPs at AGT and ATP2B1 reported previously. An analysis of combined discovery and follow-up data identified SNPs significantly associated with BP at p < 8.56× 10(-7) at four further loci (NPR3, HFE, NOS3, and SOX6). The high number of discoveries made with modest genotyping effort can be attributed to using a large-scale yet targeted genotyping array and to the development of a weighting scheme that maximized power when meta-analyzing results from samples ascertained with extreme phenotypes, in combination with results from nonascertained or population samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and transcript expression data highlight potential gene regulatory mechanisms at the MTHFR and NOS3 loci. These results provide candidates for further study to help dissect mechanisms affecting BP and highlight the utility of studying SNPs and samples that are independent of those studied previously even when the sample size is smaller than that in previous studies.
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| 41. |
- Kolberg, D., et al.
(author)
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Effect of Rhizome Fragmentation, Clover Competition, Shoot-Cutting Frequency, and Cutting Height on Quackgrass (Elymus repens)
- 2018
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In: Weed science. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0043-1745 .- 1550-2759. ; 66:2, s. 215-225
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quackgrass is a problematic agricultural weed in the temperate zones of the world and is difficult to control without herbicides or intensive tillage. However, it may be possible to control quackgrass with less environmental impact by combining multiple low-intensity control methods. A pot experiment was conducted in July to October 2012 and repeated in June to September 2013 to investigate the effect of rhizome fragmentation, competition from white clover, shoot-cutting frequency, and cutting height on quackgrass. Rhizome fragmentation was expected to result in more, but weaker, quackgrass shoots that would be more vulnerable to shoot cutting and competition. However, by 20 d past planting, rhizome fragmentation did not change the total number of quackgrass shoots per pot, because an increase in main shoots was offset by a decrease in tiller numbers. Rhizome fragmentation did not reduce quackgrass biomass acquisition during the experimental period. Although rhizome fragmentation did reduce total fructan content, it did not enhance the effect of clover competition, shoot-cutting frequency, or shoot-cutting height. Clover competition by itself reduced quackgrass shoot numbers by 72%, rhizome biomass by 81%, and belowground fructan concentration by 10 percentage points, compared with no competition. The more frequently quackgrass shoots were cut, the less biomass quackgrass acquired, and a high shoot-cutting frequency (each time quackgrass reached 2 leaves) resulted in a lower belowground fructan concentration than a low shoot-cutting frequency (at 8 leaves). However, in pots without competition, a higher shoot-cutting frequency resulted in more quackgrass shoots. A lower shoot-cutting height (25 mm) had more impact when shoot cutting was more frequent. In conclusion, rhizome fragmentation did not reduce the number of quackgrass shoots or rhizome biomass, but competition from white clover, a high shoot-cutting frequency, and a low shoot-cutting height strongly suppressed quackgrass biomass and fructan acquisition.
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| 42. |
- Larsson, Erik, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Hypertension and Genetic Variation in Endothelial-Specific Genes
- 2013
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In: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association (GWA) studies usually detect common genetic variants with low-to-medium effect sizes. Many contributing variants are not revealed, since they fail to reach significance after strong correction for multiple comparisons. The WTCCC study for hypertension, for example, failed to identify genome-wide significant associations. We hypothesized that genetic variation in genes expressed specifically in the endothelium may be important for hypertension development. Results from the WTCCC study were combined with previously published gene expression data from mice to specifically investigate SNPs located within endothelial-specific genes, bypassing the requirement for genome-wide significance. Six SNPs from the WTCCC study were selected for independent replication in 5205 hypertensive patients and 5320 population-based controls, and successively in a cohort of 16537 individuals. A common variant (rs10860812) in the DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator) locus showed association with hypertension (P = 0.008) in the replication study. The minor allele (A) had a protective effect (OR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98 per A-allele), which replicates the association in the WTCCC GWA study. However, a second follow-up, in the larger cohort, failed to reveal an association with blood pressure. We further tested the endothelial-specific genes for co-localization with a panel of newly discovered SNPs from large meta-GWAS on hypertension or blood pressure. There was no significant overlap between those genes and hypertension or blood pressure loci. The result does not support the hypothesis that genetic variation in genes expressed in endothelium plays an important role for hypertension development. Moreover, the discordant association of rs10860812 with blood pressure in the case control study versus the larger Malmo "Preventive Project-study highlights the importance of rigorous replication in multiple large independent studies.
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| 43. |
- Lindgren, Leif, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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A multiresolution 100-GOPS 4-Gpixels/s programmable smart vision sensor for multisense imaging
- 2005
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In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. - 0018-9200 .- 1558-173X. ; 40:6, s. 1350-1359
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a multiresolution general-purpose high-speed machine vision sensor with on-chip image processing capabilities. The sensor comprises an innovative multiresolution sensing area, 1536 A/D converters, and a SIMD array of 1536 bit-serial processors with corresponding memory. The sensing area consists of an area part with 1536 × 512 pixels, and a line-scan part with a set of rows with 3072 pixels each. The SIMD processor array can deliver more than 100 GOPS sustained and the on-chip pixel-analysing rate can be as high as 4Gpixels/s. The sensor is ideal for high-speed multisense imaging where, e.g., color, greyscale, internal material light scatter, and 3-D profiles are captured simultaneously. When running only 3-D laser triangulation, a data rate of more than 20 000 profiles/s can be achieved when delivering 1536 range values per profile with 8 bits of range resolution. Experimental results showing very good image characteristics and a good digital to analog noise isolation are presented.
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| 44. |
- Manderstedt, Eric, et al.
(author)
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Classic Thrombophilias and Thrombotic Risk Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults : A Population-Based Cohort Study
- 2022
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In: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 2047-9980. ; 11:4
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Five classic thrombophilias have been recognized: factor V Leiden (rs6025), the prothrombin G20210A variant (rs1799963), and protein C, protein S, and antithrombin deficiencies. This study aimed to determine the thrombotic risk of classic thrombophilias in a cohort of middle-aged and older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and protein-coding variants in the PROC (protein C), PROS1 (protein S), and SERPINC1 (antithrombin) anticoagulant genes were determined in 29 387 subjects (born 1923–1950, 60% women) who participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study (1991–1996). The Human Gene Mutation Database was used to define 68 disease-causing mutations. Patients were followed up from baseline until the first event of venous thromboembolism (VTE), death, or Dec 31, 2018. Carriership (n=908, 3.1%) for disease-causing mutations in the PROC, PROS1, and SERPINC1 genes was associated with incident VTE: Hazard ratio (HR) was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–1.9). Variants not in Human Gene Mutation Database were not linked to VTE (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8–1.5). Heterozygosity for rs6025 and rs1799963 was associated with incident VTE: HR, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.6–2.0) and HR, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3–2.0), respectively. The HR for carrying 1 classical thrombophilia variant was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.6–1.9). HR was 3.9 (95% CI, 3.1–5.0) for carriers of ≥2 thrombophilia variants. CONCLUSIONS: The 5 classic thrombophilias are associated with a dose-graded risk of VTE in middle-aged and older adults. Disease-causing variants in the PROC, PROS1, and SERPINC1 genes were more common than the rs1799963 variant but the conferred genetic risk was comparable with the rs6025 and rs1799963 variants.
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| 45. |
- Marini, S., et al.
(author)
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Association of Apolipoprotein E With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk by Race/Ethnicity A Meta-analysis
- 2019
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In: Jama Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6149 .- 2168-6157. ; 76:4, s. 480-491
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IMPORTANCE Genetic studies of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have focused mainly on white participants, but genetic risk may vary or could be concealed by differing nongenetic coexposures in nonwhite populations. Transethnic analysis of risk may clarify the role of genetics in ICH risk across populations. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between established differences in ICH risk by race/ethnicity and the variability in the risks of apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 alleles, the most potent genetic risk factor for ICH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study of primary ICH meta-analyzed the association of APOE allele status on ICH risk, applying a 2-stage clustering approach based on race/ethnicity and stratified by a contributing study. A propensity score analysis was used to model the association of APOE with the burden of hypertension across race/ethnic groups. Primary ICH cases and controls were collected from 3 hospital- and population-based studies in the United States and 8 in European sites in the International Stroke Genetic Consortium. Participants were enrolled from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2017. Participants with secondary causes of ICH were excluded from enrollment. Controls were regionally matched within each participating study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Clinical variables were systematically obtained from structured interviews within each site. APOE genotype was centrally determined for all studies. RESULTS In total, 13 124 participants (7153 [54.5%] male with a median [interquartile range] age of 66 [56-76] years) were included. In white participants, APOE epsilon 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.24-1.80; P < .001) and APOE epsilon 4 (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.23-1.85; P < .001) were associated with lobar ICH risk; however, within self-identified Hispanic and black participants, no associations were found. After propensity score matching for hypertension burden, APOE epsilon 4 was associated with lobar ICH risk among Hispanic (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.28; P = .01) but not in black (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07; P = .25) participants. APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 did not show an association with nonlobar ICH risk in any race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE APOE epsilon 4 and epsilon 2 alleles appear to affect lobar ICH risk variably by race/ethnicity, associations that are confirmed in white individuals but can be shown in Hispanic individuals only when the excess burden of hypertension is propensity score-matched; further studies are needed to explore the interactions between APOE alleles and environmental exposures that vary by race/ethnicity in representative populations at risk for ICH.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Melander, Björn, 1958-
(author)
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Ansvar för en unik resurs : En genomlysning av språkutbildningen vid Uppsala universitet
- 2016
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Att medborgarna ska ha goda kunskaper i språk är ett prioriterat mål både inom EU och på nationell nivå. Det är naturligt: språkkunskaper behövs i en globaliserad värld och i länder som blir allt mer heterogena språkligt och kulturellt, språkaspekter är centrala för frågor om mångfald, likabehandling och inkludering och språkfärdigheter är viktiga redskap i studier, arbetsliv m.m.Uppsala universitet har Sveriges utan konkurrens bredaste språkutbud: vid Språkvetenskapliga fakultetens fyra institutioner ges utbildning – i större eller mindre omfattning – i ca 50 olika språk. En nationell jämförelse visar att ungefär hälften av dessa inte går att läsa vid andra lärosäten i Sverige. Den visar också att det är många språk som återfinns vid bara ett litet antal universitet och högskolor: av de ca 60 språk som det undervisas i inom landet är det 40 som endast ges på ett ställe, och för ett flertal andra är det endast två eller tre lärosäten som erbjuder språket. Detta skapar ett sårbart system och det är angeläget att en nationell strategi för den akademiska språkutbildningen utarbetas.Uppsala universitet har under lång tid tagit ansvar för språkutbildningen genom att ge extra anslag både centralt och inom Området för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap. Detta gäller fortfarande, men nivån på tilldelningen har minskat. En jämförelse med situationen vid de båda universitet som ligger närmast Uppsala vad gäller bredd i språkutbudet, Stockholm och Lund, visar att Uppsala har ett bredare och större stöd, och även att det förefaller svårt att behålla speciellt bredden i utbudet om inte extra anslag ges.Språkutbildning är alltså resurskrävande. Ett av de förhållanden som skapar krav på mycket undervisningstid är ett stort inslag av färdighetsmoment, men också att det finns många studenter med annat modersmål än svenska och en hög andel studenter på A-nivå gör att behovet av kontakttimmar ökar. Med en stor bredd i kursutbudet blir det vidare svårt att undvika små undervisningsgrupper för vissa kurser, trots att institutionerna arbetar aktivt med samläsning, periodisering och liknande. Detta fördyrar också undervisningen.En fokusgruppsundersökning med studenter, lärare och alumner samt resultatet av en enkätundersökning sänd till alumner visar också att mer undervisning är det som främst efterfrågas av samtliga grupper. Mer stöd till studenternas arbete utanför lektionstid efterlyses likaså. Det förefaller även behövas mer tid för kursutveckling. Innehållet i kurserna upplevs som bra, och kunskapskraven likaledes, men samtidigt som höga.Språkstudier framstår alltså som krävande men samtidigt givande. Den djupast liggande styrkan med att ha en språkutbildning uppfattas vara förmågan att förstå sig själv och andra människor samt förmågan att skifta och anta olika perspektiv. En sådan förmåga är tveklöst högst relevant i dagens och morgondagens samhälle.Språkstudier kan leda fram till en mängd olika arbeten efter examen. Det framstår dock som angeläget att ytterligare utveckla arbetet för att tydliggöra såväl för studenterna vilka typer av arbeten som man kan söka sig till efter avslutade studier som för presumtiva arbetsgivare vilka kompetenser och resurser en språkutbildning ger.
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| 48. |
- Melander, Björn, 1958-
(author)
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ASLA:s höstsymposium 1998
- 1999
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In: ASLA Information. - 0281-370X. ; 25:1, s. 18-19
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 49. |
- Melander, Björn, 1958-
(author)
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Betyg och resultat. : Om en "medeluppgift"
- 1999
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In: Svenska på prov. Arton artiklar om språk, litteratur, didaktik och prov.. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. ; , s. 137-144
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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